Um olhar para a saúde pública cubana

Over the last five decades, after the triumph of the Revolution in 1959, Cuban medicine made remarkable advances in several areas. This article provides a thematic timeline of those advances. The development of new drugs, hygiene and sanitary education for the people, the building of hospitals and polyclinics, and free access to medical care for the entire population are some of the key factors analyzed. Other topics include the growing number of professionals in the medical field that make it possible to provide primary and preventive services (vaccination) to everyone, and the humanitarian campaigns of Cuban doctors who, in keeping with the humanitarian values of the Revolution, have become an example of solidarity around the world.En las últimas cinco décadas, después del triunfo de la Revolución en 1959, la medicina cubana ha obtenido avances notables en varias áreas. Este artículo propone un recorrido cronológico, separado por temas, de esos avances. El desarrollo de nuevos fármacos, la educación sanitaria, la creación de hospitales y el acceso gratuito al atendimiento médico para toda la población, son algunos de los factores centrales. Asimismo, el aumento del número de profesionales en el área médica posibilitó la aproximación de los servicios básicos y preventivos (vacunación) para todos los sectores de la población. En la misma línea, y respondiendo a los valores humanitarios de la Revolución, las campañas solidarias realizadas por los médicos cubanos son ejemplo mundial de solidaridad.Nas últimas cinco décadas, após o triunfo da Revolução em 1959, a medicina cubana atingiu avanços notáveis em várias áreas. Este artigo propõe um resumo cronológico, separado por temas, desses avanços. O desenvolvimento de novos fármacos, a educação sanitária da população, a criação de hospitais e policlínicas e o acesso gratuito ao atendimento médico para toda a população são alguns dos fatores centrais analisados. O aumento do número de profissionais na área médica também possibilitou a aproximação dos serviços básicos e preventivos (vacinação) para todos os setores da população. Na mesma linha, e respondendo aos valores humanitários da Revolução, as campanhas solidárias realizadas pelos médicos cubanos são exemplo mundial de solidariedade

ARMANDO SENTMANAT BELISÓN. UNA REFERENCIA A SU RELEVANTE OBRA CIENTÍFICA Y ACADÉMICA

Al editor de la revista le ha parecido a bien tomar una referencia del periódico Granma sobre nuestro querido colega y profesor de profesores donde se expresa lo siguiente: El licenciado Armando Sentmanat  Belisón, hasta el pasado año vicedirector de Rehabilitación del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN), obtuvo ayer el grado de Doctor en Ciencias, conferido unánimemente por el Tribunal Permanente de Ciencias de la Cultura Física del Instituto Superior Manuel Fajardo, en esta capital.Al editor de la revista le ha parecido a bien tomar una referencia del periódico Granma sobre nuestro querido colega y profesor de profesores donde se expresa lo siguiente: El licenciado Armando Sentmanat  Belisón, hasta el pasado año vicedirector de Rehabilitación del Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica (CIREN), obtuvo ayer el grado de Doctor en Ciencias, conferido unánimemente por el Tribunal Permanente de Ciencias de la Cultura Física del Instituto Superior Manuel Fajardo, en esta capital

Spatial distribution of sporocarp production of ECM fungi Amanita ponderosa Malençon & R. Heim during six consecutive years at a holm-oak forest (dehesa) in the Sierra de Aracena (Huelva)

Se ha estudiado durante seis años consecutivos el número y la localización de los esporocarpos de Amanita ponderosa Malençon & R. Heim en una parcela de 3 ha ubicada en un encinar adehesado localizado en el Parque Natural «Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche» (Huelva). Los datos indican que las áreas productoras de setas presentan un tamaño y una forma similares año tras año, aunque algunas zonas específicas muestran variaciones que sugieren la existencia de cierta alternancia o vecería. Esta especie fructifica solamente en primavera durante seis a ocho semanas, desde mediados de febrero hasta abril, cuando comienza a ascender la temperatura media tras el invierno. Las diferencias observadas en la duración del periodo de fructificación y la producción total de setas dependen fundamentalmente de las lluvias y la temperatura. Los resultados sugieren que las lluvias tempranas a finales de verano o principios de otoño son cruciales para la fructificación de la primavera siguiente, y que las lluvias caídas durante el periodo de fructificación tienen una menor influencia. Durante el periodo de fructificación, la producción es muy dependiente de la temperatura del suelo

International comparisons of behavioral and emotional problems in preschool children: parents’ reports from 24 societies

International comparisons were conducted of preschool children’s behavioral and emotional problems as reported on the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½–5 by parents in 24 societies (N¼19,850). Item ratings were aggregated into scores on syndromes; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–oriented scales; a Stress Problems scale; and Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problems scales. Effect sizes for scale score differences among the 24 societies ranged from small to medium (3–12%). Although societies differed greatly in language, culture, and other characteristics, Total Problems scores for 18 of the 24 societies were within 7.1 points of the omnicultural mean of 33.3 (on a scale of 0–198). Gender and age differences, as well as gender and age interactions with society, were all very small (effect sizes<1%). Across all pairs of societies, correlations between mean item ratings averaged .78, and correlations between internal consistency alphas for the scales averaged .92, indicating that the rank orders of mean item ratings and internal consistencies of scales were very similar across diverse societies

Enzymatic activity, gene expression and posttranslational modifications of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in ammonium-stressed sorghum plants

Sorghum plants grown with 5 mM (NH4)2SO4 showed symptoms of stress, such as reduced growth and photosynthesis, leaf chlorosis, and reddish roots. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) activity, by supplying carbon skeletons for ammonium assimilation, plays a pivotal role in tolerance to ammonium stress. This work investigated the effect of ammonium nutrition on PPC and PPCK gene expression, on PEPC activity, and on post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PEPC in leaves and roots of sorghum plants. Ammonium increased PEPC kinase (PEPCk) activity and the phosphorylation state of PEPC in leaves, both in light and in the dark, due to increased PPCK1 expression in leaves. This result resembled the effect of salinity on sorghum leaf PEPC and PEPCk, which is thought to allow a better functioning of PEPC in conditions that limit the income of reduced C. In roots, ammonium increased PEPC activity and the amount of monoubiquitinated PEPC. The first effect was related to increased PPC3 expression in roots. These results highlight the relevance of this specific isoenzyme (PPC3) in sorghum responses to ammonium stress. Although the role of monoubiquitination is not fully understood, it also increased in germinating seeds along with massive mobilization of reserves, a process in which the anaplerotic function of PEPC is of major importance.This research was supported by the Junta de Andalucía (P12-FQM-489 and PAI group BIO298), and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (AGL2012-35708). C. Arias-Baldrich was in receipt of a grant from Junta de Andalucía.Peer reviewe

Frequency shift between near-and far-field scattering resonances in dielectric particles

The near-field electromagnetic scattering intensity resonances are redshifted in frequency with respect to their far-field counterparts. We derive simple, approximate, analytical formulas for this shift in the case of a plane wave interacting with a dielectric sphere. Numerical results comparing the approximate formulas to the numerically exact solutions show that the two are in good agreement. We also consider the Rayleigh limit of the formulas to gain more insight into the phenomenon