TABAGISMO: APLICAÇÃO DA TEORIA DA LÓGICA DO RAZOÁVEL NO CONTEXTO JURÍDICO CONTEMPORÂNEO

O presente trabalho dedica-se ao tema “Tabagismo: aplicação da teoria da lógica do razoável no contexto jurídico contemporâneo”, com foco no exame a partir da teoria da lógica do razoável e da visão sistêmica do direito. Com a adoção de uma abordagem dedutiva, no decorrer da exposição, no primeiro momento, será demonstrado a teoria da lógica do razoável ou lógica da equidade enquanto mecanismo, ou não, de segurança jurídica. Posteriormente o artigo cuidará de evidenciar a função social do direito com a intenção de buscar uma resposta, no intuito de demonstrar, objetivamente, para qual o direito se presta. Por fim, a partir dos referenciais teóricos abordados, o intento passará a ser uma abordagem do conteúdo de forma prática, sendo apresentado, para tanto, um caso concreto. Palavras-chave: Teoria da Lógica do Razoável. Função Social do Direito. Hermenêutica Jurídica.

Association between breast arterial calcifications and cardiovascular risk factors in menopausal women

To analyze associations between mammographic arterial mammary calcifications in menopausal women and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This was a cross-sectional retrospective study, in which we analyzed the mammograms and medical records of 197 patients treated between 2004 and 2005. Study variables were: breast arterial calcifications, stroke, acute coronary syndrome, age, obesity, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and hypertension. For statistical analysis, we used the Mann-Whitney, χ2 and Cochran-Armitage tests, and also evaluated the prevalence ratios between these variables and mammary artery calcifications. Data were analyzed with the SAS version 9.1 software. In the group of 197 women, there was a prevalence of 36.6% of arterial calcifications on mammograms. Among the risk factors analyzed, the most frequent were hypertension (56.4%), obesity (31.9%), smoking (15.2%), and diabetes (14.7%). Acute coronary syndrome and stroke presented 5.6 and 2.0% of prevalence, respectively. Among the mammograms of women with diabetes, the odds ratio of mammary artery calcifications was 2.1 (95%CI 1.0-4.1), with p-value of 0.02. On the other hand, the mammograms of smokers showed the low occurrence of breast arterial calcification, with an odds ratio of 0.3 (95%CI 0.1-0.8). Hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, stroke and acute coronary syndrome were not significantly associated with breast arterial calcification. The occurrence of breast arterial calcification was associated with diabetes mellitus and was negatively associated with smoking. The presence of calcification was independent of the other risk factors for cardiovascular disease analyzed.Avaliar a presença de calcificações arteriais em mamografias de mulheres menopausadas e a sua associação com fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal e retrospectivo, em que foram analisados as mamografias367315319sem informaçãosem informaçãoTo analyze associations between mammographic arterial mammary calcifications in menopausal women and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This was a cross-sectional retrospective study, in which we analyzed the mammograms and medical records of 197 p

Terapia tópica de irrigação nasal de alto volume com solução de budesonida em rinossinusite crônica de difícil tratamento

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is termed difficult-to-treat when patients do not reach acceptable level of control despite adequate surgery, intranasal corticosteroid treatment and up to 2 short courses of systemic antibiotics or corticosteroids in the preceding year. Recently, high-volume corticosteroid nasal irrigations have been recommended for CRS treatment. Objective: To assess high-volume budesonide nasal irrigations for difficult-to-treat CRS. Methods: Prospective uncontrolled intervention trial. Participants were assessed before- and 3 months after nasal irrigation with 1 mg of budesonide in 500 mL of saline solution daily for 2 days. Subjective (satisfactory clinical improvement) and objective (SNOT-22 questionnaire and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores) assessments were performed. Results: Sixteen patients were included, and 13 (81.3%) described satisfactory clinical improvement. SNOT-22 mean scores (50.2-29.6; p = 0.006) and Lund-Kennedy mean scores (8.8-5.1; p=0.01) improved significantly. Individually, 75% of patients improved SNOT-22 scores, and 75% improved Lund-Kennedy scores after high volume budesonide nasal irrigations. Conclusion: High-volume corticosteroid nasal irrigations are a good option in difficult-to-treat CRS control of disease, reaching 81.3% success control and significant improvement of SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy scores. (C) 2015 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.Introdução: A rinossinusite crônica (RSC) de difícil tratamento é aquela inadequadamente controlada com cirurgia, corticosteroides tópicos em spray e até dois ciclos de medicação sistêmica em um ano. Atualmente, tem sido preconizado o uso de irrigações nasais de corticosteroides em alto volume para seu tratamento. Objetivo: Avaliar o uso da terapia tópica de irrigações nasais com budesonida em alto volume nos pacientes com RSC de difícil tratamento. Método: Estudo prospectivo de intervenção não controlado em RSC de difícil tratamento com 3 meses de terapia tópica de irrigação (1 mg de budesonida diluído em 500 mL de soro fisiológico para ser utilizado em dois dias). Realizada avaliação subjetiva (melhora clínica satisfatória) e objetiva (questionário SNOT-22 e classificação endoscópica de Lund-Kennedy). Resultados: Foram incluídos 16 pacientes, sendo que 13 (81,3%) consideraram sua melhora clínica satisfatória. Houve melhora significante das médias de SNOT-22 (50,2 a 29,6; p = 0,006) e de Lund-Kennedy (8,8 a 5,1; p = 0,01). Individualmente, 75% dos pacientes apresentaram melhora do SNOT-22 e 75%, do Lund-Kennedy. Conclusão: A terapia tópica de irrigação de alto volume de corticosteroide é uma boa opção no controle clínico dos pacientes com rinossinusite crônica de difícil tratamento, com controle adequado de 81,3% destes pacientes e melhora significante do SNOT-22 e do Lund-Kennedy. © 2015 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY- license (https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/).Univ Fed Sao Paulo EPM UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Otorhinolaryngol & Head & Neck Surg, Sect Rhinol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo EPM UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Otorhinolaryngol & Head & Neck Surg, Sect Rhinol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Detecting microorganisms producing surface active compounds in mangrove sediments in São Luís, Maranhão

Mangroves are areas of sediment transitions, favoring the cycling of materials associated with high concentration of microorganisms, presenting vulnerability to anthropogenic actions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of microbiota in mangrove sediments of the Anil River, in the city of São Luís, Maranhão. To produce surface active compounds (SACs), samples were collected according to the EMBRAPA methodology by inoculating them in the Bushnell Haas medium, with carbon sources varying at 3% (v/v). From the production obtained, the supernatants of each culture were submitted to E24 analysis, drop spreading, thermal stability/pressure and pH variation. The SAC-producing species were identified using the MALDI-QTOF MS method. The producing species were identified as Serratia marcescens (2), Ochrobactrum spp. (3). E24 values ranged from 33% to 48% yield, with stability increase after autoclaving of 3% to 6% and of 17% for basic pH ranges, demonstrating the feasibility of using regional microorganisms present in mangroves to produce SACs from different carbon sources, as they have good rates of emulsification and stability to the diverse environmental factors

S-PLUS : exploring wide field properties of multiple populations in galactic globular clusters at different metallicities

Multiple stellar populations (MSPs) are a ubiquitous phenomenon in Galactic globular clusters (GCs). By probing different spectral ranges affected by different absorption lines using the multiband photometric survey S-PLUS, we study four GCs – NGC 104, NGC 288, NGC 3201, and NGC 7089 – that span a wide range of metallicities. With the combination of broad and narrow-band photometry in 12 different filters from 3485A (u) to 9114A (z), we identified MSPs along the rectified red-giant branch in colour–magnitude diagrams and separated them using a K-means clustering algorithm. Additionally, we take advantage of the large Field of View of the S-PLUS detector to investigate radial trends in our sample. We report on six colour combinations that can be used to successfully identify two stellar populations in all studied clusters and show that they can be characterized as Na-rich and Na-poor. For both NGC 288 and NGC 7089, their radial profiles show a clear concentration of 2P population. This directly supports the formation theories that propose an enrichment of the intra-cluster medium and subsequent star formation in the more dense central regions. However, in the case of NGC 3201, the trend is reversed. The 1P is more centrally concentrated, in direct contradiction with previous literature studies. NGC 104 shows a well-mixed population. We also constructed radial profiles up to 1 half-light radius of the clusters with HST data to highlight that radial differences are lost in the inner regions of the GCs and that wide-field studies are essential when studying this

Plant Macromolecules as Biomaterials for Wound Healing

Natural biomolecules are increasingly relevant for biomedical applications and tissue engineering for being able to produce an effect on chemical signals, organization of cells, and restitution of extracellular matrix in lesioned tissues. In this chapter, we will address the potential of plant macromolecules, in particular, carbohydrates and proteins such as hemicelluloses and lectins. While lectins are mostly carbohydrate-binding proteins, which can interact with cell surfaces to initiate anti-inflammatory pathways, as well as immunomodulatory functions, hemicelluloses are remarkably known by their ability to form viscous solutions even at low concentrations, which makes them an excellent candidate as vehicle to carry different sorts of biomolecules. Taking into account the complexity of the whole healing process, as an overlapping and coordinated cascade of events, most of the properties presented here by those materials may be of interest to the wound-care market

A Geoética no Currículo e na Formação de Professores

A Geoética é um campo disciplinar recente que surgiu na década de noventa intuito de salientar o papel do século XX, como dos geólogos na construção de uma sociedade mais sustentável...info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Towards an applied metaecology

The complexity of ecological systems is a major challenge for practitioners and decision-makers who work to avoid, mitigate and manage environmental change. Here, we illustrate how metaecology - the study of spatial interdependencies among ecological systems through fluxes of organisms, energy, and matter - can enhance understanding and improve managing environmental change at multiple spatial scales. We present several case studies illustrating how the framework has leveraged decision-making in conservation, restoration and risk management. Nevertheless, an explicit incorporation of metaecology is still uncommon in the applied ecology literature, and in action guidelines addressing environmental change. This is unfortunate because the many facets of environmental change can be framed as modifying spatial context, connectedness and dominant regulating processes - the defining features of metaecological systems. Narrowing the gap between theory and practice will require incorporating system-specific realism in otherwise predominantly conceptual studies, as well as deliberately studying scenarios of environmental change. (C) 2019 Associacao Brasileira de Ciencia Ecologica e Conservacao. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.Peer reviewe

Óleo e azeite de coco babaçu (Orbignya speciosa Mart.) como matériasprimas para produção de biodiesel

The use of renewable energy sources, such as vegetable oils like babassu coconut (Orbignya speciosa Mart.) oil extracted industrially and manually, has economic and environmental advantages. In this scenario, the present work presents the production and characterization biodiesel of babassu coconut oil extracted industrially and manually. Biofuels were obtained by alkaline transesterification, using potassium hydroxide and methanol. The characterization was performed by infrared with Fourier transform (FTIR), kinematic viscosity, density, sulphated ash, acidity index, pour point, flash point and gas chromatography. According to the results, the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR spectra showed characteristic absorption of esters, the C=O bond stretches (1704 cm-1 and 1742 cm-1) and C-O (1112 cm-1 and 1111 cm-1). The results of the kinematic viscosity, density, acidity index, pour point and flash point tests were in compliance with the limits established by the ANP, Resolution no. 45/2014. The gas chromatography showed the predominance of methyl esters derived from lauric (C12:0), miristic (C14:0) and palmitic (C16:0) acids. Thus, babassu coconut oil extracted industrially and manually proved to be viable for the production of biodiesel, presenting itself as a potential raw material for the biofuel sector, given the significant volume of babassu plantations in the state of Maranhão.El uso de fuentes de energía renovable, como los aceites vegetales, aceite de coco babasú (Orbignya speciosa Mart.) extraído industrialmente y manualmente, tiene ventajas económicas y ambientales. En este escenario, el presente trabajo presenta la producción y caracterización del aceite de coco babasú extraído industrialmente y manualmente y el biodiésel. Los biocombustibles se obtuvieron por transesterificación alcalina, utilizando hidróxido de potasio y metanol. La caracterización se realizó mediante infrarrojo con transformada de Fourier (FTIR), viscosidad cinemática, densidad, cenizas sulfatadas, índice de acidez, punto de fluidez, punto de inflamación y cromatografía de gases. Según los resultados, los espectros FTIR mostraron una absorción característica del éster, los estiramientos de enlace C=O (1704 cm-1 y 1742 cm-1) y C-O (1112 cm-1 y 1111 cm-1). Los resultados de las pruebas de viscosidad cinemática, densidad, índice de acidez, punto de fluidez y punto de inflamación se ajustaron a los límites establecidos por la ANP, Resolución nº 45/2014. La cromatografía de gases mostró el predominio de ésteres metílicos derivados de los ácidos láurico (C12:0), mirístico (C14:0) y palmítico (C16:0). Así, el aceite de coco y el aceite de coco babasú extraído industrialmente y manualmente resultaron viables para la producción de biodiésel, presentándose como una potencial materia prima para el sector de biocombustibles, dado el volumen expresivo de las plantaciones de babasú en el estado de Maranhão.A utilização de fontes renováveis de energia, como os óleos vegetais, a exemplo o óleo e azeite de coco babaçu (Orbignya speciosa Mart.), apresentam vantagens econômicas e ambientais. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho apresenta a produção e caracterização do biodiesel de óleo e azeite de coco babaçu. Os biocombustíveis foram obtidos por transesterificação alcalina, utilizando-se hidróxido de potássio e metanol. A caracterização foi realizada por infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), viscosidade cinemática, densidade, cinzas sulfatadas, índice de acidez, ponto de fluidez e ponto de fulgor e cromatografia gasosa. De acordo com os resultados, os espectros de FTIR apresentaram absorções características de ésteres, os estiramentos da ligação C=O (1704 cm-1 e 1742 cm-1) e C-O (1112 cm-1 e 1111 cm-1). Os resultados dos ensaios de viscosidade cinemática, densidade, índice de acidez, ponto de fluidez e ponto de fulgor apresentaram conformidade com os limites estabelecidos pela ANP, Resolução nº 45/2014. A cromatografia gasosa apontou a predominância de ésteres metílicos derivados dos ácidos láurico (C12:0), mirístico (C14:0) e palmítico (C16:0). Desta forma, o óleo e o azeite de coco babaçu se mostraram viáveis para a produção de biodiesel, apresentando-se como potencial matéria-prima para o setor de biocombustíveis, dado o volume expressivo das plantações de babaçuais do estado do Maranhão

Nasal polyposis : more than a chronic inflammatory disorder : a disease of mechanical dysfunction : the São Paulo position

Introduction The importance of our study lies in the fact that we have demonstrated the occurrence of mechanical dysfunction within polypoid tissues, which promotes the development of polyps in the nasal cavity. Objective To change the paradigm of nasal polyposis (NP). In this new conception, the chronic nasal inflammatory process that occurs in response to allergies, to pollution, to changes in the epithelial barrier, or to other factors is merely the trigger of the development of the disease in individuals with a genetic predisposition to an abnormal tissue remodeling process, which leads to a derangement of the mechanical properties of the nasal mucosa and, consequently, allows it to grow unchecked. Data Synthesis We propose a fundamentally new approach to intervening in the pathological process of NP, addressing biomechanical properties, fluid dynamics, and the concept of surface tension. Conclusion The incorporation of biomechanical knowledge into our understanding of NP provides a new perspective to help elucidate the physiology and the pathology of nasal polyps, and new avenues for the treatment and cure of NP