EL MICROLEARNING (MICROAPRENDIZAJE) COMO HERRAMIENTA DIDÁCTICA EN LA ASIGNATURA MICROBIOLOGÍA I DEL GRADO DE VETERINARIA

Microlearning has been used as a teaching tool in an innovation project carried out with students of the subject Microbiology I in the Veterinary Medicine Degree at the University of Murcia. The students, guided by their teacher, elaborated training pills (2-5 minutes long videos) of the practical sessions of the subject. The training pills, once reviewed and corrected, were published in a private account of a famous social network (Instagram). Subsequently, the training pills went through a selection process by the students and the teacher. The best formative pill of each practical session was published in the Multimedia Gallery tool of the subject at Virtual Classroom, generating a didactic resource developed entirely by the student and for the students of this subject. Participation of 95% of the students was achieved, 65% of them prepared one or more training pills. The innovation project received a very good response from the students, motivated them in their learning process and encouraged their attention in the practical sessions. In addition, audio-visual resources were generated for practical teaching in subsequent courses.El microlearning ha sido utilizado como herramienta docente en un proyecto de innovación que se realizó con los alumnos de la asignatura Microbiología I del grado de Veterinaria de la Universidad de Murcia. Los estudiantes guiados por su profesora elaboraron píldoras formativas (videos de entre 2-5 minutos de duración) de las sesiones prácticas de la asignatura. Las píldoras formativas, una vez revisadas y corregidas, fueron publicadas en una cuenta privada de la famosa red social Instagram. Con posterioridad, las píldoras formativas pasaron por un proceso de selección por parte de los estudiantes y de la docente. La mejor píldora formativa de cada sesión práctica fue publicada en la herramienta Galería Multimedia, del Aula Virtual de la asignatura, generándose un recurso didáctico elaborado íntegramente por y para los estudiantes de esta asignatura. Se consiguió una participación del 95% de los estudiantes, un 65% manifestó haber elaborado una o más píldoras formativas, pero estas fueron visualizadas por casi la totalidad de los matriculados. El proyecto de innovación tuvo muy buena acogida por parte de los estudiantes, consiguió motivarlos en su proceso de aprendizaje e incentivar su atención en las sesiones prácticas. Además, se generaron recursos audiovisuales útiles para la docencia práctica en cursos posteriores

Desarrollo de valores interpersonales como impulsores de estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes

This proposal aims to generate a set of theoretical-practical guidelines that contribute to the development, reinforcement, and maintenance of the interpersonal values of students, as a guideline for guiding their learning styles within the framework of their potentialities, individual characteristics, needs, and realities of each particular context, derived from the research:  interpersonal values and learning styles of the students of the Educational Institution of the South, municipality of Ipiales, Nariño, Colombia, which was developed with a sample of 110 students of the sixth grades of the three venues between 12 and 15 years of age. For the collection and analysis of information, observation and survey were used and, as instruments: the interpersonal values questionnaire (SIV) by Leonard Gordon, and the questionnaire of learning styles by Richard Felder and Linda Silverman (Felder and Silverman, 2002). The data were processed by means of descriptive statistics, using as statisticians the maximum average sums, which were interpreted by means of scales, adapted from the authors' correction sheets. The results indicate a moderate presence of interpersonal values and an appropriate balance between the extremes, represented by the style options considered in the proposal of Felder and Silverman (2002). In addition, a strong positive correlation was reported, which indicates an important relationship between the variables, a guideline for the generation of the proposal, which is focused on the reinforcement of values as a basis to enhance meaningful learning.Esta propuesta tiene como objetivo generar un conjunto de lineamientos teórico-prácticos que contribuyan con el desarrollo, reforzamiento y mantenimiento de los valores interpersonales de los estudiantes, como pauta de orientación de sus estilos de aprendizaje en el marco de sus potencialidades, características individuales, necesidades y realidades propias de cada contexto en particular, derivada de la investigación: valores interpersonales y estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la Institución educativa del Sur, municipio de Ipiales, Nariño, Colombia, la cual se desarrolló con una muestra de 110 estudiantes de los grados sextos de las tres sedes entre 12  a 15 años de edad. Para la recolección y análisis de información se utilizó la observación y encuesta y, como instrumentos: el cuestionario de valores interpersonales (SIV) de Leonard Gordon, y el cuestionario de estilos de aprendizaje de Richard Felder y Linda Silverman (Felder y Silverman, 2002). Los datos se procesaron por medio de estadística descriptiva, utilizando como estadígrafos las sumatorias máximas promedio, las cuales se interpretaron mediante baremos, adaptados de las hojas de corrección de los autores. Los resultados indican una presencia moderada de los valores interpersonales y un equilibrio apropiado entre los extremos, representados por las opciones de estilo consideradas en la propuesta de Felder y Silverman (2002). Además, se reportó una correlación positiva fuerte, lo cual indica una relación importante entre las variables, pauta para la generación de la propuesta, la cual está enfocada en el reforzamiento de valores como fundamento para potenciar el aprendizaje significativo

El problema de la compartimentación en contenidos teóricos y prácticos en el proceso de aprendizaje. Propuesta de diagramas arbóreos interactivos en las prácticas de Microbiología

[SPA] El estudio de la Microbiología a nivel de enseñanzas media y superior, se imparte clásicamente mediante clases magistrales teóricas y clases prácticas en el laboratorio. Esta compartimentación se ha visto agravada con la implantación de los Grados en los que los contenidos se distribuyen aún más entre una amplia variedad de actividades. El alumno debe sustituir la presencialidad por el trabajo personal, si bien los resultados observados son su preocupación por la materia objeto de evaluación de cada una de las partes y la dificultad en integrar y secuenciar los contenidos que asimila. Por otra parte, las condiciones de seguridad que requiere el trabajo con patógenos unido a la falta de tiempo, supone una reducción del programa práctico. En el presente estudio, financiado con un Proyecto de Innovación de la Universidad de Murcia suscrito con la CARM, se plantea como objetivo la resolución de este problema, común a ambos niveles de enseñanza, mediante diagramas arbóreos interactivos de fácil acceso. La finalidad es conseguir unos resultados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Microbiología de la forma más parecida a la realidad, en las que el alumno debe tomar decisiones en base a los contenidos y destrezas adquiridos. [ENG] The study of Microbiology in secondary and higher education, was conventionally taught through theoretical lectures and practical laboratory classes. This compartmentalization has been exacerbated with the implementation of Grades in which content is distributed even more from a wide variety of activities. The student must replace presentiality for personal work, but the results observed are concerned about the subject matter of assessment of each of the parties and the difficulty in integrating and assimilating the content sequence. Moreover, the security that requires working with pathogens coupled with the lack of time, a reduction of practical program. In the present study, funded with Innovation Project of the University of Murcia signed with CARM, therefore seeks to solve this problem, common to both levels of education by interactive tree diagrams easily accessible. The aim is to achieve results in the teaching and learning of Microbiology shaped more like reality, in which the student must make decisions based on the content and skills acquired.Trabajo financiado por un proyecto dentro del PROGRAMA III: Centro de Formación y Desarrollo Profesional Universidad de Murcia (Proyectos conjuntos de investigación e innovación educativa 2013-14

Unidades didácticas de apoyo para prácticas de laboratorio: nuevos contenidos y usos para smartphones

[SPA] Esta comunicación describe fundamentalmente la parte de desarrollo de herramientas, realizado por profesoras y profesores de la Facultad de Bellas de Artes y de la Facultad de Veterinaria, ambas de la Universidad de Murcia. El trabajo se enmarca en el proyecto de Innovación docente “Realización de prácticas en Microbiología mediante la utilización de recursos audiovisuales y nuevas tecnologías” en el Marco del Programa III del Convenio de Cooperación en Materia de Formación Inicial y Permanente del Profesorado que ejerce en los Niveles Anteriores a la Universidad, suscrito por la Universidad de Murcia y la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia. Esta comunicación está vinculada a la comunicación titulada “El problema de la compartimentación en contenidos teóricos y prácticos en el proceso de aprendizaje. Propuesta de diagramas arbóreos interactivos en las prácticas de Microbiología”, tratando cuestiones complementarias de un mismo proyecto. Nos centraremos en la explicación del funcionamiento de la web app que ha sido concebida para que estudiantes de Microbiología puedan mejorar y afirmar los conocimientos que se adquieren en las prácticas de laboratorio. Esta aplicación es accesible desde el navegador del ordenador (online y offline) y está adaptada para teléfonos móviles (online), incluyendo material multimedia (imágenes, texto, audios y vídeos). Este material ha sido grabado íntegramente en los laboratorios de Microbiología de la Facultad de Veterinaria con la colaboración de profesoras/es y alumnas/os. [ENG] This paper describes a part of the work of teachers from the Faculty of Fine Arts and the Faculty of Veterinary Science, both from the University of Murcia. This work has been created in the context of an innovation learning project titled "Performing Microbiology practices using audiovisual resources and new technologies". This communication is linked to the communication entitled "The problem of compartmentalization in theory and practice for learning contents. Interactive tree diagrams for Microbiology practices", both of them explain subjects of the same project. We will focus on explaining the web app that has been designed by the teachers from de Fine Arts faculty and that integrates content created by veterinary teachers The main goal of this app is to improve and affirm the knowledge acquired by students of microbiology in the labs (practice exercises). This app works for web (online and offline) and mobile phones (online) and includes multimedia material (images, text, audio and video). This material has been recorded entirely in the Microbiology Laboratories of the Faculty of Veterinary, in collaboration with teachers and students.Trabajo financiado por un proyecto dentro del PROGRAMA III: Centro de Formación y Desarrollo Profesional Universidad de Murcia (Proyectos conjuntos de investigación e innovación educativa 2013-14

A DNA damage repair gene-associated signature predicts responses of patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcoma to treatment with trabectedin

Predictive biomarkers of trabectedin represent an unmet need in advanced soft-tissue sarcomas (STS). DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, involved in homologous recombination or nucleotide excision repair, had been previously described as biomarkers of trabectedin resistance or sensitivity, respectively. The majority of these studies only focused on specific factors (ERCC1, ERCC5, and BRCA1) and did not evaluate several other DDR-related genes that could have a relevant role for trabectedin efficacy. In this retrospective translational study, 118 genes involved in DDR were evaluated to determine, by transcriptomics, a predictive gene signature of trabectedin efficacy. A six-gene predictive signature of trabectedin efficacy was built in a series of 139 tumor samples from patients with advanced STS. Patients in the high-risk gene signature group showed a significantly worse progression-free survival compared with patients in the low-risk group (2.1 vs 6.0 months, respectively). Differential gene expression analysis defined new potential predictive biomarkers of trabectedin sensitivity (PARP3 and CCNH) or resistance (DNAJB11 and PARP1). Our study identified a new gene signature that significantly predicts patients with higher probability to respond to treatment with trabectedin. Targeting some genes of this signature emerges as a potential strategy to enhance trabectedin efficacy.This study was funded by the Spanish Group for Research on Sarcoma (GEIS) and partially by PharmaMar. The authors would like to thank the GEIS data center for data management. The authors also thank the donors and the Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío—Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla Biobank (Andalusian Public Health System Biobank and ISCIII-Red de Biobancos PT17/0015/0041) for part of the human specimens used in this study. David S. Moura is recipient of a Sara Borrell postdoctoral fellowship funded by the National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) (CD20/00155)

Análisis de la opinión de estudiantes sobre conductas de riesgo de jóvenes en Puerto Rico

The main purpose of the study was to analyze the opinion that students of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus (UPRRP) have about some risk behaviors in teenagers of both genders between the ages of 13-18. We administered an online survey, which was taken by 1,836 students enrolled during the first semester of the 2017-18 academic year. We used mixed methods: descriptive statistics analysis and content analysis. The findings reveal that the opinion of students is that youth is a stage of confusion and turbulence; that some risk behaviors have increased during the past five years and that it tends to be associated to male youth. These results suggest that university students tend to reproduce the dominant social imaginary in terms of risk behavior in youth. Further investigations should take into consideration the consequences of youth stigmatization, since this is a heterogeneous and diverse group.El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar la opinión que tienen los/as estudiantes de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Recinto de Río Piedras (UPRRP), sobre algunas conductas de riesgo en jóvenes de ambos géneros, de 13-18 años.  Administramos un cuestionario en línea que fue contestado por 1,836 estudiantes matriculados/as durante el primer semestre del año académico 2017-18. Utilizamos un método mixto: análisis estadístico descriptivo y análisis de contenido. Los hallazgos revelan que la opinión de la mayoría de los/as estudiantes universitarios/as es que la juventud es una etapa de confusión y turbulencia; que algunas conductas de riesgo han aumentado durante los pasados cinco años y que se asocian más con los jóvenes que con las jóvenes. Estos hallazgos sugieren que los/as estudiantes tienden a reproducir los imaginarios sociales dominantes sobre la conducta de riesgo en jóvenes entre las edades de 13-18 años. Futuros trabajos deben considerar las consecuencias de la estigmatización hacia los/as jóvenes, ya que este es un grupo heterogéneo y variado

Dendritic cell deficiencies persist seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection induces an exacerbated inflammation driven by innate immunity components. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in the defense against viral infections, for instance plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), have the capacity to produce vast amounts of interferon-alpha (IFN-α). In COVID-19 there is a deficit in DC numbers and IFN-α production, which has been associated with disease severity. In this work, we described that in addition to the DC deficiency, several DC activation and homing markers were altered in acute COVID-19 patients, which were associated with multiple inflammatory markers. Remarkably, previously hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients remained with decreased numbers of CD1c+ myeloid DCs and pDCs seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the expression of DC markers such as CD86 and CD4 were only restored in previously nonhospitalized patients, while no restoration of integrin β7 and indoleamine 2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO) levels were observed. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the immunological sequelae of COVID-19

Integrative epigenomics in Sjögren´s syndrome reveals novel pathways and a strong interaction between the HLA, autoantibodies and the interferon signature

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration and damage of exocrine salivary and lacrimal glands. The etiology of SS is complex with environmental triggers and genetic factors involved. By conducting an integrated multi-omics study, we confirmed a vast coordinated hypomethylation and overexpression effects in IFN-related genes, what is known as the IFN signature. Stratified and conditional analyses suggest a strong interaction between SS-associated HLA genetic variation and the presence of Anti-Ro/SSA autoantibodies in driving the IFN epigenetic signature and determining SS. We report a novel epigenetic signature characterized by increased DNA methylation levels in a large number of genes enriched in pathways such as collagen metabolism and extracellular matrix organization. We identified potential new genetic variants associated with SS that might mediate their risk by altering DNA methylation or gene expression patterns, as well as disease-interacting genetic variants that exhibit regulatory function only in the SS population. Our study sheds new light on the interaction between genetics, autoantibody profiles, DNA methylation and gene expression in SS, and contributes to elucidate the genetic architecture of gene regulation in an autoimmune population

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio