Protein conjugated with aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation as an independent parameter of the carbonyl stress in the kidney damage

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>One of the well-defined and characterized protein modifications usually produced by oxidation is carbonylation, an irreversible non-enzymatic modification of proteins. However, carbonyl groups can be introduced into proteins by non-oxidative mechanisms. Reactive carbonyl compounds have been observed to have increased in patients with renal failure. In the present work we have described a procedure designed as aldehyde capture to calculate the protein carbonyl stress derived solely from lipid peroxidation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Acrolein-albumin adduct was prepared as standard at alkaline pH. Rat liver microsomal membranes and serum samples from patients with diabetic nephropathy were subjected to the aldehyde capture procedure and aldol-protein formation. Before alkalinization and incubation, samples were precipitated and redisolved in 6M guanidine. The absorbances of the samples were read with a spectrophotometer at 266 nm against a blank of guanidine.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Evidence showed abundance of unsaturated aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomal membranes and in the serum of diabetic patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Carbonyl protein and aldol-proteins resulted higher in the diabetic nephropathy patients (p < 0.004 and p < 0.0001 respectively).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The aldehyde-protein adduct represents a non oxidative component of carbonyl stress, independent of the direct amino acid oxidation and could constitute a practical and novelty strategy to measure the carbonyl stress derived solely from lipid peroxidation and particularly in diabetic nephropathy patients. In addition, we are in a position to propose an alternative explanation of why alkalinization of urine attenuates rhabdomyolysis-induced renal dysfunction.</p

Evaluation of the cell viability of human Wharton's jelly stem cells for use in cell therapy

Human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly stem cells (HWJSCs) are gaining attention as a possible clinical source of mesenchymal stem cells for cell therapy and tissue engineering due to their high accessibility, expansion potential, and plasticity. We employed a combination of highly sensitive techniques to determine the average cell viability levels and proliferation capabilities of 10 consecutive cell passages of cultured HWJSCs and then used RNA microarrays to identify genes associated with changes in cell viability levels. We found an initial decrease in cell viability from the first to the third cell passage followed by an increase until the sixth passage and a final decrease from the sixth to tenth cell passages. The highest cell viability levels corresponded to the fifth and sixth passages. The intracellular ionic contents of potassium, sodium, and chlorine suggest that the lower cell viability levels at passages 2, 3, and 8-10 may be associated with apoptotic cell death. In fact, gene expression analysis revealed that the average cell viability was significantly associated with genes with a function in apoptotic cell death, especially pro-apoptotic FASTKD2, BNIP3L genes and anti-apoptotic TNFAIP8 and BCL2L2 genes. This correlation with both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes suggests that there may be a complex live-death equilibrium in cultured HWJSCs kept in culture for multiple cell passages. In this study, the highest cell viability levels corresponded to the fifth and sixth HWJSC passages, suggesting that these passages should be preferentially employed in cell therapy or tissue engineering protocols using this cell type

Residual ridge resorption on mandibular bone. Pathology and quality of life

La colocación de implantes dentales y de dentaduras artificiales en pacientes parcial o totalmente desdentados, ha mejorado la calidad y la esperanza de vida de millones de estos pacientes en el mundo. Sin embargo, de existir atrofia mandibular a causa de la reabsorción ósea de los bordes residuales mandibulares, las posibilidades de tratamiento por estos medios protésicos y de cirugía maxilofacial disminuyen en forma considerable. En este trabajo de revisión se ha definido el concepto de atrofia mandibular, su etiología y patología. Así mismo se han revisado los tratamientos buco-dentales y los pronósticos más frecuentes relacionados con la atrofia mandibular, que pueden incrementar las expectativas de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.Abstract. The employment of titanium dental implants and total dentures in edentulous patients has increased the quality and life expectancy of millions of these patients around the world. Nevertheless, if mandibular atrophy exists because of bone resorption of mandibular residual ridges, related prosthetic and maxillofacial treatment possibilities fall considerably. In this review it has been defined the concept of mandibular resorption, its etiology and pathology. Also buco-dental treatments and the most frequent prognoses related to the mandibular atrophy have been reviewed, which can increase the expectations of the quality of life of these patients

Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19.

Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6+/-9.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; pPeer reviewe

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Ingeniería de tejidos oro-faciales elaborados por transdiferenciación de células troncales mesenquimales humanas

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Histología. Leída el 24 de marzo de 201

Efectos negativos de la radiación ionizante empleada en diagnóstico odontológico

The lability of the human cellular component, under the effect of ionizing radiation (IR), involves altered cellular and sub-cellular changes in the organism, especially in cells in continuous reproduction, and lower degree of differentiation. The carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic potential of IR is explained in this review. The effects of exposure to IR are clarified, when inadequate doses are exposed in dentistry at the molecular, cellular and organic levels. Also explains the mechanisms which trigger possible damage, alternatives for the control of absorption, and the validation for its use as a means of dental diagnosis at pediatric and adult stages, and finally, it exposes radiation emitting technologies in dentistry. The harmful but necessary nature of the radiation at the dental environment, could raise awareness of dental health institutions, their staff and involved patients, to comply with and to enforce control measures during dental clinical procedures which use IR.La labilidad del componente celular humano, bajo efecto de radiación ionizante (RI), involucra cambios alterados celulares y subcelulares en el organismo, sobre todo en células en reproducción continua y menor grado de diferenciación. El potencial carcinogénico, mutagénico y genotóxico de la RI es explicado en esta revisión. Se clarifican los efectos de la exposición a RI a dosis inadecuadas en el área odontológica, y a nivel molecular, celular y orgánico; los mecanismos que accionan el posible daño, las alternativas para el control de absorción, la justificación para su uso como medio de diagnóstico dental a nivel pediátrico y adulto, y las tecnologías emisoras de radiación en odontología. La naturaleza nociva pero necesaria de la radiación en el medio dental podría concientizar a instituciones de salud dental, a su personal y a los pacientes involucrados, a cumplir y hacer cumplir las medidas de control durante procedimientos clínicos dentales que la emplean

Ingeniería de tejidos: Una nueva disciplina regenerativa

Currently scientists around the world are focusing their efforts to find alternatives to replace diseased tissues that do not meet normal organ function satisfactorily. In this context, tissue engineering techniques allow the generation of tissues ex vivo, with the opportunity of being incorporated into the organism and replace damaged or diseased tissue to increase, decrease or change their functions with autologous grafts. These techniques allow replacing human organs currently affected by using engineered grafts generated in the laboratory. This replaces allografts, which in turn can cause rejection, disease transmission and involution of the grafted tissue. Due to the importance of performing the stem cells used for the generation of tissues in the laboratory, this work will address through review of the literature the general aspects of the stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells, biomaterials and growth factors.Actualmente científicos de todo el mundo centran sus esfuerzos en desarrollar alternativas de reemplazo de tejidos enfermos, que no cumplen satisfactoriamente las funciones orgánicas normales. En este contexto, las técnicas de ingeniería tisular permiten la generación de tejidos ex vivo, con la propiedad de ser incorporados al organismo y reemplazar el tejido dañado o enfermo para incrementar, disminuir o modificar sus funciones mediante injertos autólogos. Estas técnicas permiten actualmente sustituir órganos humanos afectados, a partir de tejidos artificiales que la ingeniería tisular admite generar en el laboratorio. Esto sustituye a los aloinjertos, que a su vez pueden ocasionar rechazo, transmisión de enfermedades e involución del material injertado. Debido a la importancia que desempeñan las células troncales utilizadas para la generación de los tejidos en laboratorio, este trabajo abordará mediante revisión de la literatura los aspectos generales de las células troncales, células progenitoras o mesenquimales, biomateriales y factores de crecimiento

Eficacia del flujo de trabajo digital en odontología restauradora: revisión

El propósito de ésta revisión, es el de analizar las instancias, los perfiles y responsabilidades que coexisten dentro de un  protocolo  de flujo de trabajo digital, así como discriminar estas instancias, frente a un protocolo de procesamiento protésico convencional. De igual forma se exponen las  ventajas y restricciones, límites y condicionantes, involucrados en el flujo de trabajo digital, que  comprometen el éxito del tratamiento protésico dental