12 research outputs found
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
Young poorly crystalline graphite in the >3.8-Gyr-old Nuvvuagittuq banded iron formation
ITO Interface Modifiers Can Improve <i>V</i><sub>OC</sub> in Polymer Solar Cells and Suppress Surface Recombination
We use dipolar phosphonic acid self-assembled
monolayers (PA SAMs)
to modify the work function of the hole-extracting contact in polymer/fullerene
bulk heterojunction solar cells. We observe a linear dependence of
the open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>OC</sub>) of these
organic photovoltaic devices on the modified indium tin oxide (ITO)
work function when using a donor polymer with a deep-lying ionization
energy. With specific SAMs, we can obtain <i>V</i><sub>OC</sub> values exceeding those obtained with the common polyÂ(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyÂ(styrenesulfonate)
(PEDOT:PSS) hole-extraction layer. We measure charge-carrier lifetimes
and densities using transient photovoltage and charge extraction in
a series of devices with SAM-modified contacts. As expected, these
measurements show systematically longer carrier lifetimes in devices
with higher <i>V</i><sub>OC</sub> values; however, the trends
provide useful distinctions between different hypotheses of how transient
photovoltage decays might be controlled by surface chemistry. We interpret
our results as being consistent with changes in the band bending at
the ITO/bulk heterojunction interface that have the net result of
altering the internal electric field to help prevent electrons in
fullerene domains from undergoing surface recombination at the hole-extracting
electrode
Canadaâs Truth and Reconciliation Commission: Assessing context, process, and critiques
2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations : summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research