Plan de seguridad y salud ocupacional para disminuir accidentes de trabajo de la empresa agroindustrial Agualima SAC, Virú, 2018

La presente investigación titulada “Plan de seguridad y salud ocupacional para disminuir accidentes de trabajo de la empresa agroindustrial Agualima SAC, Virú, 2018”, enmarcado en las teorías de PLAN DE SEGURIDAD Y SALUD OCUPACIONAL; para lo cual empleó el método deductivo, con una investigación de experimental), aplicándolo a una población o muestra de 63 trabajadores. Para lo cual se empleó los indices de accidentabilidad de la empresa AGUALIMA SAC que mostraban la deficiencia del plan de seguridad y salud es por el que se implemento un plan de trabajo enfocado a reducir los indices expuestos Obteniendo como principales resultados la disminución de accidentes posterior a la implementación del Sistema de Seguridad, se determinó mejoras significativas en los 3 indicadores, además el % de los accidentes del 2017 al 2018 se redujo del 212 disminuyeron del 128, esto representa aproximadamente el 60.5%. Lo que me permite concluir que aplicando un plan anual de identificación de riesgos a la totalidad de las áreas de la empresa en los períodos de tiempo siguiente, a fin de reducir los accidentes y riesgos laborales al mínimo

Estudio comparativo de casos y controles concurrentes entre hernioplastia intraperitoneal laparoscópica y hernioplastia intraperitoneal abierta

ResumenIntroducciónLa hernioplastia incisional laparoscópica en casos seleccionados presenta evidentes ventajas en términos de recuperación posoperatoria y complicaciones, y es comparable en términos de recurrencia; sin embargo, esta técnica no constituye la técnica de elección en la reparación de las hernias incisionales. En el presente estudio proponemos la hernioplastia laparoscópica como la técnica de elección en hernias incisionales primarias de la línea media supraumbilical con un anillo herniario no mayor de 10cm sin pérdida de domicilio.Pacientes y métodoEstudio prospectivo descriptivo de casos y controles consecutivos seleccionados de pacientes operados de hernia incisional mediante técnica laparoscópica y técnica abierta, en cuyo seguimiento y evaluación se aplicaron instrumentos de medición de resultados y complicaciones, previamente descritos y validados, sin intervención directa en los resultados quirúrgicos de la muestra en estudio.ResultadosSe estudiaron 112 pacientes con hernias incisionales de tipo M2, de los cuales 28 fueron operados con cirugía laparoscópica y 84 con cirugía abierta. Ambos grupos fueron comparables en términos de características generales de los pacientes y de sus hernias. Las complicaciones fueron más frecuentes en el grupo de pacientes operados mediante la técnica abierta, y las relacionadas con piel fueron las más importantes. Todos los pacientes cumplieron con el seguimiento de 2 años. En este periodo se midieron los resultados con el instrumento disponible. Se evidenciaron como mejores resultados los de la técnica laparoscópica.ConclusionesLos resultados de la hernioplastia laparoscópica en hernias incisionales seleccionadas de la línea media supraumbilical demuestran la superioridad de esta técnica sobre la hernioplastia intraperitoneal abierta.AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic incisional hernioplasty has demonstrated advantages in selected cases in terms of postoperative recuperation and complications, and it is comparable in recurrence to open incisional hernioplasty; however, this technique does not constitute the gold standard for incisional hernia repair. We recommend that laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty should be considered the gold standard technique to repair upper midline incisional hernias with rings of less than 10cm and without loss of domain.Patients and methodsProspective case-control study of patients operated for incisional hernia with laparoscopic and open techniques that were followed-up with previously validated instruments for the measurement of incisional hernia outcomes and postoperative complications, without direct intervention over the study population.ResultsOne-hundred twelve patients with M2 incisional hernia were included, of them 28 were submitted to laparoscopic surgery and 84 to open surgery. Both groups of patients were comparable in their general and hernia characteristics. Complications were more common in patients submitted to open surgery, being skin-related complications the most frequent. All patients complied with the two-year follow-up. During this period, outcomes were measured with the available instrument, evidencing the better outcomes of the laparoscopic technique.ConclusionsThe outcomes of laparoscopic incisional hernioplasty in selected upper midline hernias showed the superiority of this technique compared with the open technique

Applicability of magnetic fabrics in rocks associated with the emplacement of salt structures (the Bicorb-Quesa and Navarrés salt walls, Prebetics, SE Spain)

This work assesses the applicability of the analysis of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) to rocks associated with salt structures.Magnetic fabrics from16 sites sampled on Upper Triassic clays (Keuper facies) interbedded within the salt layers of the Bicorb-Quesa and Navarrés saltwalls (Prebetic Zone, SE Spain) aremostly characterized by oblate magnetic ellipsoids with theirmagnetic foliation parallel to the bedding andmagnetic lineation contained in the bedding plane but without a constant relationship with dip direction. To evaluate the quality and significance of the low-field AMS, several experiments were carried out to characterize the magnetic mineralogy of representative samples and enable separation of the contributions from paramagnetic and ferromagnetic (s.l.) minerals. The comparison between the orientation of the observed magnetic lineation and that of the structural elements characterizing the internal geometry of the studied salt structures (antiforms, minor folds, faults and shear zones) and flanks indicates that the magnetic fabric is controlled by deformation processes affecting the salt walls during their growth and/or evolution. Samples were also analyzed from sixteen sites from Miocene rocks outcropping in several syn-diapiric Miocene half-grabens related to the salt walls studied. Their magnetic fabric is interpreted to reflect the dominant stretching direction at the syn-diapiric half grabens during and/or shortly after deposition. Our results indicate that caution is required in interpreting magnetic lineations related to salt flow mechanics from rocks associated with salt structures

Reformulating Pro-Oxidant Microglia in Neurodegeneration

In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are central events. Recent genome-wide transcriptomic analyses of microglial cells under different disease conditions have uncovered a new subpopulation named disease-associated microglia (DAM). These studies have challenged the classical view of the microglia polarization state's proinflammatory M1 (classical activation) and immunosuppressive M2 (alternative activation). Molecular signatures of DAM and proinflammatory microglia (highly pro-oxidant) have shown clear differences, yet a partial overlapping gene profile is evident between both phenotypes. The switch activation of homeostatic microglia into reactive microglia relies on the selective activation of key surface receptors involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis (a.k.a. pattern recognition receptors, PRRs). Two relevant PRRs are toll-like receptors (TLRs) and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), whose selective activation is believed to generate either a proinflammatory or a DAM phenotype, respectively. However, the recent identification of endogenous disease-related ligands, which bind to and activate both TLRs and TREM2, anticipates the existence of rather complex microglia responses. Examples of potential endogenous dual ligands include amyloid β, galectin-3, and apolipoprotein E. These pleiotropic ligands induce a microglia polarization that is more complicated than initially expected, suggesting the possibility that different microglia subtypes may coexist. This review highlights the main microglia polarization states under disease conditions and their leading role orchestrating oxidative stress

Influence of previous mental state on psychological outcomes of Spanish out-of-hospital professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic

Producción CientíficaThis study aimed to describe factors relating to the psychological distress of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Spanish out-of-hospital emergency medical services (EMS), according to the previous or non-use of psychotropic drugs or psychotherapy. A multicentre, cross-sectional descriptive study was designed. The study population were all physicians, nurses, and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) working in any Spanish out-of-hospital EMS between February and April 2021. The main outcomes were the levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy, assessed by DASS-21 and G-SES. Differences in levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy, according to sex, age, previous use of psychotropic drug or psychotherapy, work experience, professional category, type of work, and modification of working conditions were measured using the Student’s t-test for independent samples, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, or 2-factor analysis of covariance. A total of 1636 HCWs were included, of whom one in three had severe mental disorders because of the pandemic. The interaction of the previous or non-use of psychotropic drugs or psychotherapy with the rest of the factors considered did not modify the levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy. However, HCWs with a history of psychotropic drug or psychotherapy use had a more intense negative emotional response and lower self-efficacy, regardless of their sex, professional category, type of work, or change in the working conditions. These HCWs are considered particularly vulnerable to the development or recurrence of new disorders or other comorbidities; therefore, the implementation of monitoring and follow-up strategies should be a priority

Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on out-of-hospital health professionals: A living systematic review

Producción CientíficaHealth professionals (HPs), especially those working in the front line, have been one of the groups most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to identify the best available scientific evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of out-of-hospital HPs in terms of stress, anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy. A living systematic review of the literature was designed, consulting the electronic online versions of the CINHAL, Cochrane Library, Cuiden, IBECS, JBI, LILACS, Medline PyscoDoc, PsycoINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in November 2021. Original research was selected, published in either English, Spanish, French, Italian, or Portuguese. In total, 2082 publications were identified, of which 16 were included in this review. The mental health of out-of-hospital HPs was affected. Being a woman or having direct contact with patients showing suspicious signs of COVID-19 or confirmed cases were the factors related to a greater risk of developing high levels of stress and anxiety; in the case of depressive symptoms, it was having a clinical history of illnesses that could weaken their defenses against infection. Stopping unpleasant emotions and thoughts was the coping strategy most frequently used by these HPs

Does the mass of the Earth vary? Modeling through thought experiment

El artículo analiza el efecto de la resolución de problemas cualitativos mediante experimentos mentales, en el uso de la idea de conservación de la masa. Se trata de identificar los modelos expresados por los estudiantes y cómo estos se ajustan y autorregulan a partir del trabajo en el aula. Para ello se realiza un estudio de casos múltiples con estudiantes de secundaria obligatoria, empleando métodos cualitativos de análisis de datos. A lo largo del experimento mental, los estudiantes empezaron movilizando modelos ingenuos y simples, basados en la no conservación de la materia, y más de la mitad terminó formulando otros que integraban el principio de conservación de la masa y la idea de Tierra como sistema abierto. Ello sugiere el papel de los experimentos mentales como escenarios propicios para favorecer procesos de modelización en ciencias.This paper analyzes the effect of the resolution of qualitative problems through mental experiments, in the use of the idea of conservation of mass. Its purpose is to identify the models expressed by the students, and how they adjust and self-regulate as a result of the work in the classroom. For this, a multiple case study is carried out with secondary school students, using qualitative methods of data analysis. Throughout the mental experiment, students began mobilizing simple and naive models, based on a non-conservation of matter, while more than half ended up formulating others that spontaneously integrated the principle of conservation of mass and the idea of Earth as an open system. These results show the role of mental experiments as favorable scenarios for modeling in science

Realidades interculturales, miradas hacia el género y la educación

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de varias áreas del conocimiento como la filosofía social, la patología, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente y la sustentabilidad que inciden en diversas unidades de aprendizaje de la Licenciatura en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestría en Sociología de la SaludLa presente obra, es la reunión de varias investigaciones que se han dado cita para construir un libro que representa el horizonte de autores y lectores en la pasión del dialogo. Se trata de experiencias de los observadores e interpretes de la realidad de los observadores e interpretes de la realidad social quienes se aventuraron a reunir las voces de los informantes que resguardan los secretos de sus comunidades acerca de su cultura, organización simbólica, y de sus practicas y rituales engarzados en la vida cotidiana

El reencuentro con la naturaleza: voces femeninas en el tiempo

Este texto contribuye al análisis científico de diferentes áreas del conocimiento la filosofía social, la educación para el cuidado del medio ambiente mediante la sustentabilidad que incide en diversas unidades de aprendizaje en Educación para la Salud y de la Maestria en Sociología de la SaludEl relato de las voces femeninas que se escuchan en el tiempo, narran las luchas por defender un ideal, con frecuencia en la organización de las mujeres que pugnan por estabilizar el equilibrio de la naturaleza, por medio de tácticas educativas que van recorriendo el bachillerato, la normal y la universidad