OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HUMAN THYROID GLAND UNDER IODINE DEFICIENCY NODULAR GOITER: FROM HARMLESSNESS TO HAZARD DEPENDING ON COPPER AND IODINE SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION

Background. Thyroid disorders are the second most common endocrinopathies found in humans and animals. Determination of their key molecular markers presents a special interest.Objective. We studied iodine and copper accumulation in nodular, paranodular and contralateral (not affected tissue by node) tissues of human thyroid gland in relation to the level of metal-binding proteins, potential antioxidants, and oxidative changes in tissue for this goal. Lower level of organificated iodine and higher level and mass fraction of inorganic iodine and copper in the nodular and paranodular tissue versus contralateral part of thyroid gland was established.Results. The level of both metal-binding and apo-form of metallothioneins was higher. Content of reduced glutathione was lower in node-affected tissue compared to the contralateral part. Signs of oxidative stress (higher activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-transferase and level of oxyradicals) and cytotoxicity (higher cathepsin D activity, higher level of DNA strand breaks and glycolysis activation) in affected tissue were observed. The range of indice variability in paranodular tissue was smaller than in nodule compared to the parenchyma of contralateral part.Conclusions. Excess of copper unbound to metallothionein in goitrous-changed tissue and high level of inorganic iodine could be the reason for elevated DNA fragmentation and increased lysosomal membrane permeability and activation of antioxidant defense. The main criterions of goiter formation were represented by low level of organificated iodine and high level of DNA damage in thyroid gland.KEY WORDS: iodine deficiency nodular colloidal goiter, iodine, copper, metallothioneins, oxidative stress, cytotoxicit

New Trends in Beverage Packaging Systems: A Review

New trends in beverage packaging are focusing on the structure modification of packaging materials and the development of new active and/or intelligent systems, which can interact with the product or its environment, improving the conservation of beverages, such as wine, juice or beer, customer acceptability, and food security. In this paper, the main nutritional and organoleptic degradation processes of beverages, such as oxidative degradation or changes in the aromatic profiles, which influence their color and volatile composition are summarized. Finally, the description of the current situation of beverage packaging materials and new possible, emerging strategies to overcome some of the pending issues are discussed

METALLOTHIONEINS CONTRIBUTION IN THE RESPONSE OF BIVALVE MOLLUSK TO GLYPHOSATE, PHARMACEUTICALS AND TEMPERATURE CO-EXPOSURE

The aim of this study was to elucidate whether metallothioneins are involving in the response of bivalve mollusk to mixed exposure to the priority pollutants and heating.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV