Linking fish-based biological indicators with hydrological dynamics in a Mediterranean river: Relevance for environmental flow regimes

The relationship between flow dynamics and biological communities becomes especially relevant in Mediterranean rivers. Given their natural variability and growing anthropogenic pressures, their low sections are subjected to multiple impacts. The definition of ecohydrological relationships in Mediterranean rivers may constitute a useful management tool. Historically, fishes were the first group used to assess community-level ecological quality, and different indices and metrics have been proposed. However, up to date many of these indicators have showed to be insensitive to flow regime changes or hydrological alteration. There is therefore a need to deepen into the ecohydrological relationships between such indicators and flow regimes in Mediterranean (and other) rivers. This study presents an analysis of the relationship between interannual flow regimes in the lower section of the Ebro River, defined using a set of daily and hourly hydrological indices, and ecological quality based on fish community, assessed through indices designed to fulfill the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in Europe: the Indices of Biotic Integrity in Catalan rivers (IBICAT2010 and IBICAT2b) and the new European Fish Index (EFI+). In order to identify spatiotemporal patterns, hydrological indices were computed using time periods of different amplitude and ecological quality was obtained in different transects along the river section, even within the same water units or ‘water masses’ (subdivisions of surface waters to fulfill the WFD in Spain). Our results showed that IBICAT2010 was the most correlated with hydrological indices, followed by IBICAT2b and EFI+. The latter showed an almost null correlation with hydrological indices, which may be due to issues associated with the sampling technique, the definition of transects and because it does not uses stream typologies. Correlations among some hydrological and biological indices were observed, with temporal and spatial patterns. On one hand, daily hydrological indices showed relationship with ecological quality when they were computed using between 9 and 36 months of flow records (previous to the sampling date) whereas subdaily indices responded better to periods between 3 and 9 months of records. On the other hand, some sampling transects showed clearer relationships than others, even within the same water mass, which suggests an influence of hydromorphological variability on the obtained ecological quality scores.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Propuesta integradora para un estudio del uso de plantas con propiedades psicoactivas en pipas del período alfarero temprano y sus implicancias sociales

Th is is a new comprehensive approximation to the study of the act of smoking, incorporating the investigation of the social aspects of smoking and the selection of plants through the collection of direct and indirect information. Ethnohistoric and ethnographic documents were consulted, and we obtained direct evidence through the application of recovery techniques and the analysis of microfossils contained in the residues found in pipes from archaeological sites in the northern semi-arid, central and southern Chile. Furthermore, the social operational chain involved in the action of smoking is an important part of this study, as is reaching wider conclusions, reason for which a new approach has been proposed with the object of understanding the defi nition of Smoking Complex.The preliminary results support this study, with the observation of the differential depositation in the chambers and pipes/mouthpieces (cultural depositation) and sediment (natural depositation). In turn, the study differentiates various categories of microfossils and highlights the presence of starches with characteristics that may be attributed to Nicotiana spp. As a part of this proposal, the sequence of social contents linked to the act of smoking is explained and graphically shownas an operational model.Diccionario    Este trabajo es una nueva aproximación integral al estudio de pipas prehispánicas, incorporando la indagación de los aspectos sociales involucrados en el acto de fumar, y la selección de plantas utilizadas para esa finalidad, a través de la recopilación de información indirecta y directa. Se consultaron fuentes etnohistóricas y etnográfi cas que aportan al tema, y se aplicaron técnicas de recuperación y análisis de microfósiles contenidos en residuos adheridos de pipas procedentes de sitios arqueológicos del norte semiárido, zona central y sur de Chile. La cadena social operativa que se desarrolla en los diversos procesos que confluyen en la acción de fumar, es parte importante de este estudio, así como lo es llegar a conclusiones más amplias al proponer un nuevo enfoque para entender la definición de Complejos Fumatorios.Los primeros resultados obtenidos avalan la dirección positiva del estudio realizado, con la observación de residuos diferenciales en los hornillos y los tubos/boquillas (depositación cultural) y los sedimentos (depositación natural). A su vez se discriminan diversas categorías de microfósiles, y se destaca la presencia de almidones cuyas características pueden atribuirse a Nicotiana spp. Como parte de la propuesta, la secuencia de contenidos sociales vinculados a la acción de fumar, es explicada y graficada en un modelo operacional.  

The influence of natural flow regimes on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a semiarid Mediterranean basin

The investigation of flow-ecology relationships constitutes the basis for the development of environmental flow criteria. The need to understand hydrology-ecology linkages in natural systems has increased owing to the prospect of climate change and flow regime management, especially in water-scarce areas such as Mediterranean basins. Our research quantified the macroinvertebrate community response at family, genus and species level to natural flow regime dynamics in freshwater streams of a Mediterranean semiarid basin (Segura River, SE Spain) and identified the flow components that influence the composition and richness of biotic assemblages. Flow stability and minimum flows were the principal hydrological drivers of macroinvertebrate assemblages, whereas the magnitude of average and maximum flows had a limited effect. Perennial stable streams were characterized by flow sensitive lotic taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) and intermittent streams by predominately lentic taxa (Odonata, Coleoptera, Heteroptera and Diptera). Relatively minor biological changes were recorded for intermediate flow regime classes along a gradient of flow stability. Seasonal variation and minimum flows are key hydrological components that need to be considered for river management and environmental flows in the Segura River basin and other Mediterranean basins. The anthropogenic modification of these parameters, due to both human activities and climate change, would probably lead to significant changes in the structure and composition of communities in perennial stable streams. This would be characterized by a reduction of flow sensitive Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa and an increase in more resilient Odonata, Coleoptera, Heteroptera and Diptera taxa. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Jellyfish stings trigger gill disorders and increased mortality in farmed sparus aurata (linnaeus, 1758) in the mediterranean sea

Jellyfish are of particular concern for marine finfish aquaculture. In recent years repeated mass mortality episodes of farmed fish were caused by blooms of gelatinous cnidarian stingers, as a consequence of a wide range of hemolytic, cytotoxic, and neurotoxic properties of associated cnidocytes venoms. The mauve stinger jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca (Scyphozoa) has been identified as direct causative agent for several documented fish mortality events both in Northern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea aquaculture farms. We investigated the effects of P. noctiluca envenomations on the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata by in vivo laboratory assays. Fish were incubated for 8 hours with jellyfish at 3 different densities in 300 l experimental tanks. Gill disorders were assessed by histological analyses and histopathological scoring of samples collected at time intervals from 3 hours to 4 weeks after initial exposure. Fish gills showed different extent and severity of gill lesions according to jellyfish density and incubation time, and long after the removal of jellyfish from tanks. Jellyfish envenomation elicits local and systemic inflammation reactions, histopathology and gill cell toxicity, with severe impacts on fish health. Altogether, these results shows P. noctiluca swarms may represent a high risk for Mediterranean finfish aquaculture farms, generating significant gill damage after only a few hours of contact with farmed S. aurata. Due to the growth of the aquaculture sector and the increased frequency of jellyfish blooms in the coastal waters, negative interactions between stinging jellyfish and farmed fish are likely to increase with the potential for significant economic losses

Spatiotemporal Distribution of Key Pelagic Microbes in a Seasonal Oxygen-Deficient Coastal Upwelling System of the Eastern South Pacific Ocean

Indexación: Scopus.The strong seasonal variability in physical-chemical conditions of the Eastern South Pacific Ocean creates an ideal setting to study spatiotemporal distribution of key marine microbial communities. We herein report a nearly 4-year-long time series of the variability in amoA gene counts of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (betaproteobacteria, bAOB) by quantitative PCR, GI.1a Thaumarchaeota and MG-II Euryarchaeota by CARD-FISH, and the picoplanktonic community by flow cytometry for this area. During spring-summer, non-photosynthetic picoplankton such as MG-II Euryarchaeota and GI.1a Thaumarchaeota peaked at the surface and deeper waters, respectively. General AOA and bAOB achieved higher abundances at the oxycline mainly in summer (up to 105–104 amoA copies mL–1). Generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS) indicated that season and depth account for 19–46% of variations in the abundance of the groups studied, particularly GI.1a Thaumarchaeota and AOA. The oxygen and nitrite concentration were statistically meaningful predictors for the studied groups. GAMLSS models indicate that ammonia oxidizing assemblage’s variability is coupled with ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate variations. Our results indicate that microbial abundances fluctuation is associated with upwelling variability and oxygen-deficient water conditions that shape the substrates availability and metabolic response of marine microbes, including keystone ammonia oxidizing assemblages and their ecological interactions. Overall, our results support planktonic nitrification activity and its contribution to nitrous oxide excess production in the time series off Concepción and the ecological dynamics regarding AOA and bAOB in coastal waters. © Copyright © 2020 Molina, Belmar, Levipan, Ramírez-Flandes, Anguita, Galán, Montes and Ulloa.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.561597/ful

The aquaculture supply chain in the time of covid-19 pandemic: vulnerability, resilience, solutions and priorities at the global scale

The COVID-19 global pandemic has had severe, unpredictable and synchronous impacts on all levels of perishable food supply chains (PFSC), across multiple sectors and spatial scales. Aquaculture plays a vital and rapidly expanding role in food security, in some cases overtaking wild caught fisheries in the production of high-quality animal protein in this PFSC. We performed a rapid global assessment to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related emerging control measures on the aquaculture supply chain. Socio-economic effects of the pandemic were analysed by surveying the perceptions of stakeholders, who were asked to describe potential supply-side disruption, vulnerabilities and resilience patterns along the production pipeline with four main supply chain components: a) hatchery, b) production/processing, c) distribution/logistics and d) market. We also assessed different farming strategies, comparing land- vs. sea-based systems; extensive vs. intensive methods; and with and without integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, IMTA. In addition to evaluating levels and sources of economic distress, interviewees were asked to identify mitigation solutions adopted at local / internal (i.e., farm-site) scales, and to express their preference on national / external scale mitigation measures among a set of a priori options. Survey responses identified the potential causes of disruption, ripple effects, sources of food insecurity, and socio-economic conflicts. They also pointed to various levels of mitigation strategies. The collated evidence represents a first baseline useful to address future disaster-driven responses, to reinforce the resilience of the sector and to facilitate the design reconstruction plans and mitigation measures, such as financial aid strategies.publishe

Respuesta del asociacionismo municipal frente a la crisis social y sanitaria en Chile: gobiernos locales, estado central y gestión de crisis

The present document aims to systematize the municipal response to the social and health crisis based on the associative experience. The aim is to show how municipal associations can articulate innovative and strong responses to other social actors and institutions in crisis contexts. The text is prepared based on documentary review and observation of the process “from within” by the authors. The two processes subjected to an initial review are the Municipal National Consultation and the associative action of Chilean municipalities in the face of the COVID19 pandemic. Both processes are understood as part of the advances and setbacks of the de-centralizing processes, at a time when the country is experiencing a crisis but where a broad constitutional debate is also beginning that can channel the ideas that emerged in these. The text presents theoretical, practical and experiential aspects of the communal as a possible response to the crisis, at a time of revaluation of local leaderships and the visualization of the communal space as the one with the greatest proximity between the state and the citizens. This response would be built mainly from associationism, innovation and coordination between social actors, academics and citizensEl presente documento tiene como objetivo sistematizar la respuesta municipal frente a la crisis social y sanitaria a partir de la experiencia asociativa. Se quiere dar cuenta de cómo el asociacionismo municipal puede articular respuestas innovadoras y fuertes frente a otros actores sociales e instituciones en contextos de crisis. El texto está elaborado en base a revisión documental y la observación del proceso “desde dentro” por parte de los autores. Los dos procesos sometidos a una revisión inicial son la Consulta Nacional Municipal y la acción asociativa de las municipalidades chilenas frente a la pandemia de COVID19. Entendidos ambos procesos como parte de avances y retrocesos de los procesos descentralizadores, en momentos que el país vive una crisis pero donde también se inicia un amplio debate constitucional que puede canalizar las ideas surgidas en estos. El texto presenta aspectos teóricos, prácticos y experienciales de lo comunal como una respuesta posible a la crisis, en un momento de revalorización de los liderazgos locales y de visualización del espacio comunal como el de mayor cercanía entre el estado y la ciudadanía. Esta respuesta se construiría principalmente desde el asociacionismo, la innovación y la coordinación entre actores sociales, académicos y ciudadaní

RESPUESTA DEL ASOCIACIONISMO MUNICIPAL FRENTE A LA CRISIS SOCIAL Y SANITARIA EN CHILE: GOBIERNOS LOCALES, ESTADO CENTRAL Y GESTIÓN DE CRISIS

The present document aims to systematize the municipal response to the social and health crisis based on the associative experience. The aim is to show how municipal associations can articulate innovative and strong responses to other social actors and institutions in crisis contexts. The text is prepared based on documentary review and observation of the process “from within” by the authors. The two processes subjected to an initial review are the Municipal National Consultation and the associative action of Chilean municipalities in the face of the COVID19 pandemic. Both processes are understood as part of the advances and setbacks of the decentralizing processes, at a time when the country is experiencing a crisis but where a broad constitutional debate is also beginning that can channel the ideas that emerged in these. The text presents theoretical, practical and experiential aspects of the communal as a possible response to the crisis, at a time of revaluation of local leaderships and the visualization of the communal space as the one with the greatest proximity between the State and the citizens. This response would be built mainly from associationism, innovation and coordination between social actors, academics and citizens.El presente documento tiene como objetivo sistematizar la respuesta municipal frente a la crisis social y sanitaria a partir de la experiencia asociativa. Se quiere dar cuenta de cómo el asociacionismo municipal puede articular respuestas innovadoras y fuertes frente a otros actores sociales e instituciones en contextos de crisis. El texto está elaborado en base a revisión documental y la observación del proceso “desde dentro” por parte de los autores. Los dos procesos sometidos a una revisión inicial son la Consulta Nacional Municipal y la acción asociativa de las municipalidades chilenas frente a la pandemia de COVID19. Entendidos ambos procesos como parte de avances y retrocesos de los procesos descentralizadores, en momentos que el país vive una crisis pero donde también se inicia un amplio debate constitucional que puede canalizar las ideas surgidas en estos. El texto presenta aspectos teóricos, prácticos y experienciales de lo comunal como una respuesta posible a la crisis, en un momento de revalorización de los liderazgos locales y de visualización del espacio comunal como el de mayor cercanía entre el Estado y la ciudadanía. Esta respuesta se construiría principalmente desde el asociacionismo, la innovación y la coordinación entre actores sociales, académicos y ciudadanía

Electrochemical and computational study of copper(II) alkylpyrazolone-based enamine complex

J. Chil. Chem. Soc., 2008, 53, 1689-169