Rpd3L and Hda1 histone deacetylases facilitate repair of broken forks by promoting sister chromatid cohesion

Genome stability involves accurate replication and DNA repair. Broken replication forks, such as those encountering a nick, lead to double strand breaks (DSBs), which are preferentially repaired by sister-chromatid recombination (SCR). To decipher the role of chromatin in eukaryotic DSB repair, here we analyze a collection of yeast chromatin-modifying mutants using a previously developed system for the molecular analysis of repair of replication-born DSBs by SCR based on a mini-HO site. We confirm the candidates through FLP-based systems based on a mutated version of the FLP flipase that causes nicks on either the leading or lagging DNA strands. We demonstrate that Rpd3L and Hda1 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes contribute to the repair of replication-born DSBs by facilitating cohesin loading, with no effect on other types of homology-dependent repair, thus preventing genome instability. We conclude that histone deacetylation favors general sister chromatid cohesion as a necessary step in SCR

Analysis of repair of replication-born double-strand breaks by sister chromatid recombination in yeast

The repair of DNA double-strand breaks is crucial for cell viability and the maintenance of genome integrity. When present, the intact sister chromatid is used as the preferred repair template to restore the genetic information by homologous recombination. Although the study of the factors involved in sister chromatid recombination is hampered by the fact that both sister chromatids are indistinguishable, genetic and molecular systems based on DNA repeats have been developed to overcome this problem. In particular, the use of site-specific nucleases capable of inducing DNA nicks that replication converts into double-strand breaks has enabled the specific study of the repair of such replication-born double strand breaks by sister chromatid recombination. In this chapter, we describe detailed protocols for determining the efficiency and kinetics of this recombination reaction as well as for the genetic quantification of recombination products

Congruency fit: beyond performance in the auto supplier industry

The effects of manufacturing strategy (MS) and technology (T) on performance have been studied separately, but few studies have examined the relationship between MS and T practices clusters that improve effectiveness when implemented jointly, and even then they do not consider possible congruency between the two. This paper develops a congruency (selection) model to test for any interconnection between said clusters, without addressing causation or their combined effect on performance. The implicit outcome is that the plant will achieve a desirable effectiveness level. Through a wide-ranging survey of auto supplier plants, two approaches are considered: 1) grouping both clusters in pairs (canonical correlation analysis); and 2) a more general selection view version, with practices from both clusters related multidimensionally and subordinated by bivariate analysis (regression) to test for any congruent pattern. Both methods find a congruent relationship between manufacturing strategy and technology practice clusters, although the second provides greater detail.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia DPI-2006-0553

BioGiga: Base de datos de imágenes sintéticas de personas a 94 GHz con fines biométricos

Versión electrónica de la ponencia presentada en el XXVI Simposium Nacional de Union Cientifica Internacional de Radio, URSI 2011, celebrado en Madrid.The baseline corpus of a new database, called BioGiga, acquired in the framework of the Terasense Consolider Project, is presented. The corpus consists of synthetic images at 94 GHz of the body of 50 individuals. The images are the result of simulations carried out on corporal models at two types of scenarios (outdoors, indoors) and with two kinds of imaging systems (passive and active). These corporal models were previously generated based on body measurements taken from the subjects. In this contribution, the methodology followed and the tools used to generate the database are outlined. Furthermore, the contents of the corpus (data and statistics) as well as its applications are described.Este trabajo ha sido financiado parcialmente por los proyectos Bio-Challenge (TEC2009-11186), Contexts (S2009/TIC- 1485), TeraSense (CSD2008-00068) y ”Cátedra UAM-Telefónica"

The Relationship between Photoluminescence Emissions and Photocatalytic Activity of CeO2 Nanocrystals

In this work, we focus on understanding the morphology and photocatalytic properties of CeO2 nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized via a microwave-assisted solvothermal method using acetone and ethanol as solvents. Wulff constructions reveal a complete map of available morphologies and a theoretical-experimental match with octahedral nanoparticles obtained through synthesis using ethanol as solvent. NCs synthesized in acetone show a greater contribution of emission peaks in the blue region (∼450 nm), which may be associated with higher Ce3+ concentration, originating shallow-level defects within the CeO2 lattice while for the samples synthesized in ethanol a strong orange-red emission (∼595 nm) suggests that oxygen vacancies may originate from deep-level defects within the optical bandgap region. The superior photocatalytic response of CeO2 synthesized in acetone compared to that of CeO2 synthesized in ethanol may be associated with an increase in long-/short-range disorder within the CeO2 structure, causing the Egap value to decrease, facilitating light absorption. Furthermore, surface (100) stabilization in samples synthesized in ethanol may be related to low photocatalytic activity. Photocatalytic degradation was facilitated by the generation of ·OH and ·O2– radicals as corroborated by the trapping experiment. The mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity has been proposed suggesting that samples synthesized in acetone tend to have lower e′─h· pair recombination, which is reflected in their higher photocatalytic response

Association between a SLC23A2 gene variation, plasma vitamin C levels, and risk of glaucoma in a Mediterranean population

PurposeSeveral dietary factors have been associated with glaucoma. Among them, dietary antioxidant intake (i.e., vitamin C and vitamin A) in association with glaucoma has been analyzed, but with mixed results. Genetic factors may play a role in modulating the effect of dietary antioxidant intake on glaucoma; however, nutrigenetic studies in this field are scarce. Our aim was to study the association between selected polymorphisms in key proteins related to vitamin C and vitamin A concentrations and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsWe performed a case-control study matched for age, sex, and bodyweight. We recruited 300 subjects (150 POAG cases and 150 controls) from a Mediterranean population and determined the plasma concentrations of vitamin C and vitamin A for each subject. We selected the following single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to vitamin A and vitamin C concentrations: rs176990 and rs190910 in the retinol-binding protein 1 (RBP1) gene; and rs10063949 and rs1279683 in the Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters 1 and 2, respectively (encoded by the SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 genes).ResultsWe found a statistically significant association between the rs1279386 (A>G) SNP in SLC23A2 and POAG risk. In the crude analysis, homozygous subjects for the G allele (GG subjects) had higher risk of POAG than other genotypes (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.03–2.71). This association remained statistically significant (p=0.010) after multivariate adjustment for potential confounders. We also found that POAG patients had lower plasma vitamin C concentrations than control subjects (9.9±1.7 µg/ml versus 11.7±1.8 µg/ml, p<0.001). Moreover, we consistently detected a significant association between the rs1279386 SNP in SLC23A2 and plasma vitamin C concentrations: GG subjects had significantly lower plasma vitamin C concentrations than the other genotypes (9.0±1.4 µg/ml versus 10.5±1.6 µg/ml, p<0.001 in POAG cases and 10.9±1.6 µg/ml versus 12.1±1.8 µg/ml, p<0.001 in controls). The rs10063949 SNP in SLC23A1 was not associated with either plasma vitamin C concentrations or POAG risk. Similarly, SNPs in RBP1 were not associated with vitamin A concentrations or POAG risk.ConclusionsThe rs1279683 SNP in SLC23A2 was significantly associated with lower plasma concentrations of vitamin C and with higher risk of POAG in GG subjects

Histone H3E73Q and H4E53A mutations cause recombinogenic DNA damage

The stability and function of eukaryotic genomes is closely linked to histones and to chromatin structure. The state of the chromatin not only affects the probability of DNA to undergo damage but also DNA repair. DNA damage can result in genetic alterations and subsequent development of cancer and other genetic diseases. Here, we identified two mutations in conserved residues of histone H3 and histone H4 (H3E73Q and H4E53A) that increase recombinogenic DNA damage. Our results suggest that the accumulation of DNA damage in these histone mutants is largely independent on transcription and might arise as a consequence of problems occurring during DNA replication. This study uncovers the relevance of H3E73 and H4E53 residues in the protection of genome integrity.European Research Council ERC2014 AdG669898 TARLOOPMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad BFU2016-75058-

Efecto de cuatro niveles de reposicion hidrica post-pinta, sobre variables fisiologicas, componentes del rendimiento, crecimiento y en la calidad de las bayas en Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet sauvignon.

Resumen (Spanish, English)38 p.Con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos de cuatro niveles de reposición hídrica en post-pinta (0%, 50%, 100% y 150% ET), sobre los componentes del rendimiento (producción por planta, racimos por plantas, peso y número de bayas por racimo, largo y peso de escobajos), las variables vegetativas (peso de poda, largo, peso y diámetro del sarmiento, largo del entrenudo, brotes por metro lineal, número de capas de hojas y espacios vacíos), fisiológicas (potencial hídrico de la hoja y resistencia estomática) y características de las bayas (diámetro y análisis químico), se realizó un experimento la temporada 1999-2000 en la estación experimental de la Viña San Pedro (Molina, VII R.), en el cv. Cabernet sauvignon. El diseño de este ensayo correspondió a uno completamente al azar (DCA), en donde se ubicaron 16 unidades experimentales compuestas por 5 plantas cada una. Los resultados encontrados no determinaron diferencia significativa tanto en las variables productivas, como en las vegetativas, a excepción del nº de capas de hojas y del espacio vacío de la pared del follaje, los que, debido a la caída anticipada de hojas, disminuyeron y aumentaron respectivamente, en los tratamientos con menor reposición del riego (0% y 50% ET). En cuanto a las características de las bayas, estas no fueron afectadas por las distintas tasas de riego. Por otro lado, los diferentes aportes hídricos en post-pinta afectaron el estatus hídrico de la planta, donde el tratamiento 0% ET registró los menores valores de potencial hídrico de la hoja, diferenciándose de los tratamientos 100% y 150% ET. Los menores valores de potencial hídrico de la hoja se obtuvieron a medio día, fluctuando entre los –1.1 y –1.4 MPa promedio en la temporada. Sólo a finales de la temporada se evidenció respuesta de la resistencia estomática frente a los diferentes niveles de reposición hídrica impuestos en este experimento, diferenciándose el tratamiento 0% ET de los 100% y 150% ET, el cual registró los mayores valores de resistencia estomática

Selección de bombas en redes de riego a presión

[ES] Dada la aplicación cada vez más extendida de las redes colectivas de riego a la demanda, se presenta una herramienta de utilización general como ayuda a la toma de decisiones para el dimensionamiento y regulación de las estaciones de bombeo. Se trata de una aportación novedosa que trata de dar soluciones a un problema todavía sin resolver sobre el mejor equilibrio entre coste total (inversión y operación) y garantía de suministro. Para la selección del tipo y número de bombas de velocidad fija y variable se presenta un procedimiento fácil de implementar (Excel, Visual Basic), que proporciona la solución de menor coste total utilizando equipos existentes en el mercado. Los resultados indican que, es muy importante seleccionar correctamente el tipo de bomba que mejor seadapta a las necesidades de la demanda de la red, y que la solución de mínimo coste total es con una o dos bombas de velocidad variable y el resto de velocidad fija.Planells, P.; Carrión, P.; Ortega, JF.; Moreno, MA.; Tarjuelo Martín-Benito, JM. (2006). Selección de bombas en redes de riego a presión. Ingeniería del agua. 13(1):47-57. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2006.2881OJS4757131Awumah, K., Bhatt, S.K. and Goulter, I.C. (1989). An integer programming model for layout design of water distribution networks. Engineering Optimization, Vol. 15, pp.57-70Bethery J. 1990. Réseaux collectifs d'irrigation ramifiés sous pression. Calcul et fonctionnement. CEMAGREF. Etudes nº 6Bhave, P.R. and Lam, C.F. (1983). Optimal layout for branching distribution networks. Journal of Transportation Engineering (ASCE), Vol 109. Nº 4, pp. 534-547Clément, R. and Galand, A. (1986). El riego por aspersión y las redes colectivas de distribución a presión. Editores Técnicos Asociados.EPANET: Lewis A. Rossman (1997). Manual de Usuario de Epanet. Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH.García-Serra, J. y Madalena, M. (1992). La inyección directa a red con grupos de velocidad fija y variable. Curso de ingeniería hidráulica aplicada a los sistemas de distribución de agua. U.D. de Mecánica de Fluidos, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Tomo 2, Capítulo 17.Labye, Y., Olson, M.A., Galand, A. Y Tsourtis, N. (1988). Design and optimisation of irrigation distribution network. Irrigation and drainage paper nº 44. FAO.Lamaddalena N. (2000). Performance analysis of on-demand pressurized irrigation systems. Nº 59 de FAO, Serie de riegos y drenajes,Lansey, K.E., and Mays, L.W. (1989). Optimization model for water distribution system design. J. Hydraul. Eng., 115(10), 1401-1418.Martínez, F. y Vela, A. (1993). Regulación de estaciones de bombeo. Curso de Diseño hidráulico de redes de riego. U.D. de Mecánica de Fluidos, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. Capítulo 10.Moreno, M.A. (2005). Análisis hidráulico y energético de redes de riego a la demanda. Tesis doctoral. CREA y E.T.S.I. Agrónomos de Albacete. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (junio 2005).López-Luque, R., Reca, J., Camacho, E., Roldán, J. y Alcaide, M. (1995). Valoración energética y diseño óptimo de impulsiones con caudal variable. Ingeniería del Agua 2: 19-24.Mavropoulos, T.I. 1997. Sviluppo di una nuova formula per il calcolo delle portate de punta nelle reti irrigue don esercizio alla domanda. Riv. Di Irr. E Dren. 44(2):27-35.Planells, P., Tarjuelo, J.M., Ortega, F and Casanova, M.I. (2001). Design of water networks for on-demand irrigation. Irrig Sci 20:189-201Planells, P. y Tarjuelo, J.M. 2001. Generación aleatoria de curvas de demanda y sus aplicaciones. XIX Congreso Nacional de Riegos. Zaragoza, 12 a 14 de junio de 2001Pulido, I., R. López y J. Roldán. 1998. Caracterización horaria y estacional de la demanda en una red de distribución de agua para riego. XVI Congreso Nacional de Riegos. AERYD.Pulido-Calvo, I., Roldan, J., López-luque, R. and Gutiérrez-Estrada, J.C. (2003). Water delivery system planning considering irrigation simultaneity. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 129(2), 247-25