Only the B biotype of Bemisia tabaci is present on vegetables in São Paulo State, Brazil

Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) is one of the most important pests in cultivated areas of vegetables and ornamental crops around the world. Based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidize I (mtCOI) sequence, there is evidence that B. tabaci should be considered a cryptic species complex of 11 groups containing 24 species. Two of the groups, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 and Mediterranean include biotypes B and Q, respectively. In this study we evaluated the mtCOI sequence of B. tabaci populations collected in sites of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Using PCR-RFLP with Taq I, a typical biotype B profile was obtained for all specimens. Based on the comparison with mtCOI reference sequences we found four haplotypes all belonging to the Middle East-Asia Minor 1. They occurred in the hosts pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and cucurbitaceae plants.Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) é considerada uma das mais importantes pragas em cultivos de hortaliças e ornamentais em todo o mundo. Baseado na análise da seqüência mitocondrial (citocromo oxidase I - mtCOI) foi proposto recentemente que B. tabaci deva ser considerado um complexo críptico de espécies, contendo 11 grupos e 24 espécies. Dois destes grupos: Middle East-Asia Minor e Mediterranean englobam os biótipos B e Q, respectivamente. Avaliou-se a sequência mtCOI de espécimes de B. tabaci coletados em regiões do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Por PCR-RFLP utilizando-se a enzima Taq I, pôde-se observar somente o padrão típico de clivagem para o biótipo B. Comparando-se com sequências consenso, todas as moscas brancas foram classificadas no grupo Middle East-Asia Minor e puderam ser separadas em quatro haplótipos, indicando prevalência do biótipo B em áreas de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.), tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), cucurbitáceas e berinjela (Solanum melongena L.) do Estado de São Paulo

Lectura social y LIJ 2.0 en la universidad. Aplicaciones y redes sociales de lectura

Dentro del desarrollo de nuevos conceptos pedagógicos como las Tecnologías del Aprendizaje y el Conocimiento (TAC) y el Mobile Learning han aparecido algunos aspectos principales como la Lectura Social y la LIJ 2.0 fundamentales para la didáctica de la lengua y la literatura en entornos digitales. Entre las múltiples posibilidades que nos ofrecen los distintos servicios de redes sociales y microblogging, algunos objetivos para su uso didáctico pueden ser el fomento de la lectura y el desarrollo de la competencia lectoliteraria. Las redes sociales pueden ser un espacio de conversación y lectura donde, con dinámicas adecuadas, se trabaje la comprensión lectora desde muy distintas perspectivas. En el siguiente trabajo se hará una revisión de las distintas herramientas, desde los espacios más generalistas como Facebook o los clubes de lectura a través de servicios como Twitter, hasta llegar a aplicaciones y redes sociales específicas centradas en la literatura, como Aldiko, Wattpad, Ibooks, Anobii, Goodreads o Entrelectores, haciendo una descripción de las distintas posibilidades para la formación del alumnado y la promoción de la lectura

Inhibition of the autocrine IL-6-JAK2-STAT3-calprotectin axis as targeted therapy for HR-/HER2+ breast cancers

HER2-positive (HER2(+)) breast adenocarcinomas are a heterogeneous group in which hormone receptor (HR) status influences therapeutic decisions and patient outcome. By combining genome-wide RNAi screens with regulatory network analysis, we identified STAT3 as a critically activated master regulator of HR(-)/HER2(+) tumors, eliciting tumor dependency in these cells. Mechanistically, HR(-)/HER2(+) cells secrete high levels of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine, inducing the activation of STAT3, which in turn promotes a second autocrine stimulus to increase S100A8/9 complex (calprotectin) production and secretion. Increased calprotectin levels activate signaling pathways involved in proliferation and resistance. Importantly, we demonstrated that inhibition of the IL-6-Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-STAT3-calprotectin axis with FDA-approved drugs, alone and in combination with HER2 inhibitors, reduced the tumorigenicity of HR(-)/HER2(+) breast cancers, opening novel targeted therapeutic opportunities

Search for promptly produced heavy quarkonium states in hadronic Z decays

A search has been made for direct production of heavy quarkonium states in more than 3 million hadronicZ 0 decays in the 1991¿1994 DELPHI data. PromptJ/ψ, ψ(2S) andΓ candidates have been searched for through their leptonic decay modes using criteria based on the kinematics and decay vertex positions. New upper limits are set at the 90% confidence level forBr(Z 0→(Qq)X)/Br(Z 0→ hadrons) for various strong production mechanisms ofJ/ψ andΓ; these range down to 0.9×10−4. The limits are set in the presence of a small excess (∼1% statistical probability of a background fluctuation) in the sum of candidates from promptJ/ψ, ψ(2S),γ(1S),γ(2S) andγ(3S) relative to the estimated background

Redes sociales de lectura y otras herramientas de la LIJ 2.0 en asignaturas de didáctica de la lengua y la literatura de la Universidad de Alicante

Nuestra red continúa el trabajo de cursos anteriores profundizando en el concepto de LIJ 2.0 (Literatura y Lectura Infantil y Juvenil en la web social) para mostrarnos las últimas novedades que nos ofrece Internet y los nuevos dispositivos para el acceso a la literatura. En este caso nos centramos en dos herramientas que gracias a la generalización de las tabletas y los teléfonos inteligentes han recibido mucha atención y nos permiten acceder a muchos elementos de la lectura social en cualquier lugar y en cualquier momento. Estamos hablando de las aplicaciones y las redes sociales de lectura. En nuestra aportación a las jornadas de redes (Rovira et alii 2015) ya se hizo un recorrido por distintas herramientas y sus principales posibilidades. Ante un panorama tan amplio, la red ha querido centrar esta memoria en las prácticas realizadas a través de la herramienta más conocida, Facebook y mostrando las posibilidades para la didáctica de la lengua y la literatura y para la LIJ 2.0

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file