« Il faut se battre » : Les expériences de femmes congolaises sur le marché de l’emploi au Canada.

Dans une perspective intersectionnelle qui articule les différents marqueurs identitaires entre autres la couleur de la peau, le sexe, l’origine ethnique, la taille, la langue, la religion, cette thèse expose dans quelle mesure ces différentes variables prédisposent les femmes noires originaires de l’Afrique aux discriminations, mythes, racisme, préjugés et stéréotypes sur le marché de l’emploi. Cette étude est une analyse qualitative qui se concentre sur les expériences de femmes immigrantes congolaises sur le marché de l’emploi au Canada. Ses résultats font état de trois variables en cause aux difficultés de ces femmes sur le marché de l’emploi. Il s’agit de la couleur de la peau, le sexe et l’origine ethnique. Cette étude conclut que ces femmes sont discriminées systématiquement, qu’elles soient nées au Canada ou qu’elles y aient immigré. Cette recherche pourrait permettre aux décideurs et organismes gouvernementaux qui viennent en charge aux femmes immigrantes de trouver des informations pertinentes pour développer des outils pédagogiques pouvant les aider à intégrer plus efficacement sur le marché de l’emploi.Maîtrise en arts (MA) en sociologi

Current concepts in the prevention of pathogen transmission via blood/plasma-derived products for bleeding disorders

The pathogen safety of blood/plasma-derived products has historically been a subject of significant concern to the medical community. Measures such as donor selection and blood screening have contributed to increase the safety of these products, but pathogen transmission does still occur. Reasons for this include lack of sensitivity/specificity of current screening methods, lack of reliable screening tests for some pathogens (e.g. prions) and the fact that many potentially harmful infectious agents are not routinely screened for. Methods for the purification/inactivation of blood/plasma-derived products have been developed in order to further reduce the residual risk, but low concentrations of pathogens do not necessarily imply a low level of risk for the patient and so the overall challenge of minimising risk remains. This review aims to discuss the variable level of pathogenic risk and describes the current screening methods used to prevent/detect the presence of pathogens in blood/plasma-derived products

The Potential of Permaculture in AddressingFood Insecurity in Karamoja District, Uganda

Achieving food security in its totality continues to be a challenge in developing nationsespecially those in Africa. The root cause of food insecurity in developing countries is theinability of people to gain access to food due to poverty (Pinstrup-Aderesen, 2002). While therest of the world has made significant progress towards poverty alleviation, Africa, inparticular Sub-Saharan Africa continues to lag behind.Karamoja region is not any different from other developing regions battling with foodinsecurity because of poverty and unpredictable rainfall. For quite a long point in time,Karamoja region has suffered prolonged draught due to unpredictable rain failure which hasinflicted a lot of misery to the people by making them food insecure because of little or nofood harvests. In the dawn of climate change, the situation may further deteriorate if urgentsustainable food security strategies are not introduced in Karamoja.The tasks of reverting Karamoja’s food insecurity to the same secure levels of the other partsof the country requires a shift from emergency relief distribution to sustainable selfproduction planning by the people of Karimojong. This research therefore goes out toinvestigate the potential of one sustainable strategy called Permaculture in addressing the foodinsecurity at the household level for the Karamojongs.Permaculture is a practical concept applicable from the balcony to the farm, from the city tothe wilderness. It is a design system for sustainable environments providing food, energy,shelter, material and non-material needs, as well as the social and economic infrastructuresthat support them. Permaculture means thinking carefully about our environment, our use ofresources and how we supply our needs. It aims to create systems that will sustain not onlyour present, but also future generations (PIJ, 1999).The final result of the current paper is that according to the case study, the Karamojongpracticing Permaculture are more food secure than the ordinary Karamojong. It was alsofound that the land in Karamoja is fertile and if sensitization and awareness of this concept iscarried out, Permaculture will help in reverting the current food insecurity in Karamoja in along run

The Potential of Permaculture in AddressingFood Insecurity in Karamoja District, Uganda

Achieving food security in its totality continues to be a challenge in developing nationsespecially those in Africa. The root cause of food insecurity in developing countries is theinability of people to gain access to food due to poverty (Pinstrup-Aderesen, 2002). While therest of the world has made significant progress towards poverty alleviation, Africa, inparticular Sub-Saharan Africa continues to lag behind.Karamoja region is not any different from other developing regions battling with foodinsecurity because of poverty and unpredictable rainfall. For quite a long point in time,Karamoja region has suffered prolonged draught due to unpredictable rain failure which hasinflicted a lot of misery to the people by making them food insecure because of little or nofood harvests. In the dawn of climate change, the situation may further deteriorate if urgentsustainable food security strategies are not introduced in Karamoja.The tasks of reverting Karamoja’s food insecurity to the same secure levels of the other partsof the country requires a shift from emergency relief distribution to sustainable selfproduction planning by the people of Karimojong. This research therefore goes out toinvestigate the potential of one sustainable strategy called Permaculture in addressing the foodinsecurity at the household level for the Karamojongs.Permaculture is a practical concept applicable from the balcony to the farm, from the city tothe wilderness. It is a design system for sustainable environments providing food, energy,shelter, material and non-material needs, as well as the social and economic infrastructuresthat support them. Permaculture means thinking carefully about our environment, our use ofresources and how we supply our needs. It aims to create systems that will sustain not onlyour present, but also future generations (PIJ, 1999).The final result of the current paper is that according to the case study, the Karamojongpracticing Permaculture are more food secure than the ordinary Karamojong. It was alsofound that the land in Karamoja is fertile and if sensitization and awareness of this concept iscarried out, Permaculture will help in reverting the current food insecurity in Karamoja in along run

Analyse intersectionnelle des défis et enjeux des inégalités sociales sur le marché du travail : l’expérience de vingt femmes congolaises résidant au Québec et en Ontario

Dans une perspective intersectionnelle qui articule les différents marqueurs identitaires, notamment la couleur de la peau, le sexe, l’origine ethnique, la taille, la langue et la religion, cet article est basé sur une étude qui veut savoir dans quelle mesure ces variables prédisposent les femmes noires originaires de l’Afrique aux discriminations, mythes, racisme, préjugés et stéréotypes sur le marché de l’emploi. L’article présente les résultats d’une analyse qualitative qui se concentre sur les expériences de femmes immigrantes congolaises sur le marché de l’emploi en Ontario et au Québec, deux grandes provinces du Canada. Les résultats soulèvent trois variables qui illustrent les difficultés de ces femmes sur le marché de l’emploi : la couleur de la peau, le sexe et l’origine ethnique. L’article montre que ces femmes sont discriminées systématiquement, qu’elles soient nées au Canada ou qu’elles y aient immigré.In an intersectional perspective that articulates the different identity markers such as skin colour, sex, ethnic origin, size, language and religion, this article is based on a study of the extent to which these variables predispose black women originating from Africa to discriminations, myths, racism, prejudices and stereotypes in the labor market. The article presents the results of a qualitative analysis that focuses on the experiences of Congolese immigrant women in the labor market in Ontario and Quebec, two major provinces of Canada. The results raise three variables that illustrate the difficulties these women face in the job market. These are the colour of the skin, gender and ethnicity. The article shows that these women are systematically discriminated against, whether they were born in Canada or they immigrated to Canada

Impact of method of recruitment of blood donors on the prevalence of HIV and HBV in Bukavu, DR Congo

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Open Forum Infect Dis

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) share common risk factors. The parallel description of their frequency over time may help capture their similarities and differences. Methods: Using data from the National Transfusion Center of Abidjan, we estimated the following over a 20-year period: (1) the prevalence of HIV and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity at first contact; and (2) the incidence of HIV and HBsAg seroconversion in negative first-time blood donors. Results: Between 1992 and 2012, 422319 donors (men [M] = 74%) provided 1063825 blood donations. For first-time donors, HIV prevalence decreased from 7.1% (M = 5.9%, women [W] =11.0%) in 1992-1994 to 1.1% (M = 0.8%, W = 2.0%) in 2010-2012. Prevalence of HBsAg positivity remained stable at 10.8% (M = 11.7%, W = 7.3%) in 1992-1994 to 11.1% (M = 12.5%, W = 7.1%) in 2010-2012. Among regular donors (N = 129256), the incidence of becoming HIV or HBsAg positive, respectively, decreased from 4.9 per 100 (M = 4.5, W = 8.6) and 7.3 per 100 person-years (M = 7.8, W = 2.3) in 1992-1994 to 0.07 (M = 0.06, W = 0.11) and 0.2 per 100 person-years (M = 0.2, W = 0.2) in 2010-2012. Conclusions: Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence and incidence decreased dramatically over time, whereas HBV prevalence remained stable. Incidence of HBsAg seroconversion, although decreasing, still reached unexpected levels, suggesting that the risk of HBV infection in adults may be higher than expected. Hepatitis B surface antigen-negative blood-donors should be offered HBV vaccination