Summulae in libros Physicorum

Sign.: []2, A-D8. -- L. gótica. -- Texto a dos col.En port. grab. xil. de maestro enseñando; en el vuelto, virgen con niño y otras dos figuras arrodilladas. -- Marca tip. xil. en última página. -- Inic. xil.[2], 32 h. ; 4o

On the Mass of M31

Recent work by several groups has established the properties of the dwarf satellites to M31. We reexamine the reported kinematics of this group employing a fresh technique we have developed previously. By calculating the distribution of a chi statistic (which we define in the paper) for the M31 system, we conclude that the total mass (disk plus halo) of the primary is unlikely to be as great as that of our own Milky Way. In fact the chi distribution for M31 indicates that, like NGC 3992, it does not have a massive halo. In contrast, the analysis of the satellites of NGC 1961 and NGC 5084 provides strong evidence for massive halos surrounding both spiral galaxies.Comment: To appear in MNRAS, 10 pages with 6 figure

De praedestinatione

El tratado De praedestinatione tiene un fondo teológico. En él se agitan los problemas de la predestinación y del' conocimiento de Dios sobre los futuros contingentes. Sostiene Ockham que las proposiciones relativas a los actos humanos libres no son ni verdaderas ni falsus, son complexa neutra. Tesis que es defendida por Aristóteles en el Perihermeneias

Encircling an Exceptional Point

We calculate analytically the geometric phases that the eigenvectors of a parametric dissipative two-state system described by a complex symmetric Hamiltonian pick up when an exceptional point (EP) is encircled. An EP is a parameter setting where the two eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian coalesce. We show that it can be encircled on a path along which the eigenvectors remain approximately real and discuss a microwave cavity experiment, where such an encircling of an EP was realized. Since the wavefunctions remain approximately real, they could be reconstructed from the nodal lines of the recorded spatial intensity distributions of the electric fields inside the resonator. We measured the geometric phases that occur when an EP is encircled four times and thus confirmed that for our system an EP is a branch point of fourth order.Comment: RevTex 4.0, four eps-figures (low resolution

Venerabilis inceptoris fratris Gulielmi de Villa Hocchã ... summule in lib. physicorum adsunt

Copia digital : Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 2010Datos de pie de imprenta constan en colofónMarca tip. en colofónSign.: [ ]\p2\s, A-D\p8\sPort. con grab. xil. en donde se representa a un grupo de monjes en el momento de predicación( posiblemente de Guillermo de Ocam)Letra gót.Texto a dos columna

A Philosophical Treatise of Universal Induction

Understanding inductive reasoning is a problem that has engaged mankind for thousands of years. This problem is relevant to a wide range of fields and is integral to the philosophy of science. It has been tackled by many great minds ranging from philosophers to scientists to mathematicians, and more recently computer scientists. In this article we argue the case for Solomonoff Induction, a formal inductive framework which combines algorithmic information theory with the Bayesian framework. Although it achieves excellent theoretical results and is based on solid philosophical foundations, the requisite technical knowledge necessary for understanding this framework has caused it to remain largely unknown and unappreciated in the wider scientific community. The main contribution of this article is to convey Solomonoff induction and its related concepts in a generally accessible form with the aim of bridging this current technical gap. In the process we examine the major historical contributions that have led to the formulation of Solomonoff Induction as well as criticisms of Solomonoff and induction in general. In particular we examine how Solomonoff induction addresses many issues that have plagued other inductive systems, such as the black ravens paradox and the confirmation problem, and compare this approach with other recent approaches.Comment: 72 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, LaTe

Ensembles and experiments in classical and quantum physics

A philosophically consistent axiomatic approach to classical and quantum mechanics is given. The approach realizes a strong formal implementation of Bohr's correspondence principle. In all instances, classical and quantum concepts are fully parallel: the same general theory has a classical realization and a quantum realization. Extending the `probability via expectation' approach of Whittle to noncommuting quantities, this paper defines quantities, ensembles, and experiments as mathematical concepts and shows how to model complementarity, uncertainty, probability, nonlocality and dynamics in these terms. The approach carries no connotation of unlimited repeatability; hence it can be applied to unique systems such as the universe. Consistent experiments provide an elegant solution to the reality problem, confirming the insistence of the orthodox Copenhagen interpretation on that there is nothing but ensembles, while avoiding its elusive reality picture. The weak law of large numbers explains the emergence of classical properties for macroscopic systems.Comment: 56 page

Species abundance distributions: moving beyond single prediction theories to integration within an ecological framework

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75247/1/j.1461-0248.2007.01094.x.pd