El consumo de drogas en menores extranjeros no acompañados en situación de calle. Análisis de los factores de riesgo e intervención

Los Menores Extranjeros No Acompañados (MENA) es un colectivo más vulnerable que el resto de los refugiados e inmigrantes en general ya que, además de su condición de extranjeros, también son menores y han emigrado solos a otro país. Habitualmente se le otorga más importancia a su condición de extranjeros que a la de menores desamparados que necesitan protección, siendo vulnerables ante factores de riesgo como el consumo de sustancias. Este trabajo tiene la finalidad de conocer y analizar cuáles son los motivos que llevan a los MENA a consumir drogas y acercarnos a los principales factores de riesgo que pueden incidir en dichos consumos problemáticos, realizando una propuesta de intervención donde diferentes instituciones trabajan coordinadas para cubrir sus necesidades.Foreign Unaccompanied Minors (MENA) is a more vulnerable group than the rest of refugees and immigrants in general since, in addition to their status as foreigners, they are also minors and they have migrated alone to another country. Their status as foreigners is usually given more importance than that of homeless minors who need protection, being vulnerable to risk factors such as substance use. This work has the purpose of knowing and analyzing what are the reasons that lead MENA to consume drugs and to get closer to the main risk factors that may affect such problematic consumption, making a proposal for intervention where different institutions work in coordination to serve their needs.Grado en Educación Socia

Antimicrobial properties and volatile profile of bread and biscuits melanoidins

This work gives novel information about the antimicrobial effect and volatiles of melanoidins isolated from Maria biscuit, common and soft bread. Melanoidins were isolated from scraped and sieved crusts (1 mm), after gluten digestion, 10 kDa ultrafiltration, and diafiltration. Finally, they were freeze-dried. Headspace solid-phase dynamic extraction coupled with a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometer was used to determine the volatile profiles. The antimicrobial effect was evaluated against isolated strains of the most relevant food spoilage and pathogen microorganisms, together with some molds and yeasts. Melanoidins from common bread exhibited the most extensive antimicrobial activities and showed the most composite volatile profile. No undesirable compounds, such as furfural and 5-hydroxy-methyl-furfural, were found in any of the melanoidins studied. The obtained data pointed out that bakery melanoidins can exert effective food technological properties as natural antimicrobials that can improve shelf-life and security of foodstuffs, together with a possible contribution to food aroma.Government of Autonomous Community of Castile-Leon and FEDER funds [JCyL/FEDER, BU243P18]

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the questionnaire of students' attitudes towards schizophrenia

En el presente estudio se analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en castellano del Cuestionario de Actitudes de los Estudiantes hacia la Esquizofrenia. Se trata de un instrumento diseñado y aplicado originalmente en Alemania. Los resultados encontrados señalan un alpha de Cronbach de .95. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio señaló la existencia, al igual que la versión original, de dos factores con una varianza total explicada del 59.94%. Esta estructura fue confirmada por el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio. Sin embargo, el contenido y significado de estos dos factores difieren ligeramente de la muestra alemana. En este caso, el primer factor haría referencia a miedo o temor hacia las personas con esquizofrenia, el segundo se refiere a estereotipos. Se discute la importancia de estos resultados.The present study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Student Attitudes Questionnaire towards Schizophrenia. It is an instrument originally designed and applied in Germany. The results found point to a Cronbach alpha of .95. The Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated the existence, as the original version, of two factors with a total variance explained of 59.94%. This structure was confirmed by the Factorial Confirmatory Analysis. However, the content and significance of these two factors differ slightly from the German sample. In this case, the first factor would refer to fear or fear towards people with schizophrenia, the second refers to stereotypes. The importance of these results is discussed

¿Qué opina el alumnado de primaria sobre el uso de rutinas del pensamiento como instrumento de evaluación formativa?

Las metodologías de enseñanza denominadas activas necesitan de una evaluación congruente con el nuevo rol que se asigna al alumnado en su proceso de aprendizaje. El objetivo de esta experiencia educativa es analizar las opiniones del alumnado respecto al uso de un sistema de evaluación formativa y compartida mediante rutinas del pensamiento para evaluar un proyecto de aprendizaje, ya que es la primera vez que se lleva a cabo en el aula. Para ello, se ha seguido la metodología cualitativa y un diseño de estudio de caso. Los participantes han sido 20 estudiantes de 6º curso de Educación Primaria. Los resultados revelan que los estudiantes prefieren la evaluación formativa y compartida y consideran que es un proceso más justo y aprenden más. En conclusión, la evaluación formativa y compartida mediante rutinas de pensamiento es valorada por el alumnado de forma muy positiva

Aplicación del sistema de evaluación formativa y compartida a un proyecto gamificado

En este artículo se expone cómo se ha introducido la Evaluación Formativa y Compartida en La misión de la luz negra, un proyecto de aprendizaje expresivo en Educación física que se ha aplicado durante el curso académico 2018/2019 en un aula de Educación Primaria de un centro rural de Segovia. Uno de los elementos fundamentales de la gamificación educativa es la retroalimentación constante gracias a la cual el alumnado puede conseguir niveles, puntos o badges. Dicha retroalimentación se ha aprovechado para desarrollar y aplicar diferentes instrumentos de Evaluación Formativa y Compartida, tales como el Informe de la misión semanal que recogía una evaluación cualitativa y cuantitativa tanto grupal como individual. Tras finalizar el proyecto, el alumnado indicó que este sistema de evaluación les permitió autorregular su aprendizaje, reconociendo así lo que debían continuar realizando o mejorar

Desbrozando caminos en el estudio taxonómico de insectos: una experiencia con taxonomía afídica

Estudiar la taxonomía de cualquier grupo animal requiere de conocimientos específicos del grupo taxonómico en cuestión. En este caso, se expone cómo hemos adquirido las competencias suficientes como para empezar a estudiar la taxonomía de los áfidos (Aphididae), iniciándonos con la identificación y el estudio morfométrico de esta familia de Hemípteros y continuando con un estudio más profundo aún en desarrollo

Discovery of first-in-class reversible dual small molecule inhibitors against G9a and DNMTs in hematological malignancies

The indisputable role of epigenetics in cancer and the fact that epigenetic alterations can be reversed have favoured development of epigenetic drugs. In this study, we design and synthesize potent novel, selective and reversible chemical probes that simultaneously inhibit the G9a and DNMTs methyltransferase activity. In vitro treatment of haematological neoplasia (acute myeloid leukaemia-AML, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-ALL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma-DLBCL) with the lead compound CM-272, inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis, inducing interferon-stimulated genes and immunogenic cell death. CM-272 significantly prolongs survival of AML, ALL and DLBCL xenogeneic models. Our results represent the discovery of first-in-class dual inhibitors of G9a/DNMTs and establish this chemical series as a promising therapeutic tool for unmet needs in haematological tumours.We particularly acknowledge the Biobank of the University of Navarra for its collaboration. We thank Dr Edorta Martínez de Marigorta and Dr Francisco Palacios from Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del Pais Vasco for 13C NMR determination and Angel Irigoyen Barrio and Dr Ana Romo Hualde, from University of Navarra, for HRMS determination. Dr. Irene de Miguel Turrullols from Small Molecule Discovery Platform, CIMA, University of Navarra is acknowledged for NMR data interpretation. This work was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) PI10/01691, PI13/01469, PI14/01867, PI10/2983, TRASCAN (EPICA), CIBERONC, cofinanciacion FEDER, RTICC RD12/0036/0068, Fundació La Marató de TV3 (20132130-31-32) and ‘Fundación Fuentes Dutor’. B.P. is supported by a Sara Borrell fellowship CD13/00340 and X.A. is a Marie Curie researcher under contract ‘LincMHeM-330598’.S

Selection for environmental variance of litter size in rabbits

[EN] Background: In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the genetic determination of environmental variance. In the case of litter size, environmental variance can be related to the capacity of animals to adapt to new environmental conditions, which can improve animal welfare. Results: We developed a ten-generation divergent selection experiment on environmental variance. We selected one line of rabbits for litter size homogeneity and one line for litter size heterogeneity by measuring intra-doe phenotypic variance. We proved that environmental variance of litter size is genetically determined and can be modified by selection. Response to selection was 4.5% of the original environmental variance per generation. Litter size was consistently higher in the Low line than in the High line during the entire experiment. Conclusions: We conclude that environmental variance of litter size is genetically determined based on the results of our divergent selection experiment. 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