Estado del arte de psicología comunitaria en la Universidad Católica de Colombia. 2011-2013

Psicología Comunitaria-Servicio SocialEl interés del presente trabajo es hacer una revisión de las tesis elaboradas por los estudiantes de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad Católica de Colombia, entre 2011 – 2013, marcan gran presencia de elementos teóricos, en contraste con la tenue conceptualización de la comunidad y la poca presencia de las vivencias diarias de los practicantes de psicología.PregradoPsicólog

Cross-validation in PCA models with the element-wise k-fold (ekf) algorithm: Practical Aspects

This is the second paper of a series devoted to provide theoretical and practical results and new algorithms for the selection of the number of Principal Components (PCs) in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using crossvalidation. The study is especially focused on the element-wise k-fold (ekf), which is among the most used algorithms for that purpose. In this paper, a taxonomy of PCA applications is proposed and it is argued that cross-validatory algorithms computing the prediction error in observable variables, like ekf, are only suited for a class of applications. A number of cross-validation methods, several of which are original, are compared in two applications of this class: missing data imputation and compression. The results showthat the ekf is especially suited for missing data applications while other traditional cross-validation methods, those by Wold and Eastment and Krzanowski, are not found to provide useful outcomes in any of the two applications. These results are of special value considering that the methods investigated are computed in the main commercial software packets for chemometrics. Finally, the choice of the missing data algorithm within ekf is also investigated.Research in this area was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER funds from the European Union through grants DPI2008-06880-C03-01, DPI2008-06880-C03-03 and TEC2011-22579 and the Juan de la Cierva program. The reviewers are gratefully acknowledged for their useful comments in both papers of the series.Camacho Páez, J.; Ferrer Riquelme, AJ. (2014). Cross-validation in PCA models with the element-wise k-fold (ekf) algorithm: Practical Aspects. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems. 131:37-50. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2013.12.003S375013

Cualificación de las Competencias Argumentativas de los Estudiantes de Educación Media del Colegio José María Córdoba

El presente informe da cuenta de los procesos de diseño, implementación y evaluación de una propuesta de intervención disciplinar tendiente a cualificar en sus competencias argumentativas, a un grupo de estudiantes de educación media, del Colegio Centro Integral José María Córdoba, de la ciudad de Bogotá. En su dimensión investigativa se recurre a la metodología de la Investigación Acción, haciendo énfasis en el enfoque técnico-científico de Kurt Lewin (1946), atendiendo a su diseño abierto en espiral. Se recurre para la recolección de datos a distintas estrategias, entre ellas Foros, Wikis, Mapas Conceptuales, etc., que fueron diseñados al interior de un AVA (Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizaje) en la plataforma Moodle. En su dimensión pedagógica se sigue el enfoque constructivista de Ausubel, y respecto al contenido disciplinar propiamente dicho, la Teoría de la Argumentación, se sigue a Weston (2000) y al grupo “Dialéctica y mos geometricus”, de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, compuesto por Sánchez, Serrano y Peña (2009). Se recogerán los aportes de los estudiantes en tres momentos: El primero, de diagnóstico, con un escrito espontaneo. El segundo, de carácter formativo, apoyado en recursos teóricos de fundamentación y con retroalimentación permanente (Debate presencial y Foro virtual). Y el tercero, indicador de la incidencia del proceso en el desempeño de los estudiantes (Ensayo y Mapa conceptual) El instrumento evaluativo será una rúbrica diseñada para tal efecto, la cual contempla los siguientes aspectos: uso apropiado del lenguaje, estructura del argumento, criterios de validez lógica, honestidad intelectual y requisitos del argumento según su clase.The current report gives an account of the design, implementation and evaluation processes of a disciplinary intervention proposal that intents to qualify, in its argumentative competences, at a group of high school students of Centro Integral Jose Maria Cordoba public school in Bogota. In its investigative dimension, it resorts to the methodology of Action Research, making emphasis on the technical-scientific approach of Kurt Lewin (1946), focusing on its open spiral design. It is necessary to resort to several strategies in order to collect the desired data, among them there are, forums, wikis, conceptual maps, etc., that were designed inside a VLE (Virtual Learning Environment) on the Moodle platform. In its pedagogical dimension it is followed the constructivist approach of Ausubel, and in regard to the actual disciplinary content, the Theory of Argumentation, it follows at Weston (2000) and the “Dialectica y Mos geometricus” group of the National University of Colombia, composed by Sanchez, Serrano and Peña (2009). The contributions made by the students will be gathered in three moments: A first one, of diagnosis, with a spontaneous writing. A second one, of formative character, supported with theoretical resources of fundament and permanent feedback (Face to face debate and Virtual forum). And a third and final one, an indicator of the incidence of the process on the students’ performance (Assay and Conceptual Map). The evaluative instrument will be a rubric designed for such purpose, which will contemplate the following aspects: Appropriate use of language, argument structure, logic validity criteria, intellectual honesty and argument requirements according to its class

First Report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Causing Anthracnose of Tejocote (Crataegus gracilior) Fruits in Mexico

Crataegus, is a genus classified in family Rosaceae and includes several tree species commonly called Tejocote that are widely cultivated for their pome fruits in Mexico. During fall of 2014, 2015, and 2016, severe symptoms of anthracnose were observed on approx. 60% of tejocote (Crataegus gracilior) fruits in an orchard located in Tulancingo, Oaxaca, Mexico. Affected fruits showed sunken, prominent, dark brown to black necrotic lesions, and were exuding salmon spore masses. To isolate the fungus, small pieces from tissue adjacent to the lesions of 10 symptomatic fruits were excised and surface disinfested by immersion in a 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 2 min, rinsed three times in sterile distilled water, placed in Petri plates containing potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25ºC for 5 to 7 days in darkness. Mycelial plugs were excised from the edge of the actively growing fungal colony and aseptically transferred to fresh PDA medium and incubated at 25°C for 6 days. Five monoconidial cultures were obtained by transferring germinated spores to Petri plates with fresh PDA. One isolate was selected as representative for morphological and molecular identification. Colonies of pure cultures exhibited greyish-white aerial mycelium and abundant salmon-pink conidial masses. Conidia (n= 100) were subcylindrical, hyaline, straight, one-celled, with rounded ends, measuring 13.6 to 17.7 × 4.4 to 5.9 μm. Conidial appressoria were ovoid and brown to dark brown. Based on morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified within the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (Weir et al. 2012). The isolate was designated UACH-177 and deposited in the Culture Collection of Phytopathogenic Fungi at the Chapingo Autonomous University. For molecular identification, the ITS region (White et al. 1990), and fragments of (Apn2) (Rojas et al. 2010), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and β-tubulin 2 (TUB2) genes (Weir et al. 2012) were amplified by PCR, and sequenced. The sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accessions numbers ITS:MG821312; Apn2:MG821310; GAPDH:MG821311; and TUB2:MG821313). A phylogenetic analysis using Bayesian inference and including published ITS, Apn2, GAPDH, and TUB2 data for C. gloeosporioides and other Colletotrichum species was performed. The phylogenetic analysis showed the sequences were grouped into the clade of C. gloeosporioides. To confirm the pathogenicity of the fungus, 20 tejocote fruits were surface disinfested by immersion in a 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 1 min, washed three times with sterile distilled water and dried on sterilized filter paper. Inoculations were performed by deposition of 10 μl of a conidial suspension (106 spores ml-1) on the fruit surface. Ten fruit were mock inoculated with distilled water as a control. All fruits were kept in a moist chamber at 25°C for 10 days. Pathogenicity test was repeated twice. Disease symptoms were observed on all inoculated fruit after 7 days, whereas control fruit did not develop symptoms. Fungal colonies were re-isolated from all symptomatic fruits and were found to be morphologically identical to the original isolate inoculated on tejocote fruits, thus fulfilling Koch´s postulates. In Mexico, García-Alvarez (1976) reported Colletotrichum sp. on fruits of Crataegus mexicana, however, that report was not supported by morphological characterization nor pathogenicity tests. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose of Crataegus gracilior in Mexico and worldwide.Fil: Nieto López, Edgar Humberto. University of Nebraska; Estados UnidosFil: Everhart, Sydney. University of Nebraska; Estados UnidosFil: Ayala Escobar, Victoria. Colegio de Postgraduados; MéxicoFil: Camacho Tapia, Moises. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo; MéxicoFil: Bernardi Lima, Nelson. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Nieto Angel, Raúl. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo; MéxicoFil: Tovar Pedraza, Juan Manuel. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo; Méxic

INFLAMMATORY PROFILE IN DOGS WITH MYXOMATOUS MITRAL VALVE DISEASE

Inflammatory substances such as interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been demonstrated to play a role in heart failure progression. The aims of this study were two-fold: to investigate the concentration of circulating cytokines in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in different stages, and to assess the relationship between these substances and cardiac morphology and function. For this purpose, twelve dogs with MMVD (7 stage-B2; 5 stage-C) and nine healthy controls underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram and had their serum concentrations of IL-1β, 4, 6, 10, TNF-α and CRP assessed. Data was submitted to Shapiro-Wilk normality test, groups were compared with ANOVA or Krukal-Wallis test according to distribution, and correlation coefficients were obtained with Spearman test. The IL-1β levels were different (P: 0.0056) between groups. Also, a positive correlation existed between IL-1β and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (R: 0.56), left atrium-to-aorta ratio (R: 0.63) and echocardiography congestion surrogates. Similarly, IL-4 exhibited moderate-to-strong positive correlation with parameters of cardiac remodeling and congestion, while IL-6 was negatively correlated with the shortening fraction (R: -0.49). As the main conclusion, IL-1β levels increases in dogs with MMVD, and even higher levels are observed in overtly symptomatic animals

Adventures in Supersingularland

In this paper, we study isogeny graphs of supersingular elliptic curves. Supersingular isogeny graphs were introduced as a hard problem into cryptography by Charles, Goren, and Lauter for the construction of cryptographic hash functions [CGL06]. These are large expander graphs, and the hard problem is to find an efficient algorithm for routing, or path-finding, between two vertices of the graph. We consider four aspects of supersingular isogeny graphs, study each thoroughly and, where appropriate, discuss how they relate to one another. First, we consider two related graphs that help us understand the structure: the `spine' $\mathcal{S}$, which is the subgraph of $\mathcal{G}_\ell(\overline{\mathbb{F}_p})$ given by the $j$-invariants in $\mathbb{F}_p$, and the graph $\mathcal{G}_\ell(\mathbb{F}_p)$, in which both curves and isogenies must be defined over $\mathbb{F}_p$. We show how to pass from the latter to the former. The graph $\mathcal{S}$ is relevant for cryptanalysis because routing between vertices in $\mathbb{F}_p$ is easier than in the full isogeny graph. The $\mathbb{F}_p$-vertices are typically assumed to be randomly distributed in the graph, which is far from true. We provide an analysis of the distances of connected components of $\mathcal{S}$. Next, we study the involution on $\mathcal{G}_\ell(\overline{\mathbb{F}_p})$ that is given by the Frobenius of $\mathbb{F}_p$ and give heuristics on how often shortest paths between two conjugate $j$-invariants are preserved by this involution (mirror paths). We also study the related question of what proportion of conjugate $j$-invariants are $\ell$-isogenous for $\ell = 2,3$. We conclude with experimental data on the diameters of supersingular isogeny graphs when $\ell = 2$ and compare this with previous results on diameters of LPS graphs and random Ramanujan graphs.Comment: 46 pages. Comments welcom

La gestión educativa en la IED Ciudad Bolivar Argentina en el marco del posconflicto

La presente investigación fue desarrollada en la IED Ciudad Bolívar Argentina en el marco del posconflicto teniendo como objetivo caracterizar los procesos de gestión educativa que se adelantan al interior de la institución, en la construcción de una cultura de paz. El proyecto de grado corresponde a una investigación de carácter cualitativo, específicamente a un estudio de caso en la IED Ciudad Bolívar Argentina. Para la recolección de información, se diseñaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a directivos, docentes y padres de familia y la aplicación de un cuestionario a estudiantes. A partir de esta investigación se identificaron diferentes procesos que se desarrollan en la Institución para la formación de los estudiantes y la posible construcción de una cultura de paz, aspectos que fortalecen y benefician los procesos de gestión directiva, pedagógica y de la comunidad y convivencia, de igual forma debilidades al interior de los mismos, los cuales se evidenciaron desde las percepciones y prácticas que se llevan a cabo en la institución. La gestión directiva ejecutada por el Colegio generó la consolidación de la Cátedra de la Paz en la creación de una asignatura, con la participación de los docentes. Sin embargo, se encontró que falta gestión para el seguimiento en la implementación de la misma y una reflexión que determine si con solo la asignatura se está generando la cultura de paz en el IED Ciudad Bolívar Argentina, la que debe asumirse como un proceso transversal que articule, de manera responsable y compartida, a todas las áreas de la institución educativa en la gestión de un currículo integral, la preparación de docentes, lo mismo que un trabajo con padres de familia e integración de aspectos convivenciales, como el proyecto de convivencia Hermes.This research was developed in the IED City Bolívar Argentina within the framework of postconflict aiming to characterize the processes of education management being carried out inside the institution, in the construction of a culture of peace. The degree project corresponds to a research of qualitative nature, specifically to a case study in the IED City Bolívar Argentina. Semi-structured interviews to managers, teachers and parents were designed for the collection of information, and the application of a questionnaire to students. From this research we different processes that were developed in the institution for the training of students and the possible construction of a culture of peace, aspects that strengthen and benefit management directive, educational processes and the community and coexistence, in the same form inside the same weaknesses, which were evident from the perceptions and the practices that are carried in the institution. The management performed by the school generated the Chair of peace consolidation in the creation of a subject, with the participation of teachers. However, it was found missing management for follow-up on the implementation of the same and a reflection that determines if only the subject is generating a culture of peace in the IED City Bolívar Argentina, which must be assumed as a cross-cutting process that articulates, responsibly and shared, to all areas of the educational institution in the management of a comprehensive curriculum, the preparation of teachers, same as a job with parents and integration of aspects coexistence, such as the project of coexistence Hermes.Magíster en EducaciónMaestrí

A SOURCE WAKE MODEL FOR CASCADES OF AXIAL FLOW TURBOMACHINES

Abstract This work presents a computational model for the viscous flow through rectilinear cascades of axial turbomachinery. The model is based on modifications of the classical Hess & Smith panel method. The viscous effect of the attached flow portion is introduced by means of normal transpiration velocities obtained from the boundary layer calculations on the airfoil contour. At the separated flow portion, fictitious velocities semi-empirical normal velocities are introduced assuming a constant pressure in the wake. When the separation is not detected, it is possible to simulate the effect of the small wake near the trailing edge by using an injected flow on a distance based on the Gostelow (1975) fairing-in procedure. The numerical model presents two iteration cycles: the first one to find the separation point, and the second one to accomplish the viscous-inviscid interaction, in which th

La intervención social como objeto de estudio : discursos, prácticas, problematizaciones y propuestas

La investigación de la intervención es un campo transdisciplinar en el que participan ciencias sociales, humanas y de la salud. Estos estudios construyen evidencia acerca de las prácticas de intervención para tomar decisiones sobre su implementación. Los enfoques y métodos utilizados varían de acuerdo con el paradigma científico en el que se inscriben los investigadores. Por ello, en este artículo presentamos una revisión crítica de publicaciones científicas que asumen la intervención social como objeto de reflexión. Analizamos 70 documentos publicados en revistas científicas entre 2007 y 2016, rastreando temas emergentes, identificando regularidades, rupturas, conclusiones y asuntos por discutir. Entre los resultados se destaca que la intervención social ha sido una estrategia para abordar los problemas sociales desde finales del siglo XIX hasta hoy, en su desarrollo, las prácticas de intervención social configuran escenarios de relación en los que confluyen diferentes discursos, que inciden en formas de gubernamentalidad y subjetivación.Intervention research is a transdisciplinary field in which have participated social sciences, human sciences and health sciences. These studies are concerned to construct evidence about intervention practices. The approach and methods are variables, depending of scientific paradigm. Therefore, here we presented a critical analysis of papers about social intervention. The review was done with 70 papers of scientific journals published since 2007 until 2016. In it we track emerging topics, identifying regularities, ruptures, conclusions and issues to discuss. Results shows that social intervention has been a social problems solution strategy since XIX until today. But in its history, social intervention practices have promoted relations and discourses which produce kinds of governmentality and subjectivation