Question Generation from Concept Maps

In this paper we present a question generation approach suitable for tutorial dialogues. The approach is based on previous psychological theories that hypothesize questions are generated from a knowledge representation modeled as a concept map. Our model automatically extracts concept maps from a textbook and uses them to generate questions. The purpose of the study is to generate and evaluate pedagogically-appropriate questions at varying levels of specificity across one or more sentences. The evaluation metrics include scales from the Question Generation Shared Task and Evaluation Challenge and a new scale specific to the pedagogical nature of questions in tutoring

Role of material properties and mesostructure on dynamic deformation and shear instability in Al-W granular composites

Dynamic experiments with Al-W granular/porous composites revealed qualitatively different behavior with respect to shear localization depending on bonding between Al particles. Two-dimensional numerical modeling was used to explore the mesomechanics of the large strain dynamic deformation in Al-W granular/porous composites and explain the experimentally observed differences in shear localization between composites with various mesostructures. Specifically, the bonding between the Al particles, the porosity, the roles of the relative particle sizes of Al and W, the arrangements of the W particles, and the material properties of Al were investigated using numerical calculations. It was demonstrated in simulations that the bonding between the "soft" Al particles facilitated shear localization as seen in the experiments. Numerical calculations and experiments revealed that the mechanism of the shear localization in granular composites is mainly due to the local high strain flow of "soft" Al around the "rigid" W particles causing localized damage accumulation and subsequent growth of the meso/macro shear bands/cracks. The "rigid" W particles were the major geometrical factor determining the initiation and propagation of "kinked" shear bands in the matrix of "soft" Al particles, leaving some areas free of extensive plastic deformation as observed in experiments and numerical calculations.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, submitted to Journal of Applied Physic

Flamingo Vol. I N 3

Voo-Doo. Untitled. Prose. 1. Widow. Untitled. Prose. 1. Tiger. Untitled. Prose. 1. Purple Cow. Untitled. Prose. 1. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 1. Life. Untitled. Prose. 2. Yale Record. Untitled. Prose. 2. Voo-Doo. Untitled. Prose. 2. Sour Owl. Untitled. Prose. 2. Puppet. Untitled. Prose. 2. Sun Dial. Untitled. Prose. 2. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 2. Nottingham, Ruth. Teddy . Prose. 5. Grogan. Untitled. Picture. 7. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 7. Anonymous. An Easy One . Prose. 7. Anonymous. How Terrible! Prose. 7. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 7. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 7. F.H.G. Untitled. Picture. 7. Wood, J.E.F. When mother Went to College . Prose. 8. E.D.T. Chicago Corn Exchange . Poem. 8. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 8. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 8. Anonymous. All But . Prose. 8. R.D.B. Roscoe to The Rescue . Prose. 9. Leet, L.D. On The Efficacy of Dreams . Prose. 10. Orange Ade. The Fable of the Coffin Nailer . Prose. 11. Orange Ade. Time Wasted . Prose. 11. Orange Ade. The Americanized Boy . Prose. 11. Orange Ade. Anything to Oblige . Prose. 11. Orange Ade. Tit For Tat . Prose. 11. Orange Ade. Good Alibi . Prose. 11. Orange Ade. Untitled. Prose. 11. Grogan. Untitled. Picture. 11. Lusk, R.G. On The Absurdity of Catching Fish When A-Fishing . Prose. 12. Anonymous. Co-eds and Plain Eds in 1950 . Picture. 13. Potter, W.M. Letters of A Japanese Sandman . Prose. 13. Anonymous. Ex Facultate . Prose. 13. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 13. R.J.S. An Uplifting Influence . Picture. 13. Anonymous. Consider the Luxite Girl . Poem. 14. Anonymous. Shades of Orpheus . Poem. 14. Anonymous. With The Gospel Team . Poem. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 14. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 14. Anonymous. A Dirty Trick . Prose. 14. Taylor, Elsie D. Vestigial Customs . Prose. 15. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 16. Anonymous. A New version of Anthropology . Prose. 18. Anonymous. A New version of Anthropology . Picture. 18. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 18. Funk, Dorothy K. Untitled. Picture. 18. Anonymous. A Deep one . Prose. 18. Anonymous. Take His Name . Prose. 18. Olney, Clarke. The Evolution of An Intellectual . Prose. 19. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 19. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 20. W.A.W. On Getting Up For Breakfast . Prose. 20. McCann. Untitled. Picture. 21. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 21. Anonymous. S.S.S. . Prose. 21. Anonymous. The Judge Disagreed . Prose. 21. Anonymous. The Modern Woman . Prose. 21. Anonymous. Denison Slang in Japan . Prose. 22. Anonymous. Being Specific . Prose. 22. Anonymous. Then The Fun Began . Prose. 22. Anonymous. Then The Fun Began . Prose. 22. Anonymous. Chess Nuts . Poem. 22. Anonymous. Chess Nuts . Picture. 22. Funk, Dorothy K. Untitled. Picture. 22. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 22. Reel, Virginia. Untitled. Prose. 22. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 23. Anonymous. Take This to Heart . Prose. 23. Anonymous. Stepping Out . Picture. 23. Olney, Clarke. Untitled. Picture. 23. Anonymous. To Lalage . Prose. 23. Anonymous. Untitled. Poem. 24. Anonymous. Description of the Day . Prose. 25. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 25. Voo-Doo. Good Bizziness . Prose. 26. Anonymous. Fore! . Prose. 26. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 26. Brelsford, Ernest C. Souveniring . Prose. 27. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 30. Burr. Sweet Dreams . Prose. 30. Jester. Untitled. Prose. 30. Judge. Untitled. Prose. 30. Goblin. Untitled. Prose. 30. Cracker. Sanitation . Poem. 32. Anonymous. Untitled. Prose. 32. Jester. Untitled. Prose. 32. Goblin. Untitled. Prose. 32. Record. Untitled. Prose. 32. Linotype. Untitled. Prose. 32. Holt, Kilburn. The Schemer\u27s Lament . Poem. 7. Owen, Ernest t. Mother . Poem. 3. Owen, Ernest T. To--- . Poem. 24

Preliminary Integrated Chronostratigraphy of the AND-2A Core, ANDRILL Southern McMurdo Sound Project, Antarctica

We use all available chronostratigraphic constraints – biostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, radioisotopic dates, strontium-isotope stratigraphy, and correlation of compositional and physical properties to well-dated global or regional records – to construct a preliminary age model for ANDRILL SMS Project’s AND-2A drillcore (77°45.488’S, 165°16.605’E, 383.57 m water depth). These diverse chronostratigraphic constraints are consistent with each other and are distributed throughout the 1138.54 m-thick section, resulting in a well-constrained age model. The sedimentary succession comprises a thick early and middle Miocene section below 224.82 mbsf and a condensed middle/late Miocene to Recent section above this. The youngest sediments are Brunhes age (<0.781 Ma), as confirmed by a radioisotopic age of 0.691±0.049 Ma at 10.23 mbsf and the occurrence of sediments that have normal magnetic polarity down to ~31.1 mbsf, which is interpreted to be the Brunhes/Matuyama reversal (0.781 Ma). The upper section is punctuated by disconformities resulting from both discontinuous deposition and periods of extensive erosion typical of sedimentary environments at the margin of a dynamic ice sheet. Additional breaks in the section may be due to the influence of tectonic processes. The age model incorporates several major hiatuses but their precise depths are still somewhat uncertain, as there are a large number of erosional surfaces identified within the stratigraphic section. One or more hiatuses, which represent a total 7 to 8 million years of time missing from the sedimentary record, occur between about 50 mbsf and the base of Lithostratigraphic Unit (LSU) 3 at 122.86 mbsf. Similarly, between about 145 mbsf and the base of LSU 4 at 224.82 mbsf, one or more hiatuses occur on which another 2 to 3 million years of the sedimentary record is missing. Support for the presence of these hiatuses comes from a diatom assemblage that constrains the age of the core from 44 to 50 mbsf to 2.06-2.84 Ma, two radioisotopic dates (11.4 Ma) and a Sr‑isotope date (11.7 Ma) that indicate the interval from 127 to 145 mbsf was deposited between 11.4 and 11.7 Ma, and three diatom occurrence datums from between 225.38 and 278.55 mbsf that constrain the age of this upper part of Lithostratigraphic Unit (LSU) 5 to 14.29 - 15.89 Ma. Below the boundary between LSU 5 and 6 sedimentation was relatively continuous and rapid and the age model is well-constrained by 9 diatom datums, seven 40Ar-39Ar dates, one Sr-isotope date, and 19 magnetozones. Even so, short hiatuses (less than a few hundred thousand years) undoubtedly occur but are beyond the resolution of current chronostratigraphic age constraints. Diatom first and last occurrence datums provide particularly good age control from the top of LSU 6 down to 771.5 mbsf (in LSU 10), where the First Occurrence (FO) of Thalassiosira praefraga (18.85 Ma) is observed. The diatom datum ages are supported by radioisotopic dates of 17.30±0.31 Ma at 640.14 mbsf (in LSU 9) and 18.15±0.35 and 17.93±0.40 Ma for samples from 709.15 and 709.18 mbsf (in LSU 10), respectively, and 18.71±0.33 Ma for a sample from 831.67 mbsf (in LSU 11). The sediments from 783.69 mbsf to the base of the hole comprise two thick normal polarity magnetozones that bound a thinner reversed polarity magnetozone (958.59 - 985.64 mbsf). This polarity sequence most likely encompasses Chrons C5En, C5Er, and C6n (18.056 - 19.772 Ma or slightly older given uncertainties in this section of the geomagnetic polarity timescale), but could be also be Chrons C6n, C6r, and C6An.1n (18.748 - 20.213 Ma). Either polarity sequence is compatible with the 40Ar–39Ar age of 20.01±0.35 Ma obtained from single-grain analyses of alkali feldspar from a tephra sample from a depth of 1093.02 mbsf, although the younger interpretation allows a better fit with chronostratigraphic data up-core. Given this age model, the mean sedimentation rate is about 18 cm/k.y. from the top of LSU 6 to the base of the hole.Published221-2202.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismoN/A or not JCRreserve

The not-so-barren ranges

© Thesis Eleven Pty, Ltd., SAGE Publications. This is an impressionistic and informal essay written near the end of a novelist's Australia Research Council funded research project: 'Developing narratives from language and stories indigenous to the south coast of Western Australia', and informed by how that research project morphed into an emphasis on revitalization of Noongar language, and the attempt to restore connections between a particular Creation Story and landscape in an area regarded as 'massacre territory'. A sympathetic reader might think of the topic as 'The Wirlomin Noongar Language and Stories Project meets The Barren Ranges'

Cenozoic Antarctic DiatomWare/BugCam: An aid for research and teaching

Cenozoic Antarctic DiatomWare/BugCam© is an interactive, icon-driven digital-imagedatabase/software package that displays over 500 illustrated Cenozoic Antarctic diatom taxa along with original descriptions (including over 100 generic and 20 family-group descriptions). This digital catalog is designed primarily for use by micropaleontologists working in the field (at sea or on the Antarctic continent) where hard-copy literature resources are limited. This new package will also be useful for classroom/lab teaching as well as for any paleontologists making or refining taxonomic identifications at the microscope. The database (Cenozoic Antarctic DiatomWare) is displayed via a custom software program (BugCam) written in Visual Basic for use on PCs running Windows 95 or later operating systems. BugCam is a flexible image display program that utilizes an intuitive thumbnail “tree” structure for navigation through the database. The data are stored on Micrsosoft EXCEL spread sheets, hence no separate relational database program is necessary to run the package

Conduction in ulnar nerve bundles that innervate the proximal and distal muscles: a clinical trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study aims to investigate and compare the conduction parameters of nerve bundles in the ulnar nerve that innervates the forearm muscles and hand muscles; routine electromyography study merely evaluates the nerve segment of distal (hand) muscles.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An electrophysiological evaluation, consisting of velocities, amplitudes, and durations of ulnar nerve bundles to 2 forearm muscles and the hypothenar muscles was performed on the same humeral segment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The velocities and durations of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the ulnar nerve bundle to the proximal muscles were greater than to distal muscles, but the amplitudes were smaller.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Bundles in the ulnar nerve of proximal muscles have larger neuronal bodies and thicker nerve fibers than those in the same nerve in distal muscles, and their conduction velocities are higher. The CMAPs of proximal muscles also have smaller amplitudes and greater durations. These findings can be attributed to the desynchronization that is caused by a wider range of distribution in nerve fiber diameters.</p> <p>Conduction parameters of nerve fibers with different diameters in the same peripheral nerve can be estimated.</p

Elevated glutamine/glutamate ratio in cerebrospinal fluid of first episode and drug naive schizophrenic patients

BACKGROUND: Recent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies report that glutamine is altered in the brains of schizophrenic patients. There were also conflicting findings on glutamate in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of schizophrenic patients, and absent for glutamine. This study aims to clarify the question of glutamine and glutamate in CSF of first episode and drug naive schizophrenic patients. METHOD: Levels of glutamine and glutamate in CSF of 25 first episode and drug-naive male schizophrenic patients and 17 age-matched male healthy controls were measured by a high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The ratio (126.1 (median), 117.7 ± 27.4 (mean ± S.D.)) of glutamine to glutamate in the CSF of patients was significantly (z = -3.29, p = 0.001) higher than that (81.01 (median), 89.1 ± 22.5 (mean ± S.D.)) of normal controls although each level of glutamine and glutamate in patients was not different from that of normal controls. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that a disfunction in glutamate-glutamine cycle in the brain may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia

Dysconnection in schizophrenia: from abnormal synaptic plasticity to failures of self-monitoring

Over the last 2 decades, a large number of neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies of patients with schizophrenia have furnished in vivo evidence for dysconnectivity, ie, abnormal functional integration of brain processes. While the evidence for dysconnectivity in schizophrenia is strong, its etiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and significance for clinical symptoms are unclear. First, dysconnectivity could result from aberrant wiring of connections during development, from aberrant synaptic plasticity, or from both. Second, it is not clear how schizophrenic symptoms can be understood mechanistically as a consequence of dysconnectivity. Third, if dysconnectivity is the primary pathophysiology, and not just an epiphenomenon, then it should provide a mechanistic explanation for known empirical facts about schizophrenia. This article addresses these 3 issues in the framework of the dysconnection hypothesis. This theory postulates that the core pathology in schizophrenia resides in aberrant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)–mediated synaptic plasticity due to abnormal regulation of NMDARs by neuromodulatory transmitters like dopamine, serotonin, or acetylcholine. We argue that this neurobiological mechanism can explain failures of self-monitoring, leading to a mechanistic explanation for first-rank symptoms as pathognomonic features of schizophrenia, and may provide a basis for future diagnostic classifications with physiologically defined patient subgroups. Finally, we test the explanatory power of our theory against a list of empirical facts about schizophrenia

Excitatory Amino Acids Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75512/1/j.1750-3639.1992.tb00697.x.pd