The radial variation of the solar wind turbulence spectra near the kinetic break scale from Parker Solar Probe measurements

In this study we examine the radial dependence of the inertial and dissipation range indices, as well as the spectral break separating the inertial and dissipation range in power density spectra of interplanetary magnetic field fluctuations using Parker Solar Probe data from the fifth solar encounter between ∼0.1 and ∼0.7 au. The derived break wavenumber compares reasonably well with previous estimates at larger radial distances and is consistent with gyro-resonant damping of Alfvénic fluctuations by thermal protons. We find that the inertial scale power-law index varies between approximately −1.65 and −1.45. This is consistent with either the Kolmogorov (−5/3) or Iroshnikov–Kraichnan (−3/2) values, and has a very weak radial dependence with a possible hint that the spectrum becomes steeper closer to the Sun. The dissipation range power-law index, however, has a clear dependence on radial distance (and turbulence age), decreasing from −3 near 0.7 au (4 days) to −4 [±0.3] at 0.1 au (0.75 days) closer to the Sun

A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum

A robust understanding of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglacial history since the Last Glacial Maximum is important in order to constrain ice sheet and glacial-isostatic adjustment models, and to explore the forcing mechanisms responsible for ice sheet retreat. Such understanding can be derived from a broad range of geological and glaciological datasets and recent decades have seen an upsurge in such data gathering around the continent and Sub-Antarctic islands. Here, we report a new synthesis of those datasets, based on an accompanying series of reviews of the geological data, organised by sector. We present a series of timeslice maps for 20 ka, 15 ka, 10 ka and 5 ka, including grounding line position and ice sheet thickness changes, along with a clear assessment of levels of confidence. The reconstruction shows that the Antarctic Ice sheet did not everywhere reach the continental shelf edge at its maximum, that initial retreat was asynchronous, and that the spatial pattern of deglaciation was highly variable, particularly on the inner shelf. The deglacial reconstruction is consistent with a moderate overall excess ice volume and with a relatively small Antarctic contribution to meltwater pulse 1a. We discuss key areas of uncertainty both around the continent and by time interval, and we highlight potential priorities for future work. The synthesis is intended to be a resource for the modelling and glacial geological community

Transverse position of a fetus caused by a giant leiomyoma in the lower segment of the uterus: A case report

The original publication is available at http://www.samj.org.zaA 20-year-old primigravida presented at 39 weeks' gestation with the fetus lying in the transverse position. Ultrasound examination indicated an anterior placenta praevia grade II-III. During a vertical lower uterine segment caesarean section, a giant intramural leiomyoma of approximately 25 x 25 cm was found. The uterine incision was extended into the upper segment and a healthy male fetus of 2,568 g delivered. The placenta was situated anteriorly but did not extend into the lower uterine segment. A myomectomy had to be performed to enable closure of the uterine incision. The association of a transverse lie with anterior implantation of the placenta may result in a false ultrasound diagnosis because the lower anterior portion of the uterine wall and the attached portion of the placenta simulate a placenta praevia. In our case, an unsuspected leiomyoma in the lower segment contributed to this. Furthermore, this case illustrates the advantage of using a lower uterine segment vertical incision when performing a caesarean section for transverse lie. The incision can then readily be extended into the upper uterine segment when necessary.Publisher’s versio

Immune deficiency and invasive carcinoma of the vulva in a young woman: A case report

A case report on a 26-year-old virgo intacta with a long standing history of pruritis vulvi, obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic diarrhea presenting with an invasive squamous carcinoma of the vulva in association with chronic malabsorption and T-lymphocyte deficiency.Articl

Immune deficiency and invasive carcinoma of the vulva in a young woman: A case report

A case report on a 26-year-old virgo intacta with a long standing history of pruritis vulvi, obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic diarrhea presenting with an invasive squamous carcinoma of the vulva in association with chronic malabsorption and T-lymphocyte deficiency.Articl

Acute phase response in bronchiectasis and bronchus carcinoma

Measurement of the acute phase response in patients suffering from bronchiectasis, emphysema, bronchus carcinoma and various benign space occupying lesions was undertaken, using sensitive immunoradiometric assays for C-reactive protein and serum amyloid-A protein. In some patients with bronchiectasis, clinically judged to be in remission, the results show a major ongoing acute phase response. Such a response could predispose these patients to the development of reactive secondary amyloidosis. In bronchus carcinoma, the application of these measurements to judge the extent of tumour growth is limited as infection complicating obstruction is a more potent initiator of the acute phase response than the neoplastic pocess per se.Articl

Cholera toxin partially inhibits the T-cell response to phytohaemagglutinin through the ADP-ribosylation of a 45 kDa membrane protein

This study examines the influence of cholera toxin (CT) on T lymphocyte activation by the mitogenic lectin phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). CT suppressed lectin-induced [3H]thymidine uptake in a dose-dependent fashion and acted synergistically with PHA in the generation of intracellular cyclic AMP. The toxin was assumed to act on G(s), because it also stimulated ADP-ribosylation of a 45 kDa membrane protein in vitro; no additional substrates were seen. The inhibitory effect of the adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP pathway was shown to be directed at a concomitant stimulatory pathway, namely inositol phospholipid turnover. Lectin-stimulated 32P incorporation into both phosphatidylinositol as well as its 4,5-biphospahte derivative was depressed in the presence of CT or exogenous dibutyryl cyclic AMP. This, in turn, was associated with reduced activation of C-kinase as determined by decreased lectin-induced translocation from the cytosol to the surface membrane. These results indicate that G(s) probably acts as a transducer between the PHA receptor and adenylate cyclase and may give rise to an exaggerated adenylate cyclase response in the presence of CT. It would seem as if reduction in inositol phospholipid turnover is related to the elevation of cyclic AMP rather than a CT effect on a putative transducer which acts directly on phospholipase C. Our study does not exclude the existence of non-CT-sensitive transducers in this capacity.Articl

Phosphorylation of human serum amyloid A protein by protein kinase C

Monokine-induced hepatic secretion of serum amyloid A protein (apo-SAA), an acute-phase reactant, is followed by rapid association with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. Plasma clearance of apo-SAA is more rapid than any of the other HDL apolipoproteins. It has been shown that, of the acute-phase HDL3 apolipoproteins, apo-SAA preferentially associated with neutrophil membranes. HDL apolipoproteins have been shown to activate protein kinase C in endothelial cells. We therefore investigated potential phosphorylation of HDL3 apolipoproteins by protein kinase C. Apo-SAA was the only apolipoprotein phosphorylated (K(m) = 12 mM). Phosphorylation of the apo-SAA-containing HDL3 particle was selective for the more basic isoforms of apo-SAA (pI 7.0, 7.4, 7.5 and 8.0), with more acidic isoforms being phosphorylated when delipidated acute-phase apolipoproteins were used as substrate. However, phosphorylation was not in itself responsible for the establishment of the apo-SAA isoforms.Articl

Association rule mining of cellular responses induced by metal and metal oxide nanoparticles

10.1039/c3an01409fRelationships among fourteen different biological responses (including ten signaling pathway activities and four cytotoxicity effects) of murine macrophage (RAW264.7) and bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells exposed to six metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were analyzed using both statistical and data mining approaches. Both the pathway activities and cytotoxicity effects were assessed using high-throughput screening (HTS) over an exposure period of up to 24 h and concentration range of 0.39-200 mg L-1. HTS data were processed by outlier removal, normalization, and hit-identification (for significantly regulated cellular responses) to arrive at reliable multiparametric bioactivity profiles for the NPs. Association rule mining was then applied to the bioactivity profiles followed by a pruning process to remove redundant rules. The non-redundant association rules indicated that 'significant regulation' of one or more cellular responses implies regulation of other (associated) cellular response types. Pairwise correlation analysis (via Pearson's ?2 test) and self-organizing map clustering of the different cellular response types indicated consistency with the identified non-redundant association rules. Furthermore, in order to explore the potential use of association rules as a tool for data-driven hypothesis generation, specific pathway activity experiments were carried out for ZnO NPs. The experimental results confirmed the association rule identified for the p53 pathway and mitochondrial superoxide levels (via MitoSox reagent) and further revealed that blocking of the transcriptional activity of p53 lowered the MitoSox signal. The present approach of using association rule mining for data-driven hypothesis generation has important implications for streamlining