Kantzonsskötsel sett över tid i Krycklans avrinningsområde : har sammansättningen i kantzoner påverkats av tidigare skogsskötsel sedan 1963?

Ecosystem services and many conflicting interests make management of small streams in the forest an important topic. Streams need to be protected in a way that maintains water quality, quantity and riparian characteristics. In 2013 the Swedish Forest Agency presented new Strategic Management Objectives (SMOs or “målbilder”), that included directives for protecting streams in the forest by better management of riparian zones and creation of buffers. The aim of this study was to determine how past forest management has affected riparian zones. The data was collected within the Krycklan Catchment Study area in Vindeln, Västerbotten County, Sweden in autumn of 2019. Characteristics of the riparian zones, such as species richness of woody plants and the presence of stumps, were inventoried and have been analysed both over time and at different distances from the stream. Additionally, a subjective visual analysis of aerial photos (from 1963 to 2013) and a measure of the buffer width left after a harvest were made. The results showed a connection between both species richness of all woody plants and deciduous species related to distance from stream and age class. Presence of stumps for deciduous trees decreased over time. There were also differences in riparian buffer width over time. It was difficult to see a correlation between past forest management and the components inventoried in riparian zones. The changes in the Forestry Act in 1993 could have had some effect on the protection of streams. The SMOs from 2013 have not yet had an effect on riparian zones.Ekosystemtjänster och många intressenter gör skydd av små vattendrag i skogen till en viktig fråga. Vattendragen måste skyddas och skötas så kvaliteten och kvantiteten inte sjunker. Politik och lagar har reglerat hur skogsbruk ska bedrivas och 2013 kom nya målbilder vilket kunde utveckla skydd för vattendrag ytterligare. Målet med detta kandidatarbete var att se hur den historiska skogsskötseln har påverkat och utvecklat kantzoner över tid. Denna infallsvinkel är intressant för framtida skötsel och skydd av dels vattendrag men också av skogens- och vattnets ekosystem. Datat som är använt kommer från Krycklans avrinningsområde, Vindeln, Västerbottens län, Sverige och är insamlat hösten 2019. Olika komponenter i kantzonen som till exempel artrikedom och förekomst av stubbar har inventerats och analyserats. För att komplettera analysen har subjektiva analyser gjorts av flygfoton (från 1963 till 2013) och bredden på lämnade kantzoner efter avverkning har mätts. Resultatet visade att det fanns ett samband mellan de olika inventerade komponenterna och åldersklass respektive avstånd från vattendraget. Det syntes skillnad i bredd på kantzoner som var lämnade innan och efter 1993. Det var svårt att se en korrelation mellan tidigare skogsskötsel och de inventerade komponenterna i kantzoner. Ändringarna i Skogsvårdslagen 1993 kan ha haft en effekt på kantzoner och det önskade skyddet av vattendrag. Målbilderna från 2013 har inte påverkat zonerna i denna studie

Krav på robusthet i prefabricerade betongkonstruktioner

The ability for a damaged structure to withstand progressive collapse is often referred to as robustness. A robust building is characterized by the fact that the consequence of local damage is never more severe than the initial event. The way in which structural robustness is approached in the design of a building differs a great deal from one structural engineer to another. For a structure in consequence class 2b or higher, Eurocode requires that at least one out of three alternatives (indirect method, direct method, key element) is applied. Guidance for when and how to apply each method is appalling or completely missing. In addition to this, there are two different parts of Eurocode (EN 1991-1-7 and EN 1992-1-1) treating the subject and for a given set of circumstances, result in different design tensile forces. It’s difficult to conclude which part of Eurocode and which set of equations to apply. This leads to a situation where each structural engineer has to make his own individual interpretation of the code. However, by researching, reasoning and by mapping arguments from structural engineers with varying academic backgrounds (structural engineering consultants, professors and PhD students) it’s possible to identify interpretations that are more rational than others

Temporal associations between morningness/eveningness, problematic social media use, psychological distress and daytime sleepiness: mediated roles of sleep quality and insomnia among young adults

The extant literature has suggested relationships between an individual's chronotype (in relation to morningness/eveningness) and several outcomes, including addictive disorders, psychological distress and daytime sleepiness. Moreover, sleep quality has been proposed to be a mediator in the aforementioned relationships. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the complex relationship between morningness/eveningness, problematic social media use, psychological distress and daytime sleepiness, with the potential mediators of sleep quality and insomnia. All participants (N = 1,791 [30.1% males]; mean age = 27.2 years, SD = 10.1) completed a battery of psychometric scales, including a reduced version of the Morningness‐Eveningness Questionnaire (at baseline), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index (1 month after baseline assessment), the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (2 months after baseline assessment). The impacts of morningness‐eveningness on problematic social media use, anxiety, depression and daytime sleepiness were found in the mediation models. Furthermore, the mediated effects of insomnia and sleep quality were observed. The present study's results emphasize the importance of promoting healthy sleep habits and sleep hygiene behaviours, and that of early detection of sleep problems among individuals who have the eveningness chronotype, because this would significantly improve their health outcomes

Patient participation in nursing bedside handover: a systematic mixed-methods review

Background: Numerous reviews of nursing handover have been undertaken, but none have focused on the patients’ role. Objectives: To explore how patient participation in nursing shift-to-shift bedside handover can be enacted. Design: Systematic mixed-methods review. Data sources: Three search strategies were undertaken in July-August 2016: database searching, backwards citation searching and forward citation searching. To be included, papers had to either be research or quality improvement (QI) projects focusing on the patient role. Fifty-four articles were retrieved, including 21 studies and 25 QI projects. Review methods: Screening, data extraction and quality appraisal was undertaken systematically by two reviewers. Research studies and QI projects were synthesised separately using thematic synthesis, then the results of this synthesis were combined using a mixed-method synthesis table. Results: Segregated synthesis of research of patients’ perceptions revealed two contrasting categories; (1) patient-centred handover and (2) nurse-centred handover. Segregated synthesis of research of nurses’ perceptions included three categories: (1) viewing the patient as an information resource; (2) dealing with confidential and sensitive information; and (3) enabling patient participation. The segregated synthesis of QI projects included two categories: (1) nurse barrier to enacting patient participation in bedside handover; and (2) involving patients in beside handover. Once segregated findings were configured, we discovered that the patients’ role in bedside handover involves contributing clinical information related to their care or progress, which may affect patient safety. Barriers relate to nurses’ concerns for the consequences of encouraging patient participation, worries for sharing confidential and sensitive information and feeling hesitant in changing their handover methods. The way nurses approach patients, and how patient-centred they are, constitute further potential barriers. Strategies to improve patient participation in handover include training nurses, making handovers predictable for patients and involving both patients and nurses throughout the change process. Conclusions: Using research and QI projects allowed diverse findings to expand each other and identify gaps between research and heuristic knowledge. Our review showed the tension between standardising handovers and making them predictable for patient participation, while promoting tailored and flexible handovers. Further investigation of this issue is required, to understand how to train nurses and ensure patients’ viewpoint is captured. Many barriers and strategies identified QI projects were from the nurse perspective, thus caution interpreting results is required. We recommend steps be taken in the future to ensure improved quality of QI projects

Patient influence in home-based reablement for older persons: qualitative research

Abstract Background Reablement services are rehabilitation for older people living at home, being person-centered in information, mapping and the goal-setting conversation. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about conversation processes and patient influence in formulating the patients’ goals. There are two research questions: How do conversation theme, structure and processes appear in interactions aiming to decide goals of home-based reablement rehabilitation for the elderly? How professionals’ communication skills do influence on patients' participation in conversation about everyday life and goals of home-based reablement? Methods A qualitative field study explored eight cases of naturally occurring conversations between patients and healthcare professionals in a rehabilitation team. Patients were aged 67–90 years old. The reablement team consisted of an occupational therapist, physiotherapist, nurse and care workers. Data was collected by audio recording the conversations. Transcribed text was analyzed for conversational theme and communication patterns as they emerged within main themes. Results Patient participation differed with various professional leadership and communication in the information, mapping and goalsetting process. In the data material in its entirety, conversations consisted mainly of three parts where each part dealt with one of the three main topics. The first part was “Introduction to the program.” The main part of the talk was about mapping (“Varying patient participation when discussing everyday life”), while the last part was about goal setting (“Goals of rehabilitation”). Conclusions Home-based reablement requires communication skills to encourage user participation, and mapping of resources and needs, leading to the formulation of objectives. Professional health workers must master integrating two intentions: goal-oriented and person-centered communication that requires communication skills and leadership ability in communication, promoting patient influence and goal-setting. Quality of such conversations is complex, and requires the ability to apply integrated knowledge, skills and attitudes appropriate to communication situations

Response of Spring Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla vernalis L.) to fire disturbance : a population study in northern Sweden

Spring Pasque Flower, Pulsatilla vernalis (L.) Mill, is a perennial plant which grows in open and sandy pine forests. It is considered sensitive to competition and in need of repeated disturbances. In Sweden P. vernalis has declined severely and was assessed as endangered (EN) in the latest Red List. The boreal forest has historically been disturbed by wildfires but in Scandinavia wildfires are rare today and this is thought to have affected many species negatively, including P. vernalis. The aim of this study was to examine survival and growth of P. vernalis after fire disturbance. A prescribed burning was made in August 2020, covering parts of a large P. vernalis population at Hokaberg, Härjedalen, northern Sweden. Before burning 108 plants were marked and the first re-growing plants were observed within only 18 days. In the summer of 2021 all marked plants were inventoried, showing that 78 percent had survived the fire. Plant size increased between the summer and autumn of 2021 in spite of considerable grazing. None of the plants in the burned area flowered in 2021 but in autumn many had set flower buds. In the unburned area at Hokaberg few plants flowered in 2021 and no seedlings were observed. Here many of the plants were hardly grazed and 20 percent lost all their aboveground parts. A seedling experiment with burned and unburned soil from Hokaberg was set up in the lab. Growth was marginally better in burnt soil but the main result was that growth differed markedly between individual soil samples. Half of the plants were given an external nitrogen source, but this did not affect the growth. To conclude, the fire resulted in low mortality and strong post-fire growth. Many plants in the burned area are set to flower in 2022, in spite of the grazing pressure. Observations of abundant seedling establishment at a nearby older burnt area suggest that the population at Hokaberg will expand considerably in the coming years in response to the prescribed fire.Mosippa, Pulsatilla vernalis (L.) Mill., är en flerårig ört som växer i ljusa sandtallskogar, är konkurrenskänslig och anses långsiktigt beroende av återkommande störningar. Mosippan har en starkt nedgående trend och bedömdes som starkt hotad, EN, i rödlistan 2020. I Skandinavien har skogsbränderna kraftigt minskat under mer än ett sekel och detta tros ha påverkat många arter negativt, däribland mosippan. Syftet med denna studie var att utreda mosippans överlevnad och tillväxt efter brandstörning. En bränning genomfördes i augusti 2020 inom en större mosippslokal i Hokaberg, Härjedalen. Inför bränningen markerades 108 mosippor. De första återväxande plantorna observerades redan efter 18 dagar. Sommaren 2021 inventerades alla märkta plantor och 22 procent hade dött av branden. Plantorna ökade i storlek från sommaren till hösten trots att de utsattes för bete. Ingen av plantorna i brännan blommade 2021 men många av dem hade satt blomknopp. På den obrända lokalen i Hokaberg fanns få blommor 2021 och inga groddplantor. Många av plantorna i det obrända området var svårt betade och 20 procent saknade helt grönmassa hösten 2021. Ett såddförsök med bränd och obränd jord genomfördes i labb. Resultatet visades något bättre tillväxt i bränd jord, men framförallt stor skillnad mellan individuella jordprover. Hälften av krukorna tillsattes en extern kvävekälla men det gav inget tydlig effekt på tillväxten. Slutsatsen är att naturvårdsbränningen gav upphov till en viss mortalitet men att många av mosipporna i det brända området kommer att blomma redan år två, trots påtagligt bete och mager mark. Observationer av riklig etablering av groddplantor på en näraliggande ett år äldre bränna indikerar att populationen kommer att växa betydligt de närmaste åren

Interaktiv forskning

Från inledningen: I detta paper är min avsikt att beskriva och diskutera den interaktiva forsk-ningen och hur kunskap kan skapas i denna ansats samt öka förståelsen för hur jag som forskare bör interagera med praktiken för att skapa ett gemen-sam lärande. Jag kommer att utgå från min metoddesign och kritiskt disku-tera huruvida den beskrivna ansatsen kan öka kunskapsbildningen och va-liditeten i min forskning

USA - ett föredöme eller skräckexempel? : En kritisk analys av strukturell rasism i samband med mötes- och demonstrationsfriheten i USA

Police brutality is a problematic feature of the American society that has caused civil unrest among the vast majority. The excessive use of force from American police forces sparked off a wave of protests during 2020 in which people called for the abolishment of unnecessary and unethical police violence against civilians. The importance of the Black Lives Matter movement has been highlighted by the authoritarian response to the protests and the inhumane treatment of ethnic minorities in the United States. But given the strong protection of the freedom of speech and the freedom of assembly in the U.S. constitution, the problem seems to be intertwined with inappropriate attitudes of officials rather than written shortcomings in the law. In this thesis, I investigate how structural racism has affected the freedom of assembly in the United States, which is done through a critical review of relevant literature and documents concerning contemporary challenges for the Black Lives Matter movement. Various reports have addressed the mishandling of Black Lives Matter protests from American police forces and their arbitrarily use of the law to disperse them, e.g., by classifying predominantly peaceful demonstrations as “unlawful assemblies”. This is the kind of dishonest behaviour that I scrutinize further in this study, which is of great importance since it affects peoples’ human rights and ultimately threatens the collective well-being of the American people.  I also investigate and critically discuss the components of a sustainable understanding of the freedom of assembly, which is done through a theoretical analysis of the views of Ronald Dworkin and Jeremy Waldron. From this analysis, I learn about substantial problems that may arise from different theoretical understandings of this right and about the importance of spreading awareness of different forms of racism. Only by acknowledging the existence of racism in our societies, we can protect vulnerable groups from derogatory behaviours and together achieve social justice

The professional caregivers experiences when a patient commits suicide.

Inom psykiatrisk verksamhet händer det att patienter tar sitt liv under pågående behandling eller i direkt anslutning till en behandlingsperiod. Enligt patientsäkerhetsförordningen måste dessa händelser rapporteras och utredas. Syftet med patientsäkerhetsförordningen är att den ska främja hög patientsäkerhet inom hälso- och sjukvård genom att minska antalet vårdskador, oavsett om bristerna beror på systemfel eller på att vårdpersonal begått misstag. Fokus är således på ett patientperspektiv, därför känns det angeläget att studera upplevelser som väcks hos olika grupper av vårdgivare när en patient begår suicid. Frågeställningar: Behandlares upplevelser när en patient gör suicid. Metod: En kvalitativ intervju på fenomenologisk grund genomfördes med fem vårdgivare i psykiatrisk verksamhet, två sjuksköterskor med steg 1 utbildning och tre skötare. Resultat: Upplevelser hos vårdgivare som är med om en patients suicid kännetecknas av chock, traumatisk stress och sorg. Det väcks också tankar som rör den egna professionen och i en del fall oro för följder av beslut som i efterhand kan bedömas vara felaktiga. Diskussion: När vårdgivare intervjuas om sina upplevelser efter en patients suicid, berättas om olika reaktioner som inte uppmärksammats nämnvärt. Det känns därför angeläget att belysa de upplevelser av chock, sorg och traumatisk karaktär som är vanliga