Interventions in the first 1000 days to prevent childhood obesity: a systematic review and quantitative content analysis

Background: Childhood obesity poses a global health challenge. In recent years, there has been an increase in interventions that begin in pregnancy, putting the concept of early programming and early risk factors into practice. The present study aims to update the findings regarding interventions in the first 1000 days of life. Methods: A systematic review based on the PRISMA guidelines was carried out in PubMed, WoS, Scopus and CINAHL to obtain the articles to be analysed. We included those studies published between 2016 and 2021. Human interventions that started within the first 1000 days of life and acted on at least one programming factor were included. Once selected, coding and quantitative content analysis was carried out to obtain a profile of the interventions during the first 1000 days. Results: From all screened articles, 51 unique interventions, which met the selection criteria, were included. The majority of interventions (81%) took place in high-income areas. Almost all (86%) were targeted at the general population. The majority (54%) started in the second trimester of pregnancy. A clear majority (61%) ended at the time of birth. 44% of the interventions included all pregnant women. Only 48% of these interventions were focused on improving the nutritional status of the offspring in the short term. Most interventions collected the baby's weight at birth (68%). Conclusions: It can be concluded that current interventions are not covering as many aspects as they should. Future research should be conducted more frequently in developing countries and target disadvantaged groups. These interventions should include all pregnant women, regardless of their nutritional status, aiming to cover as many programming factors as possible and extending through the first 1000 days of life, with body mass index or skinfolds as measures of effectiveness during this period.11 página

Surface characterization of alkane viral anchoring films prepared by titanate-assisted organosilanization

Studies of virus adsorption on surfaces with optimized properties have attracted a lot of interest, mainly due to the influence of the surface in the retention, orientation and stability of the viral capsids. Besides, viruses in whole or in parts can be used as cages or vectors in different areas, such as biomedicine and materials science. A key requirement for virus nanocage application is their physical properties, i.e. their mechanical response and the distribution of surface charge, which determine virus-substrate interactions and stability. In the present work we show two examples of viruses exhibiting strong surface interactions on homogeneous hydrophobic surfaces. The surfaces were prepared by titanate assisted organosilanization, a sol-gel spin coating process, followed by a mild annealing step. We show by surface and interface spectroscopies that the process allows trapping triethoxy-octylsilane (OCTS) molecules, exhibiting a hydrophobic alkane rich surface finishing. Furthermore, the surfaces remain flat and behave as more efficient sorptive surfaces for virus particles than mica or graphite (HOPG). Also, we determine by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the mechanical properties of two types of viruses (human adenovirus and reovirus) and compare the results obtained on the OCTS functionalized surfaces with those obtained on mica and HOPG. Finally, the TIPT+OCTS surfaces were validated as platforms for the morphological and mechanical characterization of virus particles by using adenovirus as initial model and using HOPG and mica as standard control surfaces. Then, the same characteristics were determined on reovirus using TIPT+OCTS and HOPG, as an original contribution to the catalogue of physical properties of viral particlesThis work was supported by the grant Ayudas a Proyectos de I+D para Jovenes Doctores de la Universidad Autonoma de Madrid 2021 (SI3/PJI/2021–00216) supported by Comunidad de Madrid and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid to M.H-P. Also, M.H-P acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (TED2021–129937B-I00). Grant PID2019–104098GB-I00/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, co-funded by the Spanish State Research Agency and the European Regional Development Fund to C.S.M. The CNB-CSIC was further supported by a Spanish State Research Agency Severo Ochoa Excellence grant (SEV 2017–0712). C.S.M is a member of the CSIC funded consortium LifeHub (CSIC grant number: 202120E47). REACT-EU funding by Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid is also acknowledged. M.M.S acknowledges funding from MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 (PID2020–112770RB-C22). P.J.P acknowledges projects FIS2017–89549-R; and FIS2017–90701-REDT. P.J.P also acknowledges the Human Frontiers Science Program (HFSPO RGP0012/2018

Caspase 3 Activity and Lipoperoxidative Status in Raw Semen Predict the Outcome of Cryopreservation of Stallion Spermatozoa

[EN] Stallion-to-stallion variability in the quality of cryopreserved ejaculates postthaw affects the commercial acceptability of frozen semen and thus is a major constraint for the equine industry. In recent years, the molecular mechanisms associated with sperm damage during cryopreservation have become better understood. Identification of the freezability of the ejaculates before the freezing process is initiated will have a major impact on the equine industry. We studied three markers of oxidative stress in sperm, including 8-iso-PGF2alpha, 8-OH guanosine, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE); the presence of active caspase 3; and their changes after sperm cryopreservation. Although 4- HNE levels increased after cryopreservation (from 7% to 33%, P < 0.001), 8OH-guanosine and 8-ISO-PGF2alpha levels decreased after cryopreservation (from 130 to 35 arbitrary fluorescence units, P < 0.01, and from 1280 to 1233, P < 0.01, respectively). Postthaw sperm quality was classified as poor, average, or good using the 25th and 75th percentiles of all assays of sperm quality studied (motility, velocity, membrane functionality, and thiol content) as thresholds. Using these values, a sperm postthaw quality index was proposed. Receiver operating characteristic curves and the Youden J statistic were used to investigate the value of the measured parameters in fresh sperm as predictors of potential freezability. Using these techniques, we identified markers of bad freezers (percentages of caspase 3-positive dead sperm [area under the curve (AUC)= 0.820, P < 0.05] and percentages of caspase 3- and 4-HNEpositive sperm [AUC = 0.872, P < 0.05]) and good freezers (percentages of caspase 3-negative live sperm [AUC = 0.815, P < 0.05], percentages of live sperm with high thiol content [AUC = 0.907, P < 0.01], and percentages of 8-ISO-PGF2alphapositive sperm [AUC = 0.900, P < 0.01]. Moreover, we described for the first time the presence of 8-ISO-PGF2alpha in stallion spermatozoa and revealed the importance of considering different markers of oxidative stress.S

Pulse Doppler ultrasound as a tool for the diagnosis of chronic testicular dysfunction in stallions

[EN] Testicular function is particularly susceptible to vascular insult, resulting in a negative impact on sperm production and quality of the ejaculate. A prompt diagnosis of testicular dysfunction enables implementation of appropriate treatment, hence improving fertility forecasts for stallions. The present research aims to: (1) assess if Doppler ultrasonography is a good tool to diagnose stallions with testicular dysfunction; (2) to study the relationship between Doppler parameters of the testicular artery and those of sperm quality assessed by flow cytometry and (3) to establish cut off values to differentiate fertile stallions from those with pathologies causing testicular dysfunction. A total of 10 stallions (n: 7 healthy stallions and n: 3 sub-fertile stallions) were used in this study. Two ejaculates per stallion were collected and preserved at 5ÊC in a commercial extender. The semen was evaluated at T0, T24 and T48h by flow cytometry. Integrity and viability of sperm (YoPro®-1/EthD-1), mitochondrial activity (MitoTracker® Deep Red FM) and the DNA fragmentation index (Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay) were assessed. Doppler parameters were measured at three different locations on the testicular artery (Supratesticular artery (SA); Capsular artery (CA) and Intratesticular artery (IA)). The Doppler parameters calculated were: Resistive Index (RI), Pulsatility Index (PI), Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV), Time Average Maximum Velocity (TAMV), Total Arterial Blood Flow (TABF) and TABF rate. The capsular artery was the most reliable location to carry out spectral Doppler assessment, since blood flow parameters of this artery were most closely correlated with sperm quality parameters. Significant differences in all the Doppler parameters studied were observed between fertile and subfertile stallions (p0.05). The principal components analysis assay determined that fertile stallions are characterized by high EDV, TAMV, TABF and TABF rate values (high vascular perfusion). In contrast, subfertile stallions tend to present high values of PI and RI (high vascular resistance). The ROC curves revealed that the best Doppler parameters to predict sperm quality in stallions were: Doppler velocities (PSV, EDV and TAMV), the diameter of the capsular artery and TABF parameters (tissue perfusion parameters). Cut off values were established using a YoudenÂs Index to identify fertile stallions from stallions with testicular dysfunction. Spectral Doppler ultrasound is a good predictive tool for sperm quality since correlations were determined among Doppler parameters and markers of sperm quality. Doppler ultrasonography could be a valuable diagnostic tool for use by clinical practitioners for the diagnosis of stallions with testicular dysfunction and could be a viable alternative to invasive procedures traditionally used for diagnosis of sub-fertility disorders.SIC.O.F. is supported by a postdoctoral grant from “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad “. "Juan de la Cierva” IJCI-2014-21671. The authors received financial support from: the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-FEDER, Madrid, Spain,grant AGL2013-43211-R;Junta de Extremadura-FEDER (GR 10010 and PCE1002). P.M.M. is supported by a predoctoral grant from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, Madrid Spain FPU13/03991

Glomerulonefritis colapsante con marcadores de desdiferenciación podocitaria en síndrome hemofagocítico secundario a linfoma hepatoesplénico de células T

El síndrome hemofagocítico es una condición clínica e histológica grave, secundaria a diferentes procesos. La glomerulonefritis colapsante es una podocitopatía proliferativa, generalmente de pronóstico desfavorable para la función renal. Se presenta un caso en el que las dos condiciones aparecieron asociadas, lo cual es una forma infrecuente de presentación del linfoma hepatoesplénico de células T. Se discute, asimismo, el papel de los marcadores de desdiferenciación podocitaria en esta glomerulopatía, y se revisan la fisiopatología y el tratamiento

Adsorción del colorante azul directo 2 sobre borra de café en una columna de lecho fijo a escala de laboratorio

La contaminación del agua con colorantes sintéticos, resultado de las actividades industriales, es un problema latente en la sociedad. Su presencia, aun en concentraciones muy bajas, influye drásticamente en los procesos de fotosíntesis, porque impide la penetración de la luz, afectando la vida acuática e, incluso, la salud humana. La adsorción con carbón activado es una de las técnicas más empleadas para remover el color de los efluentes, pero sus altos costos han dirigido la atención de los investigadores hacia el estudio de materiales adsorbentes provenientes, principalmente, de la agroindustria. Este artículo presenta un estudio sobre la remoción del colorante azul directo 2 en disolución acuosa sobre borra de café sin tratar y modificada a 30±1°C, en una columna empacada. Se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica de los adsorbentes, que incluye la evaluación de las propiedades de textura, mediante isotermas de adsorción, con N2 a 77K, la identificación y cuantificación de grupos funcionales orgánicos, con FTIR y el método de Boemh. El estudio en columna evaluó el efecto de la altura del lecho del adsorbente (Z = 3 y 6cm), el flujo volumétrico (Qv= 2 y 4cm3min-1) y la concentración inicial (Co = 8 y 14mgdm-3), sobre el tiempo de ruptura y la capacidad de adsorción. Los datos experimentales de las curvas de ruptura se ajustaron al modelo BDST (Bed Depth Service Time). Los resultados muestran que el rendimiento de la columna mejora con el incremento de Z y la disminución de Qv y Co, siendo la concentración inicial, el factor con mayor significancia

¿La cirugia bariatrica mejora sensiblemente la calidad de vida del paciente?

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of malabsorptive bariatric surgery (BS) on the quality of life (QoL), applying the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the bariatric analysis and reporting outcome system (BAROS). Design: A prospective cohort study was performed in 100 adult patients (> 18 years) undergoing bariatric surgery by malabsorptive technique for one year. Research methods and procedures: Patients were monitored from the beginning of the BS program until a year after the intervention, applying the NHP and the BAROS test. At baseline, the mean weight of the women was 132 ± 22 kg and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was 50.7 kg/m2. Results: The values obtained from different areas applying the NHP questionnaire showed statistical significant differences (p < 0.001) with respect to baseline values. According to the BAROS test, 48% of patients lost 25-49% of weight excess and 80.8% had resolved major comorbidities at 1 yr. According to the Moorehead-Ardelt QoL score, there were major improvements in employment and self-esteem in 89% and 87% of patients, respectively, and improvements in physical activity, sexual and social relationships. According to the total mean BAROS score, the outcome was considered “very good”. Conclusion: NHP and BAROS questionnaires appear to be useful and easily applicable tools to assess the QoL of obese patients.Introducción: La obesidad mórbida suele acompañarse de enfermedades graves asociadas que provocan una menor expectativa y peor calidad de vida (CV). Objetivos: evaluar el efecto de la cirugía bariátrica (CB) por técnicas malabsortivas sobre la CV, utilizado (Perfil de Salud del Nottingham (PSN) y el Bariatric analysis and reporting outcome system (BAROS). Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, desde Octubre del 2002 hasta Mayo de 2006, seguimiento a los pacientes desde el inicio al protocolo de CB hasta el año post-intervención., donde se incluyeron 100 pacientes. El 86% mujeres, el peso inicial medio 132±22 kg y IMC de 50,7 kg/m2. Se aplicaron 2 cuestionarios: PSN y el BAROS. Resultado: Los valores obtenidos de las diferentes áreas aplicando el cuestionario PSN al año de la intervención muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,001) con los valores iniciales. Según BAROS: Porcentaje de sobrepeso perdido (%SP). El 48% de los pacientes perdió entre el 25 y el 49% de su exceso de peso. Condiciones médicas. El 80,8% habían resuelto todas las comorbilidades mayores. CV de Moorehead Ardelt. El aspecto más mejorado fue el empleo el 89% , autoestima solo el 13% no presentó cambios, las áreas de la actividad física, relaciones sexuales y sociales fueron consideradas como mucho mejor. Basándonos en esta clasificación nuestros resultados se pueden calificar de “muy buenos”. Conclusión: Los cuestionarios PSN y BAROS parecen ser herramientas útiles y de fácil aplicación para evaluar la calidad de vida de los pacientes obesos

Multivariable clinical-genetic risk model for predicting venous thromboembolic events in patients with cancer

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of death among patients with cancer. Outpatients with cancer should be periodically assessed for VTE risk, for which the Khorana score is commonly recommended. However, it has been questioned whether this tool is sufficiently accurate at identifying patients who should receive thromboprophylaxis. The present work proposes a new index, TiC-Onco risk score to be calculated at the time of diagnosis of cancer, that examines patients' clinical and genetic risk factors for thrombosis. We included 391 outpatients with a recent diagnosis of cancer and candidates for systemic outpatient chemotherapy. All were treated according to standard guidelines. The study population was monitored for 6 months, and VTEs were recorded. The Khorana and the TiC-Onco scores were calculated for each patient and their VTE predictive accuracy VTEs was compared. We recorded 71 VTEs. The TiC-Onco risk score was significantly better at predicting VTE than the Khorana score (AUC 0.73 vs. 0.58, sensitivity 49 vs. 22%, specificity 81 vs. 82%, PPV 37 vs. 22%, and NPV 88 vs. 82%). TiC-Onco risk score performed significantly better than Khorana score at identifying cancer patients at high risk of VTE who would benefit from personalised thromboprophylaxis

Microbiota diversity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and in drug-induced liver injury

The gut microbiota could play a significant role in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, its relevance in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains unexplored. Since the two hepatic disorders may share damage pathways, we analysed the metagenomic profile of the gut microbiota in NAFLD, with or without significant liver fibrosis, and in DILI, and we identified the main associated bacterial metabolic pathways. In the NAFLD group, we found a decrease in Alistipes, Barnesiella, Eisenbergiella, Flavonifractor, Fusicatenibacter, Gemminger, Intestinimonas, Oscillibacter, Parasutterella, Saccharoferementans and Subdoligranulum abundances compared with those in both the DILI and control groups. Additionally, we detected an increase in Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Sarcina and Turicibacter abundances in NAFLD, with significant liver fibrosis, compared with those in NAFLD with no/mild liver fibrosis. The DILI group exhibited a lower microbial bacterial richness than the control group, and lower abundances of Acetobacteroides, Blautia, Caloramator, Coprococcus, Flavobacterium, Lachnospira, Natronincola, Oscillospira, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Shuttleworthia, Themicanus and Turicibacter compared with those in the NAFLD and control groups. We found seven bacterial metabolic pathways that were impaired only in DILI, most of which were associated with metabolic biosynthesis. In the NAFLD group, most of the differences in the bacterial metabolic pathways found in relation to those in the DILI and control groups were related to fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis. In conclusion, we identified a distinct bacterial profile with specific bacterial metabolic pathways for each type of liver disorder studied. These differences can provide further insight into the physiopathology and development of NAFLD and DILI.This work was supported in part by a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) (PI18/01804, PI19/00883, PI21/01248), from the Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad (Junta de Andalucía, Spain) (PI18–RT‐3364, UMA18-FEDERJA-194), and from the Consejería de Salud (Junta de Andalucía, Spain) (PI-0285–2016). This study has been co-funded by FEDER funds (“A way to make Europe”) (“Andalucía se mueve con Europa”). CRD is supported by a grant from the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades de Junta de Andalucía (Spain) (DOC_01610). FMR is supported by a grant from the ISCIII (Spain) (FI19/00189). AC is supported by a grant from the ISCIII (Spain) (IFI18/00047). EGF is supported by the Nicolas Monardes program from the Consejería de Salud de Andalucía (Spain) (C-0031–2016). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA (Spain)