Koling: sistema térmico pediátrico para la prevención de complicaciones asociadas a la hipoxia neonatal

Este proyecto de grado tiene como objetivo principal diseñar un sistema de enfriamiento selectivo que en el ámbito médico es conocido como hipotermia controlada y es el tratamiento que en los últimos años ha demostrado ser la mejor opción para tratar la hipoxia en recién nacidos a término; es decir, la falta de oxígeno antes, durante y/o después del parto con el fin de evitar el inicio o el progreso de complicaciones asociadas a dicha patología -- Para lograr el objetivo planteado, la metodología utiliza información aportada por personal de la salud altamente calificado en la atención de neonatos tales como médicos, pediatras y enfermeras -- Se realizó una investigación de estudios clínicos y meta análisis así como revisión de conceptos vistos durante el pregrado de Ingeniería de Diseño de Producto -- El resultado final es un prototipo de un sistema compuesto por dos unidades para proporcionar una refrigeración selectiva del cerebro -- Se presentan los beneficios del diseño y se hacen recomendaciones para su adaptación a otras investigaciones similares realizadas en el futuro que permitan su implementación en las clínicas y hospitales de la ciuda

Systematic review of the psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures for foot and ankle in rheumatoid arthritis

Background Foot problems and pain are common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Patient-reported outcome measures provide a standardized method of capturing patients’ perspectives of their functional status and wellbeing. There are many instruments specific to people with feet affected by rheumatoid arthritis but knowledge of their psychometric validation or methodological quality is lacking Objectives To identify patient-reported outcome measures specific to the foot and ankle and rheumatoid arthritis and investigate their methodological quality and psychometric properties Design Systematic review. Data source : A search was conducted for psychometric or validation studies on patient-reported outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis published in different languages, by examining the Pubmed; Scopus, CINAHL; PEDro and Google Scholar databases. Review methods . The systematic review performed was based on the following inclusion criteria: psychometric or clinimetric validation studies on patient-reported outcomes specific to the foot and ankle that included patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. Two authors independently assessed the quality of the studies and extracted datas Results Of the initial 431 studies, fourteen instruments met the inclusion criteria. Significant methodological flaws were detected in most with only SEFAS met the COSMIN quality criteria. Conclusion SEFAS had the best quality and was ranked most appropriate for use with patients living with Rheumatoid Arthriti

Marco conceptual para el análisis de la gobernanza del agua en sistemas socio-ecológicos complejos : el caso de la cuenca del Río Mendoza

La comprensión de los procesos que conducen a mejoras en el manejo sustentable del recurso hídrico es limitada debido a que las disciplinas científicas utilizan diferentes conceptos y lenguajes para describir y explicar los complejos sistemas socio-ecológicos. Se necesita de un marco común clasificatorio que facilite y aúne los esfuerzos multidisciplinarios hacia su mejor comprensión. Se utiliza el marco conceptual diseñado por Elinor Ostrom para identificar diez variables del sistema socio-ecológico de la Cuenca del río Mendoza que pueden afectar la probabilidad de lograr una distribución del recurso lo más sustentable, eficiente y justa posible. Esta información puede ser de especial interés para los gestores del agua, hacedores de políticas, legisladores y ecologistas para su uso en el diseño de políticas dirigidas a mejorar la sustentabilidad de un sistema hídrico particular.Understanding of the processes that lead to improvements in the sustainable water resource management is limited, because scientific disciplines use different concepts and languages to describe and explain complex social-ecological systems. A common classificatory framework is needed to facilitate and combine multidisciplinary efforts towards better understanding of them. The general framework designed by Elinor Ostrom is used to identify ten variables of the social-ecological system of the Mendoza river basin that can affect the probability to achieve a sustainable, efficient and equality distribution of the resource. This information may be of particular use for water managers, policy makers, lawmakers, and ecologists in the design of policies aimed at improving the sustainability of a particular irrigation system.Fil: Farreras, Verónica. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Salvador, Pablo F.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.Fil: Elias, Guillermina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas.Fil: Marre, Mirta. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales.Fil: Ortega, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales.Fil: Stevanato, Ana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales

Growth of Co Nanomagnet Arrays with Enhanced Magnetic Anisotropy

A trigon structure formed by submonolayer gadolinium deposition onto Au(111) is revealed as a robust growth template for Co nanodot arrays. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism measurements evidence that the Co nanoislands behave as independent magnetic entities with an out-of-plane easy axis of anisotropy and enhanced magnetic anisotropy values, as compared to other self-organized Co nanodot superlattices. The large strain induced by the lattice mismatch at the interface between Co and trigons is discussed as the main reason for the increased magnetic anisotropy of the nanoislands.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia (L.F.), the Spanish Ministry of Economy (Grant MAT2013-46593-C6-4-P), the Basque Government (IT-621-13, IT-627-13), SAIOTEK (S-PE12UN095), and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SFB 1083 "Structure and Dynamics of Internal Interfaces" (L.F., F.S.). The authors additionally acknowledge DEIMOS beamline staff, specially P. Ohresser, and SOLEIL for provision of synchrotron radiation and the EU Calipso program for synchrotron access funding. The MBE chamber on DEIMOS was funded by the Agence National de la Recherche; grant ANR-05-NANO-073

Microrheology Of Gels Based On Polymers And On Different Colloidal Systems

Gels are ubiquitous materials in Biology and in many technological fields such as cosmetics, pharmacy, food, science. A distinctive feature of gels is their mechanical properties, which are intermediate between those of concentrated polymer solutions and of rigid solids. Focusing on the complex shear modulus, G*, the gelling point at a given temperature is frequently defined as the frequency at which the real, G’, and the imaginary, G”, contributions are equal. Understanding the gelling kinetics is another issue of key importance for designing gels under pre-specified conditions. A short cut in most papers G* is measured in a short low-range frequencies. Passive microrheology is a good tool for extending the frequency range. Despite it is only useful for the linear range, it has the advantage of enabling to probe the spatial heterogeneity. In this communication we will use passive microrheology and standard low-frequency rotational rheology to study the gelling kinetics of concentrate polysaccharide solutions at different concentration and temperatures. It has been found that the use of the extended Jeffrey’s model fits the results and allows one to calculate the short- and long-time node-node diffusion coefficients and mean node-node molecular weight. It was found that the mean-squared displacement does not only depends on the size of the particles, but also on their chemical nature because in some cases, e.g. TiO2, there can be strong particle-monomer interactions that slow down the motion of the microparticles. Similar studies have been done using gels based on colloidal systems such as lamellar phases or emulsions, including active molecules or not. More sophisticated systems are nano- or microgels inside liposomes or giant vesicles. In this case hyaluronic acid is encapsulated and then crosslinked by Fe3+ ions that diffuse through the phospholipidic membrane. In this case a heterogeneous gelling process takes place due to the gradient of Fe3+ ions from the membrane to the center of the capsule. Finally, gel-like materials are formed by adsorption of polyelectrolytes or their mixtures with surfactants from their aqueous solutions on solid substrates. Their mechanical properties at high frequencies can be estimated using a quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation. In most cases the values of G’ are in the MHz range despite the water content inside the adsorbed film can vary between 20 and 70 wt%. Despite it is possible to follow the adsorption kinetics, the precision on G’ does not allow following the gelling kinetics in terms of the shear modulus

T cells loaded with magnetic nanoparticles are retained in peripheral lymph nodes by the application of a magnetic field

T lymphocytes are highly dynamic elements of the immune system with a tightly regulated migration. T cell-based transfer therapies are promising therapeutic approaches which in vivo efficacy is often limited by the small proportion of administered cells that reaches the region of interest. Manipulating T cell localisation to improve specific targeting will increase the effectiveness of these therapies. Nanotechnology has been successfully used for localized release of drugs and biomolecules. In particular, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) loaded with biomolecules can be specifically targeted to a location by an external magnetic field (EMF). The present work studies whether MNP-loaded T cells could be targeted and retained in vitro and in vivo at a site of interest with an EMF.Results: T cells were unable to internalize the different MNPs used in this study, which remained in close association with the cell membrane. T cells loaded with an appropriate MNP concentration were attracted to an EMF and retained in an in vitro capillary flow-system. MNP-loaded T cells were also magnetically retained in the lymph nodes after adoptive transfer in in vivo models. This enhanced in vivo retention was in part due to the EMF application and to a reduced circulating cell speed within the organ. This combined use of MNPs and EMFs did not alter T cell viability or function.Conclusions: These studies reveal a promising approach to favour cell retention that could be implemented to improve cell- based therapy

Aproximación del Estado del Arte sobre: Importancia del valor patrimonial de sitios arqueológicos

El análisis del estado de arte que se realizó es acerca de la importancia y reconocimiento del valor patrimonial de sitios arqueológicos. El estudio tiene como finalidad generar investigación a partir de los vacíos cognoscitivos identificados, para presentar una propuesta de tema de tesis sobre la puesta en valor del sitio arqueológico ciudad perdida en las brisas Nueva Segovia. Producto de la revisión bibliográfica, se puede apreciar el porqué de la importancia histórica del patrimonio arqueológico para cimentar una identidad cultural como nación y también la problemática generada por el desaprovechamiento del potencial de desarrollo del sitio en cuestión

Wind wave footprint of tropical cyclones from satellite data

ABSTRACT: Tropical cyclones are associated with extreme winds, waves, and storm surge, being among most destructive natural phenomena. Developing capability for a rapid impact estimate is crucial for coastal applications and risk preparedness. When predicting waves characteristics associated to tropical cyclones, the traditional approach involves a two-step procedure (a) a Holland-type wind vortex model and (b) numerical simulations using a wave generation model, using buoy and satellite measurements for validation. In this work, we take advantage of the increasing amount of remote sensing observational data and propose a new empirical model to estimate the wind wave footprint of tropical cyclones. For this purpose, we construct a dataset with over a million satellite observations of waves triggered by tropical cyclones assuming a circular shape of the TC influence area and defining composites of significant wave height as a function of representative parameters of the track characteristics like the minimum pressure, its forward velocity, and its latitude. The validation against buoy data confirms the usefulness of the model for a first and rapid estimation of the wave footprint, although an underestimation of the most extreme events is observed due to the relatively small number of observations recorded. Due to its efficiency, the model can be applied for rapid estimations of wave footprints in operational systems, reconstruction of historical or synthetic events and risk assessments.This work would not have been possible without funding from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program's grant DOD/SERDP RC-2644 and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, project Beach4cast PID2019-107053RB-I00. Ana Rueda funded by a Juan de la Cierva Incorporación Scholarship (IJC2020-04390). Laura Cagigal is funded by a scholarship from the University of Auckland. Open access publishing facilitated by The University of Auckland, as part of the Wiley - The University of Auckland agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians

Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab as First-line Treatment for Patients With Metastatic Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With High Tumor Mutation Burden: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial

Bevacizumab; Lung neoplasms; Neoplasm metastasisBevacizumab; Neoplasias pulmonares; Metástasis neoplásicaBevacizumab; Càncer de pulmó; Metàstasi neoplàsicaImportance: Antiangiogenic drug combinations with anti-programmed cell death 1 protein and anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) agents are a novel treatment option for lung cancer. However, survival remains limited, and the activity of these combinations for tumors with high tumor mutation burden (TMB) is unknown. Objective: To assess the clinical benefits and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for patients with high-TMB advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Design, setting, and participants: This multicenter, single-arm, open-label, phase 2 nonrandomized controlled trial (Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab in First-Line NSCLC Patients [TELMA]) included treatment-naive patients aged 18 years or older with confirmed stage IIIB-IV nonsquamous NSCLC with TMB of 10 or more mutations/megabase and no EGFR, ALK, STK11, MDM2, or ROS1 alterations. From May 2019 through January 2021, patients were assessed at 13 sites in Spain, with follow-up until February 28, 2022. Interventions: Participants were given atezolizumab, 1200 mg, plus bevacizumab, 15 mg/kg, on day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Treatment was continued until documented disease progression, unacceptable toxic effects, patient withdrawal, investigator decision, or death. Main outcomes and measures: The primary end point was 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate (according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours, version 1.1 criteria); PFS was defined as the time from enrollment to disease progression or death. Adverse events were monitored according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Results: A total of 307 patients were assessed for trial eligibility, of whom 266 were ineligible for enrollment. Of the 41 patients enrolled, 3 did not fulfill all inclusion criteria and were excluded. The remaining 38 patients (28 [73.7%] male; mean [SD] age, 63.7 [8.3] years) constituted the per-protocol population. The 12-month PFS rate was 51.3% (95% CI, 34.2%-66.0%), which met the primary end point. The 12-month overall survival (OS) rate was 72.0% (95% CI, 54.1%-83.9%). The median PFS was 13.0 months (95% CI, 7.9-18.0 months), and the median OS was not reached. Of the 38 patients, 16 (42.1%) achieved an objective response and 30 (78.9%) achieved disease control. The median time to response was 2.8 months (IQR, 2.8-3.58 months), with a median duration of response of 11.7 months (range, 3.57-22.4 months; the response was ongoing at cutoff). Of 16 responses, 8 (50.0%) were ongoing. Most adverse events were grade 1 or 2. For atezolizumab, the most common adverse events were fatigue (6 [15.8%]) and pruritus (6 [15.8%]). For bevacizumab, they were hypertension (10 [26.3%]) and proteinuria (4 [10.5%]). Drug discontinuation occurred in 2 patients receiving atezolizumab (5.3%) and 3 patients receiving bevacizumab (7.9%). PD-L1 levels were not associated with response, PFS, or OS. Conclusions and relevance: These findings suggest that atezolizumab with bevacizumab is a potential treatment for high-TMB nonsquamous NSCLC

Non-canonical NFκB activation promotes chemokine expression in podocytes

TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) receptor Fn14 is expressed by podocytes and Fn14 deficiency protects from experimental proteinuric kidney disease. However, the downstream effectors of TWEAK/Fn14 in podocytes are poorly characterized. We have explored TWEAK activation of non-canonical NFκB signaling in cultured podocytes. In cultured podocytes, TWEAK increased the expression of the chemokines CCL21, CCL19 and RANTES in a time-dependent manner. The inhibitor of canonical NFκB activation parthenolide inhibited the CCL19 and the early RANTES responses, but not the CCL21 or late RANTES responses. In this regard, TWEAK induced non-canonical NFκB activation in podocytes, characterized by NFκB2/p100 processing to NFκB2/p52 and nuclear migration of RelB/p52. Silencing by a specific siRNA of NIK, the upstream kinase of the non-canonical NFκB pathway, prevented CCL21 upregulation but did not modulate CCL19 or RANTES expression in response to TWEAK, thus establishing CCL21 as a non-canonical NFκB target in podocytes. Increased kidney Fn14 and CCL21 expression was also observed in rat proteinuric kidney disease induced by puromycin, and was localized to podocytes. In conclusion, TWEAK activates the non-canonical NFκB pathway in podocytes, leading to upregulation of CCL21 expression. The non-canonical NFκB pathway should be explored as a potential therapeutic target in proteinuric kidney disease.Grants support: FEDER funds and FIS ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD12/0021, PI15/00298, PI13/00047, CP14/00133, CP12/03262, Spanish Society of Nephrology, FRIAT-IRSIN, Comunidad de Madrid (CIFRA S2010/ BMD-2378), CYTED IBERERC, Programa Intensificación Actividad Investigadora (ISCIII) to AO, Miguel Servet to MDSN and ABS and FIS to LVR and LG