"Man up": Medical students’ perceptions of gender and learning in clinical practice: A qualitative study

Context Gender‐related inequality and disparity hinders efforts to develop a medical workforce that facilitates universal access to safe, just and equitable health care. Little is known about how medical students perceive the impact of their gender on their learning in clinical practice. Our aim in this study was to address this gap, establishing students’ perceptions of the impact of their gender on learning in the clinical context as part of the wider medical education community of practice. Methods We undertook a qualitative study that simultaneously gathered data through narrative individual interviews and online case reports from male and female students (n = 31) from different academic cohorts with prior experience of clinical practice in a Russell Group University medical school in the UK. Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically alongside case report data. Results and discussion The participants revealed that there was a culture in clinical practice where their gender influenced how they were taught and supported by senior medical and surgical colleagues. Gender was also said to determine the clinical learning opportunities afforded to students, especially with regards to the care of patients of a different gender. The mentorship and support for learning provided to students in clinical practice was also said to be influenced by the medical student's gender. Conclusion Our findings suggest that students undergo a gendered clinical apprenticeship within what are in effect gendered communities of practice with some distinct features. These findings underscore the imperative for further work to establish how medical students of all genders can be supported to fulfil their potential in clinical practice

Local enterprise partnerships: Socialisation practices enabling business collective action in regional knowledge networks

This article identifies and theorises the interorganisational socialisation mechanisms that facilitatethe knowledge dynamic capabilities of organisations brought together within the applied contextof a U.K. Local Enterprise Partnership. Focusing on the Sheffield City Region's Creative and Dig-ital Industries Sector Group, the data for this study were messages posted to the Creative andDigital Industries Sector Group's online consultation platform. Data analysis proceeded throughinductive thematic analysis. It is revealed that collaborative workspaces, business networksresources, and pathways to internationalisation are perceived to play an important role in facili-tating interorganisational learning. These knowledge socialisation mechanisms are essential toavoid regional competency traps. The article identifies and discusses knowledge socialisationmechanisms that are perceived to play a key role in transferring knowledge between membersof the regional system of innovation. In identifying and discussing knowledge socialisation mech-anisms, this paper offers knowledge management theorists and practitioners—more specifically,regional knowledge brokers and regional development managers—actionable insight into a rangeof strategies that reinforce social ties and increase the flow of knowledge with a view to improv-ing innovation outcomes

Attitudes towards Human Papillomavirus vaccination among African parents in a city in the north of England: A qualitative study.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is sexually transmitted and has been conclusively linked to cervical cancer and genital warts. Cervical cancer is attributed to approximately 1100 deaths annually in UK, and is the second most common female cancer globally. It has been suggested that black African women are more predisposed to HPV infection and cervical cancer. A vaccine has been developed to reduce HPV infection, and in the UK, has been offered to 12-13 year old adolescent girls through schools as part of their childhood immunization programme since 2008. Upon programme initiation, it was noted that vaccine uptake was lower in schools where girls from ethnic minority groups were proportionately higher. Objectives: The study’s objectives were to explore factors influencing UK based African parents’ acceptance or decline of the HPV vaccine, whether fathers and mothers share similar views pertaining to vaccination and any interfamily tensions resulting from differing views. Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted with five African couples residing in north England. Face to face semi-structured interviews were carried out. Participants were parents to at least one daughter aged between 8 and 14 years. Recruitment was done through purposive sampling using snowballing. Results: HPV and cervical cancer awareness was generally low, with awareness lower in fathers. HPV vaccination was generally unacceptable among the participants, with fear of promiscuity, infertility and concerns that it’s still a new vaccine with yet unknown side effects cited as reasons for vaccine decline. There was HPV risk denial 3 as religion and good cultural upbringing seemed to result in low risk perceptions, with HPV and cervical cancer generally perceived as a white person’s disease. Religious values and cultural norms influenced vaccine decision-making, with fathers acting as the ultimate decision makers. Current information about why the vaccine is necessary was generally misunderstood. Conclusion: Tailored information addressing religious and cultural concerns may improve vaccine acceptability in African parents

Managing R&D Processes - Focusing on Technology Development, Product Development, and their Interplay

This thesis concerns management of research and development (R&D) processes, with an emphasis on technology development and product development and their interplay. The aim is to assist companies in leveraging their R&D efforts and to improve the understanding of R&D management. Organizations\u27 capability to develop and integrate new technologies into commercialized products by using effective and repeatable processes plays a key role for competitiveness. Recent research has noted that the contracted term \u27R&D\u27 might, without care, beguile us into disregarding the inherent differences between aspects such as technology development and product development. While similar in some ways to the management of product development, technology development differs in its prerequisites, technical maturity, time horizon, need for competence, process repeatability, and completion point. These differences, entailing specific managerial issues and approaches, are taken account of in this thesis. Further, particular attention is given to the interplay of the two processes, an interplay that can either hinder R&D efforts or spur them to new heights. The chosen research path has been characterized by a practice-centered abductive design, building on studies related to knowledge transfer and technology integration, project management approaches, and organizational forms of R&D. A variety of methods has been used, ranging from company-wide surveys and in-depth case studies to development of hands-on project management techniques and tools. The research has been managerially oriented, conducted longitudinally and in close contact with foremost three companies (Ericsson Mobile Communications, Volvo Truck Corporation, and United Barcode Industries). The research findings belong mainly to two areas. One is the management of internal organizational interfaces, a crucial issue when commercializing new technology. Here, barriers and integration mechanisms have been analyzed, illustrated and explored. The other is management of technology development and product development scope, an issue of long-term strategic importance as well as vital for achieving timely deliveries. Within this area, a visual R&D content tool has been developed and tested, targeting R&D managers who work actively with the scope of projects and the related strategic implications throughout R&D execution

MENGURAI KEMACETAN LALULINTAS PADA AREA LINTASAN KERETA API YANG BERDEKATAN DENGAN SIMPANG EMPAT

Pengaturan lalulintas dengan traffic light pada simpang empat jalan yang memotong lintasan Kerta Api perlu dilakukan koordinasi dengan pengaturan buka-tutupnya Palang pintu lintasan Kereta Api, hal ini dilakukan agar tidak terjadi kemacetan lalulintas pada simpang empat jalan tersebut terutama selama dan setelah beberapa saat Kereta Api melintasi jalan raya tersebut. Salah satu kasus yang yang diangkat pada penelitian ini adalah pada simpang empat Jalan Prof. H.M. Yamin dengan Jalan Gaharu di kota Medan. Peneliti mencoba memecahkan permasalahan tersebut dengan merancang dan membuat sebuah alat yang akan mengkoordinasikan dan mengatur traffic light dengan buka-tutupnya pintu Lintasan Kereta Api, sehingga tidak akan terjadi kemacetan pada simpang empat tersebut. Alat ini menggunakan mikrokontroler AT89C51 sebagai pusat kendalinya. Perancangan ini dilakukan dengan simulasi dalam bentuk miniatur, artinya tidak dilakukan pada keadaan sebenarnya, tetapi kondisi dilapangan dapat terwakili pada simulasi dalam bentuk miniatur tersebut. Key Words : Traffic Light, Lintasan Kereta Api, Simpang Empat, Microkontroler