Las redes sociales y su modelado matemático

Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) han venido a cambiar el potencial de las redes sociales. Su diversidad, alcance y características resultan impactantes y su análisis matemático es importante para comprenderlas. En este capítulo se revisan los conceptos básicos de las redes, veremos cómo se generan las redes complejas y sus características principales; en especial se analizan las redes de mundo pequeño y su uso para modelar las redes sociales, finalmente se enuncian algunas limitaciones que tienen estos modelos matemáticos en la representación de la realidad social

Los Indicadores y la Planeación de la Educación Superior en América Latina

[EN] In this paper we analyze how the growth and development of higher education systems ( SES ) in Latin America were associated with the types of government and political system who experienced these countries. Are two moments in the development of the SES which corresponds to the period of authoritarian rule and that is associated with the advent of democracy. Information is required to conduct SES rational planning growth. In this sense , we reflect on the lack of information on national education systems , the difficulty to obtain and systematize trouble . In recent years there have been concerted efforts by international organizations to build systems of indicators , we review here the most representative. It reflects on the use and enhancement of the indicators as a basis for public policy development and management of institutions.[ES] En este trabajo se analiza cómo el crecimiento y desarrollo de los sistemas de educación superior (SES) en América Latina estuvieron asociados a los tipos de gobierno y de régimen político que vivieron estos países. Se observan dos momentos en el desarrollo de los SES: el que corresponde a la época de los gobiernos autoritarios y el que se asocia con el advenimiento de la democracia. Se requiere información de los SES para llevar a cabo una planificación racional de su crecimiento. En este sentido, reflexionamos sobre la falta de información sobre los sistemas de educación nacionales, la dificultad para obtenerla y los problemas para sistematizarla. En años recientes se han realizado esfuerzos coordinados por diversas organizaciones internacionales para la construcción de sistemas de indicadores, revisamos aquí los más representativos. Se reflexiona sobre el uso y la valorización de los indicadores como fundamento de la elaboración de las políticas públicas y de la gestión de las instituciones.Casillas Alvarado, MA.; Castro López, C.; Ortega Guerrero, JC. (2014). Los Indicadores y la Planeación de la Educación Superior en América Latina. En CONFERENCIA INTERNACIONAL INFOACES. UN SISTEMA DE INFORMACIÓN PARA LAS UNIVERSIDADES LATINOAMERICANAS. LIBRO DE ACTAS. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 37-40. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/91461OCS374

ANÁLISIS DEL MÉTODO DE CORRIMIENTO DE FASE PARA ESCANEO Y RECONSTRUCCIÓN 3D DE OBJETOS

ResumenEn el presente trabajo se muestra el análisis realizado al método de corrimiento de fase utilizado para el proceso de escaneo y reconstrucción de objetos 3D. El análisis se enfoca en el algoritmo de 3 pasos, y se analizan características del proceso de digitalización en objetos virtuales, así como en objetos reales, realizando consideraciones para cada uno de los procesos, ya que principalmente en el escaneo de objetos reales. Los diferentes factores externos pueden provocar inconsistencias en la representación 3D final. El brillo del proyector es uno de los primeros factores que se consideran para su análisis, ya que este puede generar discontinuidades en el patrón de franjas, brillo irregular en la superficie del objeto, lo que hace el proceso de desdoblamiento de fase más complicado de resolver. Por ello, se propone una estrategia que permita reconstruir un objeto con un algoritmo de desdoblamiento de fase sencillo, analizando los parámetros en los dispositivos de la etapa de adquisición.Palabras Claves: Corrimiento de fase, desdoblamiento de fase, escaneo, perfilometría, reconstrucción. ANALYSIS OF THE PHASE SHIFT METHOD FOR SCANNING AND 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF OBJECTSAbstractThis paper shows the phase shifting method analysis, which one is used to the scan and 3D reconstruction. The analysis is focused on the 3-step algorithm and the goal characteristics about the 3D scan on virtual and real objects, we perform some considerations for each process because mainly at the 3D real objects scan.   There are a lot of external factors that can do non-uniform results at 3D final object, the bright from projector is the firstly factor considerate for the analysis and the same form the scene captured by de camera because the camera calibration processes are required. After the 3D scan results with simple phase unwrapping are showed.Keywords: Digitalize, phase shifting, phase unwrapping, profilometry, scanning

Patrones de participación y logro en un MOOC de Saberes Digitales para Docentes en servicio de México

Participation patterns and completion rates of a MOOC on Digital Knowledge for Teachers with over 8000 students were investigated in this article using descriptive statistics and cluster analysis according to age, gender and previous educational attainment. Results indicate that older and more educated participants obtained higher completion rates and employed more often the discussion forum. No gender differences were obtained. Participation in the course followed a funnel model in which there is a steep decrease of involvement after the first activity which stabilizes in the fifth one. The course rested on a basis of trust assuming that each participant voluntarily enrolled with the purpose of learning and therefore considering his/her self-perception of course performance as one element of overall appraisal is consistent with these courses

Hyperspectral imaging benchmark based on machine learning for intraoperative brain tumour detection

publishedVersio

Characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus newly treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists (CHADIG Study): a cross-sectional multicentre study in Spain

Objective: Several glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra) have been made recently available in Spain for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) treatment. There are no published data on the clinical and sociodemographic profile of patients initiating treatment with GLP-1Ra in Spain. Our objective was to understand these patients' characteristics in a real-world clinical practice setting. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Setting: Spanish specialist outpatient clinics. Participants: 403 adults with DM2 initiating GLP-1Ra treatment were included. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Sociodemographic and DM2-related clinical data, including treatment at and after GLP-1Ra initiation and comorbidities, were collected. Results: Evaluable patients (n=403; 50.9% female) were included ( July 2013 to March 2014) at 24 centres by 53 specialists (47 endocrinology, 6 internal medicine), with the following profile (value±SD): age (58.3±10.4 years), diabetes duration (9.9±7 years), body mass index (BMI; 36.2±5.5) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; 8.4±1.4%); 14% had HbA1c≤7%. Previous antidiabetic treatment: 53.8% only oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), 5.2% insulin and 40% insulin and OAD; of those receiving OAD, 35% single drug, 38.2% 2 drugs and 24% 3 drugs. Concomitant to GLP-1Ra, 55.3% were only on OAD, 36.2% on insulin and OAD, and 7.2% only on insulin. Of those receiving OAD, the GLP-1Ra was mainly associated with 1 drug (65%) or 2 drugs (31.8%). GLP-1Ra are frequently added to existing antidiabetic drugs, with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors being the OAD most frequently switched (45% receiving 1 before starting GLP-1Ra, only 2.7% receiving it concomitantly). Conclusions: In Spain, GLP-1Ra therapy is usually started in combination with OADs or OADs and insulin. These drugs are used in relatively young patients often not reaching therapeutic goals with other treatment combinations, roughly a decade after diagnosis and with a relatively high BMI. The latter could be explaine

Can scenario-planning support community-based natural resource management? Experiences from three countries in latin america

Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is a concept critical to managing socio-ecological systems, but whose implementation needs strengthening. Scenario-planning is one approach that may offer benefits relevant to CBNRM, but whose potential is not yet well understood. We therefore designed, trialled and evaluated a scenario-planning method intended to support CBNRM at three cases, located in Colombia, Mexico and Argentina. Implementing scenario-planning was judged as worthwhile in all three cases, although aspects of it could be challenging to facilitate. The benefits generated were relevant to strengthening CBNRM: encouraging the participation of local people and using their knowledge; enhanced consideration and adaption of future change; and supporting the development of systems thinking. Tracing exactly when and how these benefits arise is challenging, but two elements of the method seemed particularly useful. Firstly, using a systematic approach to discuss how drivers of change may affect local socio-ecological systems helped to foster systems thinking and identify connections between issues. Secondly, explicitly focusing on how to use and respond to scenarios helped identify specific practical activities ('response options') that would support CBNRM despite the pressures of future change. Discussions about response options also highlighted the need for support by other actors (e.g. policy groups): this raises the question of when and how other actors and other sources of knowledge should be involved in scenario-planning, so as to encourage their buy-in to actions identified by the process. We suggest other CBNRM initiatives may benefit from adapting and applying scenario-planning. However, these initiatives should be carefully monitored since further research is required to understand how and when scenario-planning methods may produce benefits, and their strengths and weaknesses versus other methods

SEPAR Recommendations for COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Respiratory Diseases

[ES] La Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR) ha elaborado este documento de recomendaciones sobre la vacuna para la COVID-19 en las enfermedades respiratorias, con el objetivo de ayudar al personal sanitario en la toma de decisiones sobre cómo actuar en la vacunación de estos pacientes. Las recomendaciones han sido elaboradas por un grupo de expertos en la materia, tras la revisión de la literatura recopilada hasta el 7 de marzo del 2021, y de la información aportada por distintas sociedades científicas, agencias del medicamento y estrategias de organismos gubernamentales hasta esa fecha. Podemos concluir que las vacunas para la COVID-19 no solo son seguras y eficaces, sino que, en aquellos pacientes vulnerables con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, son prioritarias. Además, la implicación activa de los profesionales sanitarios que manejan estas patologías en la estrategia de vacunación es clave para lograr una buena adherencia y coberturas vacunales elevadas.[EN] The Spanish Society of Pneumonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) has elaborated this document of recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with respiratory diseases aimed to help healthcare personnel make decisions about how to act in case of COVID-19 vaccination in these patients. The recommendations have been developed by a group of experts in this field after reviewing the materials published up to March 7, 2021, the information provided by different scientific societies, drug agencies and the strategies of the governmental bodies up to this date. We can conclude that COVID-19 vaccines are not only safe and effective, but also prior in vulnerable patients with chronic respiratory diseases. In addition, an active involvement of healthcare professionals, who manage these diseases, in the vaccination strategy is the key to achieve good adherence and high vaccination coverage