Facteurs de stress en entreprise: cas de 223 salariés des Entreprises Privées Formelles (EPF) de la ville de Ouagadougou

Introduction: au Burkina Faso, le stress professionnel constitue un problème de santé publique. L´objectif de cette étude était d´identifier les facteurs de stress chez les salariés des entreprises privées formelles de la ville de Ouagadougou. Méthodes: l´enquête a été réalisée au moyen des questionnaires de Karasek à 26 items et de Siegrist à 23 items. Les analyses ont été réalisées sur la base des modèles d´analyse validés de Karasek et de Siegrist et sur le logiciel SPSS. Résultats: nous avons enquêté 223 salariés (186 hommes et 37 femmes) âgés en moyenne de 36,70 ans ± δ = 33,25. En plus, 70,40% des salariés sont en job strain; 50,22% en iso strain et 52,02% en déséquilibre effort/récompense. Des analyses post hoc ont permis de mettre en évidence les facteurs de stress suivants: gros efforts fournis et faible pouvoir de décision. Conclusion: la présente étude a révélé l´existence du stress chez les salariés des entreprises et a permis de mettre en évidence l´importante nécessité de combiner les questionnaires de Karasek et de Siegrist dans l´étude des facteurs de stress

Déterminants de la pratique régulière de l’activité physique et sportive dans la ville de Ouagadougou.

Les bienfaits de la pratique régulière de l’activité physique et sportive (APS) sur la santé et la qualité de vie sont bien établis. Toutefois, la pratique régulière demeure un grand défi dans un contexte marqué par des changements majeurs de mode de vie. Objectif : L’objectif de cette recherche est de déterminer les facteurs déterminants de la pratique régulière de l’activité physique et sportive chez des pratiquants dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Méthode : cette étude est de nature transversale et de type quantitatif. L’enquête a été réalisée auprès de 320 pratiquants d’APS choisis par choix raisonné. L’instrument de collecte des données a été le questionnaire. Les données ont été analysées sur le logiciel « Sphinx plus2 ». Résultats : Le sexe (p < 0,03), le cadre de pratique, (p < 0,0001), le type d’activité physique (p<0,0001), et le secteur d’activité professionnelle (p<0,0006) sont étaient associés à la pratique régulière des APS. Conclusion et perspectives : Ces résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité de repenser la question des infrastructures de proximité, la qualité des animations des activités physiques et sportives et la notion des plages horaires de pratique. Ils contribueront à orienter les pouvoirs publics vers des politiques sportives plus concrètes

Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study of Lipid Levels Incorporating Gene-Alcohol Interactions

A person's lipid profile is influenced by genetic variants and alcohol consumption, but the contribution of interactions between these exposures has not been studied. We therefore incorporated gene-alcohol interactions into a multiancestry genome-wide association study of levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. We included 45 studies in stage 1 (genome-wide discovery) and 66 studies in stage 2 (focused follow-up), for a total of 394,584 individuals from 5 ancestry groups. Analyses covered the period July 2014-November 2017. Genetic main effects and interaction effects were jointly assessed by means of a 2-degrees-of-freedom (df) test, and a 1-df test was used to assess the interaction effects alone. Variants at 495 loci were at least suggestively associated (P <1 x 10(-6)) with lipid levels in stage 1 and were evaluated in stage 2, followed by combined analyses of stage 1 and stage 2. In the combined analysis of stages 1 and 2, a total of 147 independent loci were associated with lipid levels at P <5 x 10(-8) using 2-df tests, of which 18 were novel. No genome-wide-significant associations were found testing the interaction effect alone. The novel loci included several genes (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5 (PCSK5), vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB), and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1 (APOBEC1) complementation factor (A1CF)) that have a putative role in lipid metabolism on the basis of existing evidence from cellular and experimental models.Peer reviewe

A multi-ancestry genome-wide study incorporating gene-smoking interactions identifies multiple new loci for pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure

Elevated blood pressure (BP), a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, is influenced by both genetic and lifestyle factors. Cigarette smoking is one such lifestyle factor. Across five ancestries, we performed a genome-wide gene-smoking interaction study of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) in 129 913 individuals in stage 1 and follow-up analysis in 480 178 additional individuals in stage 2. We report here 136 loci significantly associated with MAP and/or PP. Of these, 61 were previously published through main-effect analysis of BP traits, 37 were recently reported by us for systolic BP and/or diastolic BP through gene-smoking interaction analysis and 38 were newly identified (P <5 x 10(-8), false discovery rate <0.05). We also identified nine new signals near known loci. Of the 136 loci, 8 showed significant interaction with smoking status. They include CSMD1 previously reported for insulin resistance and BP in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. Many of the 38 new loci show biologic plausibility for a role in BP regulation. SLC26A7 encodes a chloride/bicarbonate exchanger expressed in the renal outer medullary collecting duct. AVPR1A is widely expressed, including in vascular smooth muscle cells, kidney, myocardium and brain. FHAD1 is a long non-coding RNA overexpressed in heart failure. TMEM51 was associated with contractile function in cardiomyocytes. CASP9 plays a central role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Identified only in African ancestry were 30 novel loci. Our findings highlight the value of multi-ancestry investigations, particularly in studies of interaction with lifestyle factors, where genomic and lifestyle differences may contribute to novel findings.Peer reviewe

WARBA Dance Steps of Ganzourgou: Conflict Prevention and Resolution in Burkina Faso

In the Ganzourgou province, an ancestral ludomotor activity is practiced: the warba, a traditional dance on which the Moaga society has engraved its mechanisms of prevention and resolution of conflicts that often oppose its members. It is a dance that conveys through body gestures, deep messages whose objectives are, among others, the quest for social cohesion. To grasp the different articulations of this traditional dance of prevention and conflict regulation, a stay was made in Ganzourgou where a participatory observation was carried out on the intangible cultural heritage of this people. From the analysis of the results, it appears that the warba dance steps such as the Laadem-lacre or the Kar-valga implemented under the instrumental air during sacred or profane dance ceremonies, convey messages that consolidate social relations. However, the results also show that this reference social practice is under the influence of modern and African-inspired dances, thus leading to its gradual disappearance. To face this influence, research suggests the revitalization of this local knowledge of the Moose people of Ganzourgou, bearer of endogenous values of conflict regulation, and its inclusion in school curricula and in the practice of maintenance sport

Electropolymerization of copolymer electrolyte into titania nanotube electrodes for high-performance 3D microbatteries

It is described the electrochemical synthesis of a copolymer electrolyte (PMMA-PEO) into titania nanotubes. The electrochemical cell based on copolymer electrolyte and titania nanotube electrode reveals high performances opening new perspectives for the fabrication of 3D hybrid Li-ion microbatteries prepared solely by electrochemical techniques

Electrodeposited copolymer electrolyte into nanostructured titania electrodes for 3D Li-ion microbatteries

The electrochemical synthesis of a copolymer electrolyte (PEO-PMMA) into titania nanotubes is described and studied. Compared with the electrochemical systems based on solid electrolytes deposited by top-down techniques, the copolymer/titania nanotube material reveals high electrochemical performance, opening new perspectives for the fabrication of 3D all-solid-state microbatteries

Protein Z Exerts Pro-Angiogenic Effects and Upregulates CXCR4

<div><p>Objective</p><p>Protein Z (PZ) is a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor without catalytic activity. Evidence points towards PZ as an independent risk factor for the occurrence of human peripheral arterial disease. However, the role of PZ in ischemia-driven angiogenesis and vascular healing processes has not been elucidated so far.</p><p>Approach</p><p>Angiogenic potency of PZ was assessed in established <i>in vitro</i> assays using endothelial cells. PZ-deficient (PZ^−/−) mice and their wild-type littermates (PZ^+/+) were subjected to hindlimb ischemia. Furthermore, PZ^−/− mice were exposed to PZ expressing adenovirus (AdV-PZ) or control adenovirus (AdV-GFP). In an additional set of animals, PZ^−/− mice were exposed to AdV-PZ and AdV-GFP, each in combination with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100.</p><p>Results</p><p><i>In vitro</i>, PZ stimulated migratory activity and capillary-like tube formation of endothelial cells comparable to SDF-1. PZ^−/− mice exhibited diminished hypoxia-driven neovascularization and reperfusion in post-ischemic hindlimbs, which was restored by adenoviral gene transfer up to levels seen in PZ^+/+ mice. The stimulatory impact of PZ on endothelial cells <i>in vitro</i> was abolished by siRNA targeting against PZ and PZ was not able to restore reduced migration after knock-down of CXCR4. The increased surface expression of CXCR4 on PZ-stimulated endothelial cells and the abrogated restoration of PZ^−/− mice via AdV-PZ after concomitant treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 supports the idea that PZ mediates angiogenesis via a G-protein coupled pathway and involves the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. This is underlined by the fact that addition of the G-protein inhibitor PTX to PZ-stimulated endothelial cells abolished the effect of PZ on capillary-like tube formation.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The results of the current study reveal a role of PZ in ischemia-induced angiogenesis, which involves a G-protein coupled pathway and a raised surface expression of CXCR4. Our findings thereby extend the involvement of PZ from the coagulation cascade to a beneficial modulation of vascular homeostasis.</p></div

CARACTERISATION DES TROUBLES MUSCULOSQUELETTIQUES (TMS) CHEZ LES ENSEIGNANTS D’EPS DANS LA VILLE DE OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO / CHARACTERIZATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS IN THE CITY OF OUAGADOUGOU, BURKINA FASO

Contexte : Les Troubles Musculo Squelettiques (TMS) sont des pathologies qui affectent les muscles, tendons, nerfs des membres et le rachis. Ils touchent les différentes catégories socio- professionnelles. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer la prévalence, la localisation et les facteurs associés aux TMS chez les enseignants d’EPS actifs. Méthode : Il s’est agi d’une étude transversale à visée descriptive réalisée au moyen du questionnaire CCHST (2018) auprès de 165 enseignants dont 158 (95,57%) hommes et sept (4,43%) femmes dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Résultat : Au total 128 (77,58%) enseignants avaient des TMS. Ces TMS étaient localisés en majorité à la hanche (67%), aux lombaires (59%), aux genoux/jambes (31%). L’âge, l’ancienneté dans l’exercice du métier, les antécédents de santé et le volume horaire d’enseignement étaient associés à la survenue des TMS. Ces résultats révèlent que la grande majorité des enseignants d’EPS souffraient de TMS et ceux-ci étaient en majorité situés au niveau de la partie inférieure du corps. Nous pouvons conclure que les TMS des enseignants d’EPS sont fréquents et méritent d’être pris en charge. Conclusion : De cette étude, il est ressorti que les facteurs associés de ces TMS étaient l’âge, les antécédents de santé, l’ancienneté et le volume horaire hebdomadaire de cours. L’analyse de ces résultats révèle que la grande majorité des enseignants d’EPS sont concernés par les TMS. Le métier d’enseignant d’EPS est un métier à haut risque de TMS. Ainsi, les enseignants d’EPS doivent œuvrer pour la reconnaissance, la prise en charge et la prévention des maladies liées à leur métier. Des études prospectives avec des analyses médicales devraient être envisagées pour contrôler et dissocier les paramètres de la mobilité et de l’immobilité de la posture debout chez les enseignants d’EPS dans la ville de Ouagadougou. Context: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are pathologies that affect the muscles, tendons, nerves of the limbs and the spine. They affect different socio-occupational categories. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, location and factors associated with MSDs in active PE teachers. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted using the CCHST (2018) questionnaire among 165 teachers, 158 (95.57%) of whom were men and seven (4.43%) were women in the city of Ouagadougou. Result: A total of 128 (77.58%) teachers had MSDs. The majority of these MSDs were located in the hip (67%), lumbar (59%), and knee/leg (31%) areas. Age, length of time in the profession, health history and teaching hours were associated with the occurrence of MSDs. These results show that the vast majority of PE teachers suffered from MSDs, and most of them were located in the lower part of the body. We can conclude that MSDs in PE teachers are frequent and deserve to be managed. Conclusion: The study found that the factors associated with MSDs were age, health history, length of service, and weekly class time. Analysis of these results reveals that the vast majority of PE teachers are affected by MSDs. The profession of PE teacher is a high-risk profession for MSDs. Thus, PE teachers must work for the recognition, management and prevention of illnesses related to their profession. Prospective studies with medical analyses should be envisaged to monitor and dissociate the parameters of mobility and immobility of the standing posture among PE teachers in the city of Ouagadougou.  Article visualizations

PZ promotes the migration and capillary-like tube formation of endothelial cells <i>in vitro</i>.

<p><b>A</b>, Representative images of scratch-wound closures after 8 and 24 hours of incubation with SDF-1 or PZ, ctrl corresponds to untreated cells. 100-fold magnification. Exposure of endothelial cells to PZ (3 µg/ml) led to a significantly higher wound closure after 8 (<b>B</b>) and 24 hours (<b>C</b>) comparable to stimulation with SDF-1 (50 ng/ml). Data are given as box plots indicating the median with the 25^th and 75^th percentiles. ANOVA on ranks; $p<0.05 vs. ctrl; n = 4–7 independent experiments. <b>D</b>, Representative images of tubular networks after 8 hours of incubation in matrigel angiogenesis assay in the presence of SDF-1 (50 ng/ml), PZ (3 µg/ml), PZ+PTX and PTX alone (100 ng/ml), ctrl are untreated cells. 100-fold magnification. <b>E</b>, HUVECs showed significantly enhanced formation of capillary-like tubular structures on Matrigel when incubated with SDF-1 and PZ compared with ctrl. Coincubation of endothelial cells with PZ and PTX abolished the PZ-mediated increase in tube formation, while incubation with PTX alone had no effect on tube formation. Data are given as box plots indicating the median with the 25^th and 75^th percentiles. ANOVA on ranks;$ p<0.05 vs. ctrl; ß p<0.05 vs. PZ; n = 6 independent experiments.</p