Teachers’ raciolinguistic ideologies in the SHL classroom: Considerations for SHL teacher development

Abstract: As Latinx enrollment in US university Spanish-language courses continues to rise (Beaudrie & Marrero-Rivera, forthcoming), numerous studies detail the transformative potential of SHL pedagogy for US Latinxs as an educational experience (e.g., Holguín Mendoza, 2018; Leeman, 2005). Recent progress has been driven by the study of language ideologies as a critical area of inquiry to reckon with the disparities that US Latinxs face within SHL education (Loza & Beaudrie, 2022). Such disparities are predicated on dominant raciolinguistic ideologies that often impose idealized language varieties and identities on Latinx youth (Barillas Chón, 2022). Although critical materials, curriculum, and pedagogical approaches have flourished, research focused on the SHL classroom remains scarce, particularly in relation to teacher development (Carreira & Kagan, 2018). As an under examined area within the field, there is a pressing need to develop stronger teacher preparation models for teachers who deliver language or content instruction to heritage learners – especially given that traditional and prescriptive pedagogy grounded in dominant ideologies continues to influence how language teachers approach SHL education (Beaudrie & Loza, 2023). This chapter aims to critically examine case studies from our collective research wherein teachers and SHL learners discuss representations of Us versus Them to denote their membership to ideological groups and, in turn, to denote dominated groups of speakers (van Dijk, 2016). Our discussion describes teachers’ essentialized views of their students’ language varieties and identities, and how this has led to instances of the students’ multifaceted and dynamic identities being erased in the SHL classroom. We argue that this erasure is based on raciolinguistic ideologies about who SHL learners are and assumptions about who they are not. We propose points of consideration for SHL teacher preparation that specifically address these issues and how they come into play in the classroom. Keywords: CLA, Teacher training, Pedagogy, Raciolinguistics References: Barillas Chón, D. W. (2022). K’iche’, Mam, and Nahua Migrant Youth Navigating Colonial Codes of Power. Urban Education 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/00420859211073902 Beaudrie, S. M. & Loza, S. (2023). Heritage Language Program Direction: Research into Practice. Routledge. Carreira, M., & Kagan, O. (2018). Heritage language education: A proposal for the next 50 years. Foreign Language Annals, 51(1), 152-168. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12331 Holguín Mendoza, C. (2018). Critical language awareness (CLA) for Spanish heritage language programs: Implementing a complete curriculum. International Multilingual Research Journal, 12, 65–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2017.1401445 Leeman, J. (2005). Engaging critical pedagogy: Spanish for native speakers. Foreign Language Annals, 38(1), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2005.tb02451.x Loza, S., & Beaudrie, S. M. (Eds.). (2022). Heritage language teaching: Critical language awareness perspectives for research and pedagogy. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003148227 van Dijk, (2016). Critical discourse studies: A sociocognitive approach. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Studies (pp.62-85). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishers

Implementación de estrategias publicitarias para concienciar el uso de agua potable en Boliche-km 26 a fin de mejorar la economía de los hogares.

El siguiente trabajo tiene como finalidad poder desarrollar una campaña publicitaria, enfocada en hacer concienciar en cuanto al uso del agua, a los habitantes de Boliche km 26, puesto que el autor ha podido comprobar que existe un mal uso de este recurso natural, que sirvo como sustento para la vida de los seres humanos. En el trabajo, está detallado el problema de investigación, delimitándolo y exponiendo lo esencial para poder dar una solución oportuna al inconveniente presentado con los habitantes de Boliche- km 26. El desarrollo de una campaña social que permita a las persona a hacer conciencia sobre los pagos excesivos que hacen por el mal uso del agua, es esencial para que se mejore la economía de este sector. El trabajo tiene un alto vínculo a la comunidad por el apoyo que brinda la Junta Administradora de Agua Potable el Sistema Pedro J. Montero (Boliche)-Virgen de Fátima (km 26 vía Durán-Tambo), en preocuparse que los habitantes hayan mantenido un uso irracional del agua que le ha llevado a pagar altos rubros en cuanto al agua

Toxoplasmosis ocular. Una visión general durante el embarazo

La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad causada por el protozoario T. gondii, que afecta a un tercio de la población delmundo, según datos de la OMS estas cifras no son actualizadas. El consumo de ooquistes infectantes que se encuentranen la inadecuada manipulación e ingestión de alimentos como la carne cruda o mal cocida, verduras contaminadas, o aguacon presencia de ooquistes, el incremento de la prevalencia en nuestro país, América Latina y el Caribe que aporta sobreel desarrollo de esta enfermedad, esta es adquirida de manera congénita en la mujer gestante, en la toxoplasmosis ocular,el parasito se aloja en la retina provocando retinitis. Que se manifiesta a cualquier edad, después del nacimiento lainfección puede ser aguda o crónica. Se puede decir que, con el paso de cada semana gestacional, se irá aumentando elriesgo de transmisión materno fetal, por lo mismo, incrementa la probabilidad de toxoplasmosis congénita asintomática.El diagnóstico durante el embarazo se debe realizar, con el fin de establecer si el feto está infectado, mediante eldiagnóstico del líquido amniótico (amniocentesis), histológico y ecografía. El tratamiento en la mujer embarazada podríareducir la incidencia y severidad de la infección fetal

Seguimiento farmacoterapéutico ambulatorio en pacientes hipertensos de un centro de salud del Perú. Estudio cuasi-experimental.

Objective: To determine the impact of outpatient pharmacotherapeutic follow-up in hypertensive patients in a health center in northern Perú.Methods: An explanatory, before-after longitudinal study was carried out in 36 adult patients with a diagnosis of HTN, who attend the Unión Health Center-Trujillo, through 9 home visits, using the DÁDER method that evaluates the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up. Four instruments were used to evaluate the following parameters: level of knowledge by means of a questionnaire, adherence to treatment using the Morisky-Green-Levine test, degree of patient satisfaction through the Purdue Pharmacist Directive test and monitoring of arterial hypertension values using a record sheet.Results: For the level of knowledge, the questionnaire obtained an average score of 5.3 in the third visit and 10 in the ninth. For the degree of adherence, the test reached an average value of 1.9 in the second home visit, being considered non-adherent and 0.0 in the ninth visit, showing total adherence to pharmacological treatment. Regarding the test to determine the level of satisfaction towards the pharmaceutical chemist, the result was 85.7% and 100% during the fourth and ninth home visit, respectively. Significant results were found for the 3 quantitative parametric parameters, showing 100% adherence, satisfaction, and adequate level of knowledge at the end of the SFT. Regarding blood pressure values, it began with a mean of 138.6/87.1 mmHg, decreasing to 118.8/79.3 mmHg at the ninth home visit.Conclusions: Pharmacotherapeutic follow-up had a favorable impact on the control of hypertensive patients.Objetivo: Determinar el impacto del seguimiento farmacoterapéutico ambulatorio en pacientes hipertensos de un centro de salud del norte del Perú.Metodología: Estudio cuasi – experimental, longitudinal en 36 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial, que asisten al Centro de Salud Unión – Trujillo, mediante 9 visitas domiciliarias, utilizando el método DÁDER que evalúa el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico. Se emplearon 4 instrumentos para evaluar los siguientes parámetros: nivel de conocimiento mediante un cuestionario, adherencia al tratamiento mediante la prueba de Morisky-Green-Levine, grado de satisfacción del paciente a través del test The Purdue Pharmacist Directive y monitorización de los valores de hipertensión arterial mediante una hoja de registro.Resultados: Para el nivel de conocimiento, el cuestionario obtuvo una puntuación promedio de 5.3 en la tercera visita y 10 en la novena. Para el grado de adherencia, la prueba alcanzó un valor promedio de 1.9 en la segunda visita domiciliaria, considerándose como No adherente y 0.0 en la novena visita, mostrando una adherencia total al tratamiento farmacológico. En cuanto a la prueba para la determinación del nivel de satisfacción hacia el químico farmacéutico, se obtuvo como resultado 85.7% y 100% durante la cuarta y novena visita domiciliaria, respectivamente. Se encontraron resultados significativos para los 3 parámetros, mostrando 100% de adherencia, satisfacción y nivel de conocimiento adecuado al finalizar el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico. En referencia a los valores de presión arterial, se inició con una media de 138.6/87.1 ± 6.7 mmHg, descendiendo a 118.8/79.3 ± 2.7 mmHg a la novena visita domiciliaria.Conclusiones: El seguimiento farmacoterapéutico tuvo un impacto favorable en el control de los pacientes hipertensos

Candida lipolytica UCP0988 Biosurfactant: Potential as a Bioremediation Agent and in Formulating a Commercial Related Product

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential application of the biosurfactant from Candida lipolytica grown in low-cost substrates, which has previously been produced and characterized under optimized conditions as an adjunct material to enhance the remediation processes of hydrophobic pollutants and heavy metals generated by the oil industry and propose the formulation of a safe and stable remediation agent. In tests carried out with seawater, the crude biosurfactant demonstrated 80% oil spreading efficiency. The dispersion rate was 50% for the biosurfactant at a concentration twice that of the CMC. The biosurfactant removed 70% of motor oil from contaminated cotton cloth in detergency tests. The crude biosurfactant also removed 30–40% of Cu and Pb from standard sand, while the isolated biosurfactant removed ~30% of the heavy metals. The conductivity of solutions containing Cd and Pb was sharply reduced after biosurfactants' addition. A product was prepared through adding 0.2% potassium sorbate as preservative and tested over 120 days. The formulated biosurfactant was analyzed for emulsification and surface tension under different pH values, temperatures, and salt concentrations and tested for toxicity against the fish Poecilia vivipara. The results showed that the formulation had no toxicity and did not cause significant changes in the tensoactive capacity of the biomolecule while maintaining activity demonstrating suitability for potential future commercial product formulation

Obesity and the food system transformation in Latin America

The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region faces a major diet-related health problem accompanied by enormous economic and social costs. The shifts in diet are profound: major shifts in intake of less-healthful low-nutrient-density foods and sugary beverages, changes in away-from-home eating and snacking and rapid shifts towards very high levels of overweight and obesity among all ages along with, in some countries, high burdens of stunting. Diet changes have occurred in parallel to, and in two-way causality with, changes in the broad food system – the set of supply chains from farms, through midstream segments of processing, wholesale and logistics, to downstream segments of retail and food service (restaurants and fast food chains). An essential contribution of this piece is to marry and integrate the nutrition transition literature with the literature on the economics of food system transformation. These two literatures and debates have been to date largely ‘two ships passing in the night’. This review documents in-depth the recent history of rapid growth and transformation of that broad food system in LAC, with the rapid rise of supermarkets, large processors, fast food chains and food logistics firms. The transformation is the story of a ‘double-edged sword’, showing its links to various negative diet side trends, e.g. the rise of consumption of fast food and highly processed food, as well as in parallel, to various positive trends, e.g. the reduction of the cost of food, de-seasonalization, increase of convenience of food preparation reducing women's time associated with that and increase of availability of some nutritious foods like meat and dairy. We view the transformation of the food system, as well as certain aspects of diet change linked to long-run changes in employment and demographics (e.g. the quest for convenience), as broad parameters that will endure for the next decades without truly major regulatory and fiscal changes. We then focus in on what are the steps that are being and can be taken to curb the negative effects on diet of these changes. We show that countries in LAC are already among the global leaders in initiating demand-related solutions via taxation and marketing controls. But we also show that this is only a small step forward. To shift LAC's food supply towards prices that incentivize consumption of healthier diets and demand away from the less healthy component is not simple and will not happen immediately. We must be cognizant that ultimately, food industry firms must be incentivized to market the components of healthy diets. This will primarily need to be via selective taxes and subsidies, marketing controls, as well as food quality regulations, consumer education and, in the medium term, consumers' desires to combine healthier foods with their ongoing quest for convenience in the face of busy lives. In the end, the food industry in LAC will orient itself towards profitable solutions, ie those demanded by the broad mass of consumers

Physico-chemical factors affecting rhamnolipid (biosurfactant) application for removal of metal contaminants from soil

Contamination of soil and groundwater environments by toxic metals and organic compounds is of major concern because of the potential health hazard posed for humans. Remediation of such sites may require the addition of chemical agents that help in the mobilization of contaminants which are likely to be bound to solid surfaces. Surfactants are one of the agents proposed for addition to enhance the removal of soil-bound contaminants. In this dissertation, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate constraints to the potential application of a microbially produced surfactant (biosurfactant) for removal of metal contaminants from soil. The first part of the dissertation describes the measurement of stability constants and 13 metals including ten of the metals most frequently found in contaminated sites as well as three of the most common metal cations found in soil, Ca²⁺, Mg ²⁺, and K⁺. The second part of the dissertation describes a series of experiments designed to determine the interaction of the biosurfactant with soil matrix components including clays, metal oxides, and organic matter. The biosurfactant used in this research was monorhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027. A mixture of mono- and dirhamnolipid produced by P. aeruginosa UG2 was also used in some cases. Results showed that selectivity of the monorhamnolipid followed the order: Al³⁺ > Cu²⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Cd²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Fe³⁺ > Hg ²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Co²⁺ > Ni²⁺ > Mn²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺. These results suggest that monorhamnolipid binds common metal contaminants in preference over common soil cations such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺. Rhamnolipid was shown to bind to some soil constituents very strongly including hematite, illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite. These results indicate that the effectiveness of rhamnolipid in soils with high amounts of iron oxide or clay may be limited due to extensive sorption. Finally, it was found that monorhamnolipid sorbed more strongly than a rhamnolipid mixture containing both monorhamnolipid and dirhamnolipid. This suggests that the use of a biosurfactant mixture may improve the effectiveness of rhamnolipid in the removal of organic and metal contaminants from soil