О подходах к формированию межведомственных статистических ресурсов, необходимых для мониторинга выполнения социальных программ

This article describes an approach to development of interagency statistical resources with regard to support program for children and families with children - «Children of Russia» - based on the best foreign practices. In other countries these types of statistical resources are created by cooperative efforts of government agencies (that are responsible for implementation of support 'programs for children and families with children) and research centers (universities). Program of development of a specialized unit of interagency information resources dedicated to the problems of children and families with children is put together to investigate the wellbeing of target groups, to work out a program for supporting children and families with children, to monitor program’s performance (stages and results). This resource is to be multifunctional; it may serve research and education interests of universities and raise public awareness and knowledge about this vital and socially significant sphere. Official statistics forms the basis for data array; functionality is amplified by analytical services with regard to needs of all interested parties (agencies, researchers and general public). The paper discusses an approach to creating an interagency resource with information on children and families with children in Russia. Despite the fact that several national ministries in line with their activity areas practice and keep statistical records on these topics, the data resources are not integrated for system analysis of problems of children and families with children. Therefore, in order to standardize the terminology and concepts in this field of statistical observation the authors propose developing a unified subject classification and integrating data in the resources’ multifunctional information framework. Such resource may provide means for integrated assessment of the general subject area and specific target groups. According to the authors, this resource may serve as a foundation for elaborating documents for strategic planning of effective family, maternity and childhood support policies at a new level of quality. The article proposes an approach to the development of statistical information resource based on Rosstat data with advanced interface and a set of analytical services, which include access to the methodology of statistical monitoring and access to thematic publications on the problems of children and families with children in regions of the country.Авторы с учетом практики развитых стран обосновывают подходы к формированию межведомственных статистических ресурсов применительно к программе помощи детям и семьям с детьми «Дети России». Отмечается, что такого рода статистические ресурсы в зарубежных странах создаются совместными усилиями государственных структур, в сферу ответственности которых входит реализация программ помощи семьям с детьми, и исследовательских центров (университетов). Программа разработки специализированного блока межведомственных информационных ресурсов, посвященных проблемам детей и семей с детьми, составляется исходя из задач исследования положения целевых групп, разработки и мониторинга этапов и результатов программ поддержки детей и семей с детьми, для научных проектов и просвещения общества в этой важной и социально значимой сфере. Основу информационного массива ресурсов составляет официальная статистика; функциональность дополнена аналитическими сервисами с учетом потребностей всех заинтересованных ведомств, исследователей и граждан страны. В статье обсуждается подход к созданию межведомственного ресурса, содержащего информацию о детях и семьях России. Несмотря на то, что ряд отечественных министерств по направлениям своей деятельности ведут статистический учет, связанный с указанной проблематикой, данные разных ведомств не интегрированы для системного анализа проблем детей и семей с детьми. Поэтому на основе унификации терминологии и понятий рассматриваемой области статистического наблюдения предлагается разработать единый тематический классификатор и интегрировать данные в рамках многофункционального информационного ресурса, на основе которого возможна комплексная характеристика как предметной области в целом, так и ее отдельных целевых групп. По мнению авторов, на базе такого ресурса возможна разработка на новом качественном уровне документов стратегического планирования для целей эффективной политики поддержки семьи, материнства и детства. Предложен подход к разработке информационного статистического ресурса на базе данных Росстата с развитым интерфейсом и комплексом аналитических сервисов, включая доступ к методологии статистического наблюдения и доступ к тематическим публикациям по проблемам детей и семей с детьми в регионах страны

A Mediterranean-style dietary intervention supplemented with fish oil improves diet quality and mental health in people with depression: a randomized controlled trial (HELFIMED)

We investigated whether a Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet) supplemented with fish oil can improve mental health in adults suffering depression.Adults with self-reported depression were randomized to receive fortnightly food hampers and MedDiet cooking workshops for 3 months and fish oil supplements for 6 months, or attend social groups fortnightly for 3 months. Assessments at baseline, 3 and 6 months included mental health, quality of life (QoL) and dietary questionnaires, and blood samples for erythrocyte fatty acid analysis.n = 152 eligible adults aged 18-65 were recruited (n = 95 completed 3-month and n = 85 completed 6-month assessments). At 3 months, the MedDiet group had a higher MedDiet score (t = 3.95, P < 0.01), consumed more vegetables (t = 3.95, P < 0.01), fruit (t = 2.10, P = 0.04), nuts (t = 2.29, P = 0.02), legumes (t = 2.41, P = 0.02) wholegrains (t = 2.63, P = 0.01), and vegetable diversity (t = 3.27, P < 0.01); less unhealthy snacks (t = -2.10, P = 0.04) and red meat/chicken (t = -2.13, P = 0.04). The MedDiet group had greater reduction in depression (t = -2.24, P = 0.03) and improved mental health QoL scores (t = 2.10, P = 0.04) at 3 months. Improved diet and mental health were sustained at 6 months. Reduced depression was correlated with an increased MedDiet score (r = -0.298, P = 0.01), nuts (r = -0.264, P = 0.01), and vegetable diversity (r = -0.303, P = 0.01). Other mental health improvements had similar correlations, most notably for increased vegetable diversity and legumes. There were some correlations between increased omega-3, decreased omega-6 and improved mental health.This is one of the first randomized controlled trials to show that healthy dietary changes are achievable and, supplemented with fish oil, can improve mental health in people with depression.Natalie Parletta, Dorota Zarnowiecki, Jihyun Cho, Amy Wilson, Svetlana Bogomolova, Anthony Villani, Catherine Itsiopoulos, Theo Niyonsenga, Sarah Blunden, Barbara Meyer, Leonie Segal, Bernhard T. Baune and Kerin O’De

Metabolic and Innate Immune Cues Merge into a Specific Inflammatory Response via the UPR

Erratum in : Metabolic and Innate Immune Cues Merge into a Specific Inflammatory Response via the UPR. [Cell. 2019]International audienceInnate immune responses are intricately linked with intracellular metabolism of myeloid cells. Toll-likereceptor (TLR) stimulation shifts intracellular metabolism toward glycolysis, while anti-inflammatorysignals depend on enhanced mitochondrial respiration. How exogenous metabolic signals affect theimmune response is unknown. We demonstrate that TLR-dependent responses of dendritic cells (DC)are exacerbated by a high fatty acid (FA) metabolic environment. FA suppress the TLR-inducedhexokinase activity and perturb tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism. These metabolic changesenhance mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and, in turn, the unfolded proteinresponse (UPR) leading to a distinct transcriptomic signature, with IL-23 as hallmark. Interestingly,chemical or genetic suppression of glycolysis was sufficient to induce this specific immune response.Conversely, reducing mtROS production or DC-specific deficiency in XBP1 attenuated IL-23expression and skin inflammation in an IL-23-dependent model of psoriasis. Thus, fine-tuning of innateimmunity depends on optimization of metabolic demands and minimization of mtROS-induced UPR

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРОТИВООПУХОЛЕВОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ПРИ РАКЕ ГОРТАНИ

The purpose of the study was to assess the infection of tumor tissues with herpesviruses and human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (SCCL) and to reveal the impact of viral infections of tumor tissues on the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy. DNAs of HSV1,2, CMV, EBV and HPV were studied by PCR in 26 samples of tumor tissues. We revealed a high level of herpesvirus infection in SCCL tumor tissues (up to 92.3 %), while HPV infection was less frequent – 19.2 %, including low-risk HPV (LR HPV, 11.5 %) and high-risk HPV (HR HPV, 7.7 %). Significant differences in the detection rates of the studied pathogens were found (p&lt;0.05). EBV was more frequent (73.1 %), and HSV1,2 detection rate was the lowest (7.7 %). The prevalence of herpesvirus presence in tumor tissue in the absence of HPV was detected (p&lt;0.05). The effectiveness of therapy was higher in patients without viral infections, compared to infected patients (100.0 vs. 80.0 %), but the difference was nonsignificant (p&gt;0.05). There was no significant dependence of the chemotherapy effectiveness on the type of infection (p&gt;0.05). However, the presence of LR HPV, HSV1,2 and especially combinations of herpesviruses with HPV in tumor tissues reduced the number of cases of tumor stabilization and regression which is notewor thy and requires fur ther research.Целью исследования стала оценка инфицированности опухолевой ткани вирусами группы герпеса и папилломы человека (ВПЧ) у больных плоскоклеточным раком гортани (ПРГ), а также изучение влияния инфицирования ткани опухоли на результаты неоадъювантной противоопухолевой терапии (ХТ). Протестировано 26 образцов тканей опухоли больных ПРГ на наличие ДНК ВПГ-1, 2, ЦМВ, ВЭБ и ВПЧ методом ПЦР. Был установлен высокий уровень инфицирования опухолевой ткани герпесвирусами при ПРГ, достигающий 92,3 %. Для ВПЧ, напротив, была отмечена невысокая распространенность (19,2 %), в том числе 11,5 % случаев с ВПЧ низкого канцерогенного риска (НКР), 7,7 % – высокого риска (ВКР). Показаны достоверные различия в частоте выявления исследуемых возбудителей (p&lt;0,05). В большей степени был распространен ВЭБ (73,1 %), реже остальных регистрировался ВПГ-1, 2 (7,7 %). Выявлено достоверное преобладание случаев наличия герпесвирусов в ткани опухоли при отсутствии ВПЧ (p&lt;0,05). У больных с отсутствием вирусной контаминации опухолевой ткани эффективность терапии была выше, чем у инфицированных больных (100,0 % против 80,0 %), однако данная разница не была статистически значимой (p&gt;0,05). Достоверной зависимости эффективности ХТ от вида инфицирования также не было выявлено (p&gt;0,05). Тем не менее наличие в опухолевой ткани ВПЧ НКР, ВПГ-1, 2 и в особенности сочетания герпесвирусов с ВПЧ все же заметно снижало процент случаев стабилизации и регрессии опухоли, что заслуживает внимания и требует дальнейшего исследования

Synthesis and solution properties of a temperature-responsive PNIPAM–b-PDMS–b-PNIPAM triblock copolymer

In this paper, we report the synthesis and self-assembly of a novel thermoresponsive PNIPAM60–b-PDMS70–b-PNIPAM60 triblock copolymer in aqueous solution. The copolymer used a commercially available precursor modified with an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator to produce an ABA triblock copolymer via ATRP. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to shed light on the structures of nanoparticles formed in aqueous solutions of this copolymer at two temperatures, 25 and 40 °C. The poly(dimethylsiloxane) block is very hydrophobic and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is thermoresponsive. SANS data at 25 °C indicates that the solutions of PNIPAM–b-PDMS–b-PNIPAM copolymers form well-defined aggregates with presumably core–shell structures below cloud point temperature. The scattering curves originating from nanoparticles formed at 40 °C in 100% D2O or 100% H2O were successfully fitted with the Beaucage model describing aggregates with hierarchical structure

BASOPHILE ACTIVATION TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSTICS OF FUNGAL SENSITIZATION IN THE PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Aspergillus fumigatus colonization in the patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) may cause sensitization against A. fumigatus and/or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), which significantly worsens the course of underlying disease. At the present time, new diagnostic tests are searched for detection of fungal sensitization in these patients. The aim of this work was to evaluate an opportunity of application of basophile activation test with A. fumigatus allergen in vitro using flow cytometry, aiming for identification of fungal sensitization in the CF patients. The study included 190 patients with CF aged 1 to 37 years. All the patients underwent common allergy screening (skin tests with fungal allergens, determination of serum levels of total IgE and specific IgE for the fungal allergens), and mycological examination (microscopy and culture of respiratory substrates). Computed tomography of the chest was performed upon clinical indications. The basophil activation test with the A. fumigatus allergen was performed in 10 CF patients with ABPA, and 10 CF patients without ABPA, in addition to the standard allergological examination. Frequency of sensitization to A. fumigatus in the patients with cystic fibrosis was 27%, the incidence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis was 5.7%. The number of eosinophils, total IgE and specific IgE levels in CF patients with ABPA were significantly higher than in CF patients without ABPA. In blood of the ABPA patients we have identified 68.5 (52.5-81.5%) of basophilic leukocytes activated by A. fumigatus allergen, with a stimulation index of 17.07 (10.30-27.70). In appropriate comparison group, the stimulation index did not exceed 1.5 (p = 0.000). Direct positive correlation between the levels of specific IgE to A. fumigatus and the number of basophils activated by A. fumigatus allergens was revealed (r = 0.77; р &lt; 0.05). FVC values and the body mass index in CF patients with ABPA were significantly lower when compared with the patients without fungal sensitization. Introduction of the basophil activation test, along with standard techniques, may enable a more differentiated assessment of ABPA development in CF patients. Timely detection of associations between A. fumigatus sensitization and clinical status of CF patients will facilitate early and effective administration of specific therapy

Тяжелый грипп как фактор риска развития инвазивного аспергиллёза лёгких (клинический случай)

During  last  years  the  frequency  of  invasive  pulmonary aspergillosis  (IPA)  in  immunocompetent  patients  has  increased. Clinical case report of successful treatment invasive aspergillosis  with  influenza  A(H1N1)  presented  in  the  article. We analyzed the special literature of patients with IPA following influenza infection. The timely identification and treatment of these patients are necessary.В последние годы увеличилась частота инвазивного аспергиллеза у больных без типичных факторов риска. В статье представлен случай успешного лечения инвазивного аспергиллёза лёгких, возникшего на фоне гриппа A(H1N1), и обзор литературы. Показана необходимость своевременной диагностики и адекватной антимикотической терапии у больных тяжелым гриппом