The phenomenology of the unconscious in the work of Machado de Assis

In this article we seek, firstly, to elucidate how Machado de Assis developed the conception of the unconscious in the novel Helena (1876) and in the short story Uma senhora (1883). Secondly, we examine how his conception of unconscious can be elucidated phenomenologically, from the relation between reflective and pre-reflective awareness. In these narratives, Machado reveals how certain emotions, although not reflectively apprehended by the subject who lives them, manifest indirectly in actions, in body expressions and in the understanding of the world.Neste artigo buscamos, em primeiro lugar, elucidar como Machado de Assis desenvolveu a concepção de inconsciente no romance Helena (1876) e no conto Uma senhora (1883). Em segundo lugar, examinamos como sua concepção de inconsciente pode ser elucidada fenomenologicamente, a partir da relação entre consciência reflexiva e pré-reflexiva. Nestas narrativas, Machado revela como certas emoções, embora não sejam apreendidas reflexivamente pelo sujeito que as vive, manifestam-se indiretamente nas ações, nas expressões corporais e no modo de compreender o mundo

Psicología eidética y teoría del conocimiento en Investigaciones lógicas, de Husserl

In Logical Investigations, published by Husserl in 1900/1901, the phenomenology is understood as a peculiar form of descriptive psychology, elaborated to serve as a foundation for the theory of knowledge. The peculiarity of this descriptive psychology is that it would be able to achieve a priori knowledge on the psyche. In this article, we try to show, in contrast to the classical empiricism of the 16th and 17th century and the Kant’s transcendental idealism, the peculiarity of the psychological method in Logical Investigations, as well as the reasons by which this method was founded as the basis for the theory of knowledge.En Recherches logiques, publiés par Husserl en 1900/1901, la phénoménologie est comprise comme une forme particulière de la psychologie descriptive, mis au point pour servir de base pour la théorie de la connaissance. La particularité de cette psychologie descriptive est qu’il serait en mesure d’atteindre une connaissance a priori sur le psychisme. Nous avons essayé de montrer, en contraste avec l’empirisme classique du XVIe et XVIIe siècles et l’idéalisme transcendantal de Kant, la particularité de cette méthode psychologique présent dans les Recherches logiques et le sens dans lequel cette méthode a été mise comme le fondement de la théorie de la connaissance.En Investigaciones lógicas, de Husserl publicada en 1900/1901, se entiende la fenomenología como una forma peculiar de la psicología descriptiva, desarrollada para servir como base en la teoría del conocimiento. La peculiaridad de esta psicología descriptiva es que sería capaz de lograr un conocimiento a priori sobre la psique. En este texto se pretende mostrar, en contraste con el empirismo clásico de los siglos XVI y XVII y el idealismo trascendental de Kant, la peculiaridad de este método psicológico en esta obra y el sentido en que este método fue puesto como fundamento de la teoría del conocimiento.Nas Investigações lógicas, publicadas por Husserl em 1900/1901, a fenomenologia é entendida como uma forma peculiar de psicologia descritiva, elaborada a fim de servir de fundamento da teoria do conhecimento. A peculiaridade dessa psicologia descritiva é que ela seria capaz de alcançar conhecimentos a priori sobre a psique. Neste artigo, procuramos mostrar, em contraste com o empirismo clássico dos séculos XVI e XVII e o idealismo transcendental kantiano, a peculiaridade do método psicológico presente nas Investigações lógicas, bem como o sentido pelo qual esse método foi posto como fundamento da teoria do conhecimento

Understanding preferences for nature based and sustainable tourism. The role of personal values and general and specific environmental attitudes

This paper reports the results of a study which investigated the social psychological correlates of people’s preferences for sustainable and unsustainable tourism activities. Two-hundred-eighty-two participants from two Italian cities responded to a questionnaire which recorded their tourism preferences, their general pro-environmental attitudes and values, and their specific attitudes towards sustainable tourism. Results showed positive correlations among the constructs considered. Groups of participants differing in their tourism preferences were also identified and the paper discusses the way in which the social psychological variables considered here may be used to plan adequate strategies and management instruments able to address crucial issues of sustainability in tourism, including, for example, tourists’ ecological behaviors “on site” and their educational needs

Targeting SUMO E1 to ubiquitin ligases: a viral strategy to counteract sumoylation.

SUMO-1 (small ubiquitin-related modifier-1) is a ubiquitin-like family member that is conjugated to its substrates through three discrete enzymatic steps, activation (involving the E1 enzyme (SAE1/SAE2)), conjugation (involving the E2 enzyme), and substrate modification (through the cooperation of the E2 and E3 protein ligases). The adenoviral protein Gam1 inactivates E1, both in vitro and in vivo, followed by SAE1/SAE2 degradation. We have shown here that Gam1 possesses a C-terminal SOCS domain that allows its interaction with two cellular cullin RING (really interesting new gene) ubiquitin ligases. We demonstrate that Gam1 is necessary for the recruitment of SAE1/SAE2 into Cul2/5-EloB/C-Roc1 ubiquitin ligase complexes and for subsequent SAE1 ubiquitylation and degradation. The degradation of SAE2 is not tightly related to Gam1 but is a consequent effect of SAE1 disappearance. These results reveal the mechanism by which a viral protein inactivates and subsequently degrades an essential cellular enzyme, arresting a key regulatory pathway

Are e-bikes changing the social representation of cycling? An exploration of articles on cycling in Italian online publications

Despite policies aimed at increasing bicycle use, and the health benefits identified in the literature, cycling mobility is still quite limited in most cities. A cultural transformation is needed to change this situation. E-bikes might be capable of triggering this change, and turning the proposition of cycling into the preferred choice for everyday mobility. To explore this possibility, the present study extends a previous analysis conducted on the representation of cycling in Italian media, and further investigates its content as regards e-bikes. We identified a textual corpus of 3,239 articles dealing with bicycles published in Italian online publications in 2017 and subjected them to lexicometric analyses. The representation of cycling was found to be stable and only marginally fit the envisaged change in the mobility paradigm. Coverage revolved around a few main themes: infrastructure, mobility, and security and safety. The subcorpus relating to e-bikes (N = 200) showed that the representation of e-bikes added to the dominant representation of cycling without transforming it. Despite their still largely utilitarian and structural contents, the appearance of new perspectives relating to sustainable urban mobility associated with e-bikes introduces novelty in the representation of cycling that deserves to be carefully monitored

Potential preferences for alternative forms of sustainable tourism: The case of rural and intergenerational tourism.

This chapter gives a social-psychological analysis of tourists’ preferences and experiences concerning alternative (more sustainable) forms of tourism. After a discussion of the principles and definitions of sustainable tourism, the literature on tourists’ preferences for sustainable tourism will be reviewed and the potentialities of alternative forms of tourism for tourism sustainability will be highlighted. Subsequently, two examples of alternative tourism experiences will be introduced and critically discussed in the light of such literature: the case of rural tourism and that of intergenerational tourism. The former is considered to be promising form of tourism able to improve the culture and the economy of rural areas and agricultural production. An interesting case is that of China. During the last 20 years, thanks to a policy of governmental incentives, some Chinese rural areas have seen the birth and progressive growth of various models of rural tourism. These combine the tourists-citizens needs to experience a style of simple life and the enhancement of agriculture. This chapter will present and analyse the framework and the characteristics of that type of sustainable tourism. The second kind of alternative tourism (intergenerational tourism) refers to the tourism experiences ideated by the Italian Laboratory for Intergenerational Meetings and implemented over the past twenty years in various Italian cities. In a time when relationships among generational groups are mostly superficial or non-existent, the Laboratory has proposed a series of research/experimentations of tourism activities aimed at reducing the distance between groups of different generations. An interconnected set of activities combining indoor (e.g., computer lab, theatrical performances) and outdoor (e.g., explorations of historic and natural trails) experiences have been devised to foster communication among participants of different ages and to strengthen their relationships by reducing reciprocal prejudices and stereotypes. The chapter will sum up the results of the investigations carried out during the many research/experimentations that have taken place over the years

Modulation of c-Jun NH2-Terminal (JNK) by Cholinergic Autoantibodies from Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome

Background: We wanted to determine (via an immunopharmacological approach) whether the c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) cascade is phosphorylated in the submandibular gland by carbachol and cholinergic autoantibodies (IgG) present in the sera of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) by interaction and activation of salivary gland muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Methods: The JNK, PGE2 and NOS assays were measured in rat sub- mandibular gland with pSS IgG and carbachol alone or in the presence of different blocker agents. Results: pSS IgG- activated M3 mAChRs stimulated JNK phosphorylation whereas the activation of M1 mAChRs by carbachol stimulated JNK phosphorylation involving calcium-activated mechanism. The intracellular pathway leading to pSS IgG-induced biological effects on JNK activity involved activation of protein kinase C (PKC), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes. Also, activation of COX-2 and COX-1 by pSS IgG and carbachol-induced PGE2 generation were involved. Conclusion: These results may contribute to better understanding the modulatory role of JNK enzymes by cholinergic autoantibodies from pSS patients acting on mAChR in rat submandibular gland.Fil: Borda, Enri Santiago. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Passafaro, Daniela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; ArgentinaFil: Reina, Silvia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Sterin Borda, Leonor. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Farmacología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Psicologismo e psicología em Edmund Husserl

O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar a crítica ao psicologismo de Edmund Husserl paraavaliar sua posição no que diz respeito à psicologia empírica. Procurarei mostrar, em primeirolugar, que Husserl, em Investigações lógicas, tem como alvo o psicologismo lógico e umadeterminada forma de psicologismo epistemológico. Em segundo lugar, buscarei mostrar quea fundamentação epistemológica da lógica pura, como ciência teórica, implica em uma teoriada subjetividade. Um dos objetivos de Husserl em Investigações lógicas é empregar afenomenologia, entendida como forma peculiar de psicologia descritiva, para elaborar umanova teoria da subjetividade, por meio de uma análise descritiva das vivências envolvidas naobtenção do conhecimento teórico. Depois irei discutir o lugar que a psicologia empírica passaa ocupar depois da crítica ao psicologismo em Investigações lógicas

Sobre o processo de transposição de textos verbais para textos sincréticos: o fluxo textual entre literatura, cinema e televisão

The possibility of a detailed study of the creative process of TV miniseries based on the transposition of literary works, instigated us to want to understand in a more rigorous way the relation between Literature and Cinema, Literature and Television. In this sense, this article shows some fundamental and general considerations for the understanding of the process of transposition and approximation of verbal texts and syncretical texts, based on the way in which the brazilian director Luiz Fernando Carvalho establishes a constant text flow between different languages and different media.A possibilidade de um estudo pormenorizado sobre o processo criativo de minisséries televisivas, baseadas na transposição de obras literárias, instigou-nos a querer compreender, de forma mais rigorosa, as relações existentes entre Literatura e Cinema, Literatura e Televisão. Nesse sentido, este artigo apresenta algumas considerações fundamentais e gerais para o entendimento sobre o processo de transposição e aproximação de textos verbais para textos sincréticos, a partir do modo como o diretor brasileiro Luiz Fernando Carvalho estabelece um constante fluxo textual entre diferentes linguagens e diferentes suportes

A NARRATIVA IMPRESSIONISTA DO ESCRITOR MACHADO DE ASSIS E ATITUDE EXPRESSIONISTA DO DIRETOR LUIZ FERNANDO CARVALHO

As a reader of the impressionist narrative of the author Machado de Assis, the director Luiz Fernando Carvalho, when adapting the novel Dom Casmurro (1899) to the television mini-series Capitu (2008), sought to keep the imprecision in the narration, and the synesthetic and suggestive exploration in the telling. But, when working on the aesthetic process of his adaptation, he decided to deeply explore the feature of the characters in a deforming, stylized, grotesque and caricatured way, that was much closer to an attitude considered expressionist than impressionist. Thus, as the aim of this paper is to demonstrate the option made by the director towards an expressionist attitude in the characterization of a syncretic narrator, as an example, we infer that there is the destruction of the conventional reality of the means he used and the creation of a certain effect of strangeness produced by the almost insane lucubrations of the narrator. He almost glues himself to the camera, interacts with the scene that happened in a distant past. Progressively, the narrator speaks in every corner, inside a dark space, permeated by shadows, creating, in this way, the phantasmagoria of a tormented inner self. Thus, the exaggeration of the human condition is emphasized by the expressionist point of view, engendering a transfiguring potential of thinking, acting and being in the world. Therefore, it seems that the grotesque, used as a formal solution to hyperbolize such expressionist attitude, is present from the make-up to the positioning in the scene, allowing us to amplify and engender other possibilities for reading this already much studied literary work, but that is constantly revisited because of its polysemy and contemporariness.Enquanto leitor da narrativa impressionista do escritor Machado de Assis, o diretor Luiz Fernando Carvalho, ao transpor o romance Dom Casmurro (1899) para o suporte televisivo, - realizando a minissérie Capitu (2008) -, procurou manter a imprecisão no narrar, a exploração sinestésica e sugestiva no contar, mas, ao lançar seu ponto de vista sobre o processo estético de sua realização, explorou carregar no traço, deformando, estilizadamente, as personagens de modo grotesco, caricaturesco, muito mais próximo de uma atitude dita expressionista do que impressionista. Assim, ao procurarmos demonstrar, com este trabalho, a opção feita pelo diretor por uma atitude expressionista na caracterização do narrador sincrético, como exemplo, inferimos uma destruição na realidade convencional dos meios mobilizados e um certo efeito de estranhamento produzido com as elucubrações quase ensandecidas de um narrador que quase cola-se na câmera, interage dentro da própria cena ocorrida em um passado longínquo e, progressivamente, fala por todos os cantos, dentro de um espaço sombrio, permeado de sombras, figurativizando, assim, a própria fantasmagoria de eu interior atormentado.  Enfatiza-se, assim, o exagero da condição humana, pelo viés expressionista, engendrando uma potencialidade transfiguradora do pensar, do agir, do estar/ser no mundo. Verifica-se, portanto, que o grotesco, trabalhado enquanto solução formal para hiperbolizar tal atitude expressionista, figura-se desde a maquiagem até o posicionar-se em cena, permitindo-nos ampliar e engendrar outras possibilidades de leitura para uma obra já tão estudada, mas, constantemente, retomada por sua plurissignificação e por sua atualidade