Alcaloides de las hojas de Sophora macrocarpa

El alcaloide principal de las hojas de Sophora macrocarpa Sm. es la matrina. También fueron aisladas e identificadas N-metilcitisina y citisina, asi como el N-óxido de matrina y el soforanol ( 5a-hidroximatrina). Los espectros de rmnde 1H a 200M Hz permitieron extender la lista de asignaciones publicadas para estos compuestos

Geminivirus Rep Protein Interferes with the Plant DNA Methylation Machinery and Suppresses Transcriptional Gene Silencing

Viruses are masters at circumventing host defenses and manipulating the cellular environment for their own benefit. The replication of the largest known family of single-stranded DNA viruses, Geminiviridae, is impaired by DNA methylation but the fact that plants might use methylation as a defense against geminiviruses and the impact that viral genome methylation may have during the infection, remain controversial. We have found that geminiviruses reduce the expression of the plant maintenance DNA methyltransferases, MET1 and CMT3, in both, locally and systemically infected tissues. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the virus-mediated repression of these two maintenance DNA methyltransferases is widely spread among different geminivirus species and we have identified Rep as the geminiviral protein responsible for the repression of MET1 and CMT3. The presence of Rep, suppresses transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) of an Arabidopsis transgene and of host loci whose expression is strongly controlled by MET1. Bisulfite sequencing analyses showed that the expression of Rep caused a substantial reduction in the levels of DNA methylation at certain loci at CG sites. The biological relevance of these findings and the role of Rep as a TGS suppressor will be discussed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Plauto: de la escena al aula de Secundaria

El objetivo principal de este trabajo ha sido el elaborar una pequeña antología de textos extraídos del autor arcaico Plauto. Para ello hemos empleado las 21 comedias que se le atribuyen a este comediógrafo siguiendo a Varrón, salvo la obra titulada Vidularia, ya que debido a su estado tan fragmentario se hace imposible una lectura continuada. Plauto fue cultivador de fabula palliata, y se le considera uno de sus mayores representantes. Este género teatral se identifica por tener ambientación y personajes griegos, pero precisamente este autor no solo se limitó a tomar los temas griegos, sino que introdujo muchos elementos de colorido romano que implican una mayor aproximación al público al que se dirige la obra1. Esos rasgos con tinte romano que Plauto incorporó a sus obras son los que intentamos recoger en la antología.Departamento de Filología ClásicaMáster en Profesor de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, Formación Profesional y Enseñanzas de Idioma

Fluctuation-driven directed transport in the presence of Levy flights

Numerical evidence of directed transport driven by symmetric Levy noise in time-independent ratchet potentials in the absence of an external tilting force is presented. The results are based on the numerical solution of the fractional Fokker-Planck equation in a periodic potential and the corresponding Langevin equation with Levy noise. The Levy noise drives the system out of thermodynamic equilibrium and an up-hill net current is generated. For small values of the noise intensity there is an optimal value of the Levy noise index yielding the maximum current. The direction and magnitude of the current can be manipulated by changing the Levy noise asymmetry and the potential asymmetry

Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and norms for rural and urban adolescent males and females in Mexico

Aims: To contribute new evidence to the controversy about the factor structure of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and to provide, for the first time, norms based on a large adolescent Mexican community sample, regarding sex and area of residence (urban/rural) - Methods: A total of 2928 schoolchildren (1544 females and 1384 males) aged 11-18 were assessed with the EDE-Q and other disordered eating questionnaire measures. - Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the attitudinal items of the EDE-Q did not support the four theorized subscales, and a two-factor solution, Restraint and Eating-Shape-Weight concern, showed better fit than the other models examined (RMSEA = .054); measurement invariance for this two-factor model across sex and area of residence was found. Satisfactory internal consistency (ω ≥.80) and two-week test-retest reliability (ICCa ≥.84; κ≥ .56), and evidence for convergent validity with external measures was obtained. The highest attitudinal EDE-Q scores were found for urban females and the lowest scores were found for rural males, whereas the occurrence of key eating disorder behavioural features and compensatory behaviours was similar in both areas of residence. - Conclusions: This study reveals satisfactory psychometric properties and provides population norms of the EDE-Q, which may help clinicians and researchers to interpret the EDE-Q scores of adolescents from urban and rural areas in Mexico

El cuento costumbrista y la producción de textos narrativos. Una secuencia didáctica de enfoque comunicativo para la producción escrita de textos narrativos, tipo cuentos costumbristas, con estudiantes del grado décimo de las i.e. nuestra señora del Carmen de Hatonuevo y rural de Buenavista

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito determinar la incidencia de una secuencia didáctica de enfoque comunicativo, en la producción de textos narrativos escritos, tipo cuentos costumbristas, de los estudiantes del décimo grado de la media académica, de la Institución Educativa Nuestra Señora del Carmen de Hatonuevo y Rural de Buenavista, La Guajira. El estudio tuvo como referentes teóricos centrales a Jolibert (2009) y Camps (1995). Metodológicamente, la investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño cuasi-experimental, Pre-test / Pos-test, intragrupo. La muestra fue conformada por cuarenta (40) estudiantes del décimo grado de la media académica quienes fueron evaluados antes y después de la Secuencia Didáctica, a través de un ejercicio de producción textual acompañado de una rejilla de valoración de las producciones; la secuencia didáctica tuvo un enfoque comunicativo (Hymes, 1996), que pretendió darles mayor participación a los estudiantes en la construcción de sus conocimientos..

Implementación de los PLE, ¿necesidad perentoria en la semipresencialidad, para promover la construcción colectiva del conocimiento?

This article is a theoretical description in the context of the university center of valleys of the University of Guadalajara. In this research are not yet conclusive results are described some of the current problems that the use of the moodle platform were detected in students in a blended mode of CUValles education. It is quite interesting to dive into the world of PLE (personal learning environments), as a way to promote the diversity of tools available on the internet, so that students choose the wide variety of devices, content, storage, interaction modes and collective work, according to their own way of learning. Some of the powers that using the PLE, students can acquire based on the precepts of emerging technologies are described. In a previous diagnostic study, conducted in 2014 by three researchers from the laboratory of educational innovation and quality it found that students do not use many of the tools themselves moodle. It´s used for sending tasks (repository), rather than for activities co-construction of knowledge and exchange of information. It´s not used for on-line and off-line interaction between teachers and students, student-student, etc. it is therefore a way of working much more individualized and little playful way, and almost no possibility of promoting meaningful learning, self-management and projects through collective intelligence. In the university center of valleys moodle institutionalized way it is used, it´s the officially recognized for students and interact teachers and complement the activities carried out in the face to face, and therefore the rest of the day converge in this LMS (learning management system).El presente artículo es una descripción teórica en el contexto del Centro Universitario de los Valles de la Universidad de Guadalajara. En esta investigación que aún no tienen resultados contundentes, se describen algunas de las problemáticas actuales que del uso de la Plataforma Moodle se detectaron en el alumnado en la Modalidad Educativa Semipresencial del CUValles. Se encuentra bastante interesante sumergirse en el mundo de los PLE (Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje), como una manera de promover la heterogeneidad de herramientas disponibles en el Internet, para que el alumno elija entre la gran diversidad de dispositivos, contenidos, almacenajes, modos de interacción y trabajo colectivo, de acuerdo a su manera propia de aprender. Se describen algunas de las competencias que mediante la utilización de los Entornos Personales de Aprendizaje (PLE), pueden adquirir los estudiantes, basados en los preceptos de las Tecnologías Emergentes. En un estudio diagnóstico previo, realizado en 2014 por tres investigadores del Laboratorio de Innovación y Calidad Educativa, se encontró que los alumnos no utilizan muchas de las herramientas propias de la Moodle. Ésta es utilizada para el envío de tareas (repositorio), más que para actividades de co-construcción del conocimiento e intercambio de información. No es utilizada para la interacción on-line y off-line entre profesores y alumnos, alumnos-alumnos, etc. Es pues una forma de trabajar de manera más individualizada y poco lúdica, y con una casi nula posibilidad de promover el aprendizaje significativo, la autogestión y los proyectos por medio de la Inteligencia Colectiva. En el Centro Universitario de los Valles se utiliza la plataforma Moodle de manera institucionalizada, es decir que es la oficialmente reconocida para que alumnos y profesores interaccionen y complementen las actividades que se realizan en el cara a cara, y por tanto el resto de los días convergen en este LMS (Learning Management System).

Study of the PTGS suppressor activity of V2 protein from geminivirus Beet curly top virus

Suppression of gene silencing is a key mechanism for the success of viral infection in plants. DNA viruses from the Geminiviridae family encode several proteins that suppress post- and transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS/TGS). In Begomovirus V2 has been shown to be the strongest PTGS suppressor in transient assays. Beet curly top virus (BCTV), the model species for the Curtovirus genus, is able to infect the widest range of plants among geminiviruses. In this genus, only C2 protein has been described to inhibit PTGS and TGS. Objective: Our main goal is to test the PTGS suppressor activity of BCTV V2 and to study further its gene-silencing suppression mechanism. Material and methods: To determine whether BCTV V2 is also a gene silencing suppressor we carried out transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana wild-type or the 16c GFP-expressing line: plant leaves were agroinfiltrated with binary constructs to express GFP (35S:GFP) and V2. Visual detection of GFP fluorescence was confirmed by western blot. Relative levels of the GFP-specific siRNAs were determined by northern blot. We also expressed the V2 ORF from a Potato virus X-derived vector in N. benthamiana plants. As an approach to identify a genetic target of V2 in the antiviral silencing pathway, we carried out a complementation analysis of BCTV-∆V2 in a series of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in specific components of this pathway involved in DNA virus siRNA production and amplification (DCL2, DCL3, DCL4, RDR6 and RDR2). Arabidopsis plants were infected by agroinoculation and the amount of viral DNA was measured by real-time qPCR. To gain more insight into the gene silencing suppression mechanism of V2, we generated Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the viral protein. Wild-type (Col-0) plants, as well as, plants containing the SUC-SUL hairpin or the AMPLICON (AMP) constructs were transformed with the same V2 expression cassette used for the gene silencing assays. Results: Like its begomoviral counterpart, BCTV V2 is a potent PTGS suppressor and produces an HR-like response in N. benthamiana plants when expressed from PVX. The molecular and genetic analysis of transgenic plants expressing V2 indicates that, as the begomoviral V2, BCTV V2 inhibits the RDR6/SGS3-dependent silencing pathway. Finally, infection assays in Arabidopsis mutants confirm the importance of the RDR6/SGS3 pathway in defence against curtoviruses, and reveal an additional RDR6/SGS3-independent gene-silencing suppression mechanism of V2. Conclusions: BCTV V2, as begomovirus V2 protein, suppresses PTGS by impairing the RDR6/SGS3 pathway. Keywords: Geminivirus, BCTV V2, RNA-silencing suppressor.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Coronin Is a Component of the Endocytic Collar of Hyphae of Neurospora crassa and Is Necessary for Normal Growth and Morphogenesis

Coronin plays a major role in the organization and dynamics of actin in yeast. To investigate the role of coronin in a filamentous fungus (Neurospora crassa), we examined its subcellular localization using fluorescent proteins and the phenotypic consequences of coronin gene (crn-1) deletion in hyphal morphogenesis, Spitzenkörper behavior and endocytosis. Coronin-GFP was localized in patches, forming a subapical collar near the hyphal apex; significantly, it was absent from the apex. The subapical patches of coronin colocalized with fimbrin, Arp2/3 complex, and actin, altogether comprising the endocytic collar. Deletion of crn-1 resulted in reduced hyphal growth rates, distorted hyphal morphology, uneven wall thickness, and delayed establishment of polarity during germination; it also affected growth directionality and increased branching. The Spitzenkörper of Δcrn-1 mutant was unstable; it appeared and disappeared intermittently giving rise to periods of hyphoid-like and isotropic growth respectively. Uptake of FM4-64 in Δcrn-1 mutant indicated a partial disruption in endocytosis. These observations underscore coronin as an important component of F-actin remodeling in N. crassa. Although coronin is not essential in this fungus, its deletion influenced negatively the operation of the actin cytoskeleton involved in the orderly deployment of the apical growth apparatus, thus preventing normal hyphal growth and morphogenesis