168 research outputs found
Current-voltage correlations in interferometers
We investigate correlations of current at contacts and voltage fluctuations
at voltage probes coupled to interferometers. The results are compared with
correlations of current and occupation number fluctuations at dephasing probes.
We use a quantum Langevin approach for the average quantities and their
fluctuations. For higher order correlations we develop a stochastic path
integral approach and find the generating functions of voltage or occupation
number fluctuations. We also derive a generating function for the joint
distribution of voltage or occupation number at the probe and current
fluctuations at a terminal of a conductor. For energy independent scattering we
found earlier that the generating function of current cumulants in
interferometers with a one-channel dephasing or voltage probe are identical.
Nevertheless, the distribution function for voltage and the distribution
function for occupation number fluctuations differ, the latter being broader
than that of former in all examples considered here.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, minor changes, additional appendix, added
reference
Probing the surface states in Bi2Se3 using the Shubnikov-de Haas effect
Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations are observed in Bi2Se3 flakes with high
carrier concentration and low bulk mobility. These oscillations probe the
protected surface states and enable us to extract their carrier concentration,
effective mass and Dingle temperature. The Fermi momentum obtained is in
agreement with angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements
performed on crystals from the same batch. We study the behavior of the Berry
phase as a function of magnetic field. The standard theoretical considerations
fail to explain the observed behavior.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures. Accepted to Physical Review
Assessing quadriceps muscle strength as a tool to determine the approach to and prognosis in COPD patients
Genetic parameters and path analysis of traits of upland cotton for the brazilian Semi-Arid region.
Upland cotton fiber is one of the most used natural fibers in the production of textile materials worldwide. For this reason, the selection of genotypes that meet the industry?s requirements is one of the main goals of cotton breeding programs. This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic and genotypic correlations among fiber traits and identify the direct and indirect effects of these traits on seed cotton yield of upland cotton genotypes in the semi-arid Brazilian Northeast. This study assessed 21 upland cotton genotypes from a complete diallel cross without reciprocals. The design was randomized blocks, with three replications and 21 treatments. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Patos - PB, in 2015. The statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance by the F test, phenotypic and genotypic correlation analysis, and path analysis. The studied materials revealed genetic variability for all traits. Path analysis has shown that the traits fiber elongation, fiber strength, and fiber fineness have a direct positive effect on seed cotton yield.Título em português: Parâmetros genéticos e análise de trilha de caracteres de algodoeiro herbáceo para região do Semi-árido brasileiro
Probing quantum and thermal noise in an interacting many-body system
The probabilistic character of the measurement process is one of the most
puzzling and fascinating aspects of quantum mechanics. In many-body systems
quantum mechanical noise reveals non-local correlations of the underlying
many-body states. Here, we provide a complete experimental analysis of the
shot-to-shot variations of interference fringe contrast for pairs of
independently created one-dimensional Bose condensates. Analyzing different
system sizes we observe the crossover from thermal to quantum noise, reflected
in a characteristic change in the distribution functions from Poissonian to
Gumbel-type, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions based on the
Luttinger liquid formalism. We present the first experimental observation of
quasi long-range order in one-dimensional atomic condensates, which is a
hallmark of quantum fluctuations in one-dimensional systems. Furthermore, our
experiments constitute the first analysis of the full distribution of quantum
noise in an interacting many-body system
The Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
Borexino, a large volume detector for low energy neutrino spectroscopy, is
currently running underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso,
Italy. The main goal of the experiment is the real-time measurement of sub MeV
solar neutrinos, and particularly of the mono energetic (862 keV) Be7 electron
capture neutrinos, via neutrino-electron scattering in an ultra-pure liquid
scintillator. This paper is mostly devoted to the description of the detector
structure, the photomultipliers, the electronics, and the trigger and
calibration systems. The real performance of the detector, which always meets,
and sometimes exceeds, design expectations, is also shown. Some important
aspects of the Borexino project, i.e. the fluid handling plants, the
purification techniques and the filling procedures, are not covered in this
paper and are, or will be, published elsewhere (see Introduction and
Bibliography).Comment: 37 pages, 43 figures, to be submitted to NI
New results on solar neutrino fluxes from 192 days of Borexino data
We report the direct measurement of the ^7Be solar neutrino signal rate
performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran
Sasso. The interaction rate of the 0.862 MeV ^7Be neutrinos is
49+-3(stat)+-4(syst) counts/(day * 100ton). The hypothesis of no oscillation
for ^7Be solar neutrinos is inconsistent with our measurement at the 4sigma
level. Our result is the first direct measurement of the survival probability
for solar nu_e in the transition region between matter-enhanced and
vacuum-driven oscillations. The measurement improves the experimental
determination of the flux of ^7Be, pp, and CNO solar nu_e, and the limit on the
magnetic moment of neutrinos
Diallel analysis for technological traits in upland cotton.
Final cotton quality is of great importance, and it depends on intrinsic and extrinsic fiber characteristics. The objective of this study was to estimate general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities for technological fiber traits among six upland cotton genotypes and their fifteen hybrid combinations, as well as to determine the effective genetic effects in controlling the traits evaluated. In 2015, six cotton genotypes: FM 993, CNPA 04-2080, PSC 355, TAM B 139-17, IAC 26, and TAMCOT-CAMD-E and fifteen hybrid combinations were evaluated at the Experimental Station of Embrapa Algodão, located in Patos, PB, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications. Technological fiber traits evaluated were: length (mm); strength (gf/tex); fineness (Micronaire index); uniformity (%); short fiber index (%), and spinning index. The diallel analysis was carried out according to the methodology proposed by Griffing, using method II and model I. Significant differences were detected between the treatments and combining abilities (GCA and SCA), indicating the variability of the study material. There was a predominance of additive effects for the genetic control of all traits. TAM B 139-17 presented the best GCA estimates for all traits. The best combinations were: FM 993 x TAM B 139-17, CNPA 04-2080 x PSC 355, FM 993 x TAMCOTCAMD- E, PSC 355 x TAM B 139-17, and TAM B 139-17 x TAMCOTCAMD- E, by obtaining the best estimates of SCA, with one of the parents having favorable estimates for GCA
Static and Dynamic Lung Volumes in Swimmers and Their Ventilatory Response to Maximal Exercise
Purpose
While the static and dynamic lung volumes of active swimmers is often greater than the predicted volume of similarly active non-swimmers, little is known if their ventilatory response to exercise is also different.
Methods
Three groups of anthropometrically matched male adults were recruited, daily active swimmers (n = 15), daily active in fields sport (Rugby and Football) (n = 15), and recreationally active (n = 15). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) was measured before and after exercise to volitional exhaustion.
Results
Swimmers had significantly larger FVC (6.2 ± 0.6 l, 109 ± 9% pred) than the other groups (5.6 ± 0.5 l, 106 ± 13% pred, 5.5 ± 0.8, 99% pred, the sportsmen and recreational groups, respectively). FEV1 and MVV were not different. While at peak exercise, all groups reached their ventilatory reserve (around 20%), the swimmers had a greater minute ventilation rate than the recreational group (146 ± 19 vs 120 ± 87 l/min), delivering this volume by breathing deeper and slower.
Conclusions
The swimmers utilised their larger static volumes (FVC) differently during exercise by meeting their ventilation volume through long and deep breaths
Physicochemical properties of frozen tortillas from nixtamalized maize flours enriched with β-glucans
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