217 research outputs found
Convective plan-form two-scale dynamos in a plane layer
We study generation of magnetic fields, involving large spatial scales, by
convective plan-forms in a horizontal layer. Magnetic modes and their growth
rates are expanded in power series in the scale ratio, and the magnetic eddy
diffusivity (MED) tensor is derived for flows, symmetric about the vertical
axis in a layer. For convective rolls magnetic eddy correction is demonstrated
to be always positive. For rectangular cell patterns, the region in the
parameter space of negative MED coincides with that of small-scale magnetic
field generation. No instances of negative MED in hexagonal cells are found. A
family of plan-forms with a smaller symmetry group than that of rectangular
cell patterns has been found numerically, where MED is negative for molecular
magnetic diffusivity over the threshold for the onset of small-scale magnetic
field generation.Comment: Latex. 24 pages with 3 Postscript figures, 19 references. Final
version (expanded Appendix 2, 4 references added, notation changed to a more
"user-friendly"), accepted in Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamic
Physical realization of coupled Hilbert-space mirrors for quantum-state engineering
Manipulation of superpositions of discrete quantum states has a mathematical
counterpart in the motion of a unit-length statevector in an N-dimensional
Hilbert space. Any such statevector motion can be regarded as a succession of
two-dimensional rotations. But the desired statevector change can also be
treated as a succession of reflections, the generalization of Householder
transformations. In multidimensional Hilbert space such reflection sequences
offer more efficient procedures for statevector manipulation than do sequences
of rotations. We here show how such reflections can be designed for a system
with two degenerate levels - a generalization of the traditional two-state atom
- that allows the construction of propagators for angular momentum states. We
use the Morris-Shore transformation to express the propagator in terms of
Morris-Shore basis states and Cayley-Klein parameters, which allows us to
connect properties of laser pulses to Hilbert-space motion. Under suitable
conditions on the couplings and the common detuning, the propagators within
each set of degenerate states represent products of generalized Householder
reflections, with orthogonal vectors. We propose physical realizations of this
novel geometrical object with resonant, near-resonant and far-off-resonant
laser pulses. We give several examples of implementations in real atoms or
molecules.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure
Observation of Two New Excited Ξb0 States Decaying to Λb0 K-π+
Two narrow resonant states are observed in the Λb0K-π+ mass spectrum using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb-1. The minimal quark content of the Λb0K-π+ system indicates that these are excited Ξb0 baryons. The masses of the Ξb(6327)0 and Ξb(6333)0 states are m[Ξb(6327)0]=6327.28-0.21+0.23±0.12±0.24 and m[Ξb(6333)0]=6332.69-0.18+0.17±0.03±0.22 MeV, respectively, with a mass splitting of Δm=5.41-0.27+0.26±0.12 MeV, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the Λb0 mass measurement. The measured natural widths of these states are consistent with zero, with upper limits of Γ[Ξb(6327)0]<2.20(2.56) and Γ[Ξb(6333)0]<1.60(1.92) MeV at a 90% (95%) credibility level. The significance of the two-peak hypothesis is larger than nine (five) Gaussian standard deviations compared to the no-peak (one-peak) hypothesis. The masses, widths, and resonant structure of the new states are in good agreement with the expectations for a doublet of 1D Ξb0 resonances
Precision measurement of violation in the penguin-mediated decay
A flavor-tagged time-dependent angular analysis of the decay
is performed using collision data collected
by the LHCb experiment at % at TeV, the center-of-mass energy of
13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6 fb^{-1}. The
-violating phase and direct -violation parameter are measured
to be rad and
, respectively, assuming the same values
for all polarization states of the system. In these results, the
first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. These parameters
are also determined separately for each polarization state, showing no evidence
for polarization dependence. The results are combined with previous LHCb
measurements using collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV,
yielding rad and . This is the most precise study of time-dependent violation
in a penguin-dominated meson decay. The results are consistent with
symmetry and with the Standard Model predictions.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2023-001.html (LHCb
public pages
Measurement of the differential branching fraction
The branching fraction of the rare decay is measured for the first time, in the squared dimuon mass
intervals, , excluding the and regions. The data
sample analyzed was collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies
of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of $9\
\mathrm{fb}^{-1}q^{2}q^{2} >15.0\
\mathrm{GeV}^2/c^4$, where theoretical predictions have the smallest model
dependence, agrees with the predictions.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-050.html (LHCb
public pages
Observation of B(s)0→J/ψpp¯ decays and precision measurements of the B(s)0 masses
The first observation of the decays
B
0
(
s
)
→
J
/
ψ
p
¯
p
is reported, using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of
5.2
fb
−
1
, collected with the LHCb detector. These decays are suppressed due to limited available phase space, as well as due to Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka or Cabibbo suppression. The measured branching fractions are
B
(
B
0
→
J
/
ψ
p
¯
p
)
=
[
4.51
±
0.40
(
stat
)
±
0.44
(
syst
)
]
×
10
−
7
,
B
(
B
0
s
→
J
/
ψ
p
¯
p
)
=
[
3.58
±
0.19
(
stat
)
±
0.39
(
syst
)
]
×
10
−
6
. For the
B
0
s
meson, the result is much higher than the expected value of
O
(
10
−
9
)
. The small available phase space in these decays also allows for the most precise single measurement of both the
B
0
mass as
5279.74
±
0.30
(
stat
)
±
0.10
(
syst
)
MeV
and the
B
0
s
mass as
5366.85
±
0.19
(
stat
)
±
0.13
(
syst
)
MeV
Observation of the decay Λ <sub>b</sub> <sup>0</sup> → ψ(2S)pπ<sup>−</sup>
International audienceThe Cabibbo-suppressed decay Λ → ψ(2S)pπ is observed for the first time using a data sample collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions corresponding to 1.0, 2.0 and 1.9 fb of integrated luminosity at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV, respectively. The ψ(2S) mesons are reconstructed in the μμ final state. The branching fraction with respect to that of the Λ → ψ(2S)pK decay mode is measured to b
Search for CP violation in Λb0→pK− and Λb0→pπ− decays
A search for CP violation in Λb0→pK− and Λb0→pπ− decays is presented using a sample of pp collisions collected with the LHCb detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0fb−1. The CP -violating asymmetries are measured to be ACPpK−=−0.020±0.013±0.019 and ACPpπ−=−0.035±0.017±0.020, and their difference ACPpK−−ACPpπ−=0.014±0.022±0.010, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. These are the most precise measurements of such asymmetries to date
Evidence for an nc(1S)ff- resonance in B0 yc(1S)K+ decays
A Dalitz plot analysis of B0→ηc(1S)K+π- decays is performed using data samples of pp collisions collected with the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of s=7,8 and 13TeV , corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 4.7fb-1 . A satisfactory description of the data is obtained when including a contribution representing an exotic ηc(1S)π- resonant state. The significance of this exotic resonance is more than three standard deviations, while its mass and width are 4096±20-22+18MeV and 152±58-35+60MeV , respectively. The spin-parity assignments JP=0+ and JP=1- are both consistent with the data. In addition, the first measurement of the B0→ηc(1S)K+π- branching fraction is performed and gives B(B0→ηc(1S)K+π-)=(5.73±0.24±0.13±0.66)×10-4, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third is due to limited knowledge of external branching fractions
- …