34 research outputs found
Experimental Status of Neutrino Physics
After a fascinating phase of discoveries, neutrino physics still has a few
mysteries such as the absolute mass scale, the mass hierarchy, the existence of
CP violation in the lepton sector and the existence of right-handed neutrinos.
It is also entering a phase of precision measurements. This is what motivates
the NUFACT 11 conference which prepares the future of long baseline neutrino
experiments. In this paper, we report the status of experimental neutrino
physics. We focus mainly on absolute mass measurements, oscillation parameters
and future plans for oscillation experiments
Evidence of electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam
The T2K Collaboration reports evidence for electron neutrino appearance at the atmospheric mass splitting, |Îm232|â2.4Ă10â3ââeV2. An excess of electron neutrino interactions over background is observed from a muon neutrino beam with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV at the Super-Kamiokande (SK) detector 295 km from the beamâs origin. Signal and background predictions are constrained by data from near detectors located 280 m from the neutrino production target. We observe 11 electron neutrino candidate events at the SK detector when a background of 3.3±0.4(syst) events is expected. The background-only hypothesis is rejected with a p value of 0.0009 (3.1Ï), and a fit assuming ΜΌâÎœe oscillations with sinï»ż22Ξ23=1, ÎŽCP=0 and |Îm232|=2.4Ă10â3ââeV2 yields sinï»ż22Ξ13=0.088+0.049â0.039(stat+syst)
Search for Lorentz and CPT violation using sidereal time dependence of neutrino flavor transitions over a short baseline
A class of extensions of the Standard Model allows Lorentz and CPT violations, which can be identified
by the observation of sidereal modulations in the neutrino interaction rate. A search for such modulations
was performed using the T2K on-axis near detector. Two complementary methods were used in this study,
both of which resulted in no evidence of a signal. Limits on associated Lorentz and CPT-violating terms
from the Standard Model extension have been derived by taking into account their correlations in this
model for the first time. These results imply such symmetry violations are suppressed by a factor of more
than 10 20 at the GeV scale
First measurement of the ΜΌ charged-current cross section on a water target without pions in the final state
This paper reports the first differential measurement of the charged-current interaction cross section of ΜΌ on water with no pions in the final state. This flux-averaged measurement has been made using the T2K experimentâs off-axis near detector, and is reported in doubly differential bins of muon momentum and angle. The flux-averaged total cross section in a restricted region of phase space was found to be Ï=(0.95±0.08(stat)±0.06(det syst)±0.04(model syst)±0.08(flux))Ă10â38ââcm2/n
Search for electron antineutrino appearance in a long-baseline muon antineutrino beam
Electron antineutrino appearance is measured by the T2K experiment in an accelerator-produced antineutrino beam, using additional neutrino beam operation to constrain parameters of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix. T2K observes 15 candidate electron antineutrino events with a background expectation of 9.3 events. Including information from the kinematic distribution of observed events, the hypothesis of no electron antineutrino appearance is disfavored with a significance of 2.40Ï and no discrepancy between data and PMNS predictions is found. A complementary analysis that introduces an additional free parameter which allows non-PMNS values of electron neutrino and antineutrino appearance also finds no discrepancy between data and PMNS predictions
Measurement of neutrino and antineutrino neutral-current quasielasticlike interactions on oxygen by detecting nuclear deexcitation Îł rays
Neutrino- and antineutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic-like
interactions are measured at Super-Kamiokande using nuclear de-excitation
-rays to identify signal-like interactions in data from a $14.94 \
(16.35)\times 10^{20}\langle \sigma_{\nu {\rm -NCQE}} \rangle = 1.70 \pm 0.17 ({\rm stat.}) ^{+
{\rm 0.51}}_{- {\rm 0.38}} ({\rm syst.}) \times 10^{-38} \ {\rm cm^2/oxygen}\langle \sigma_{\bar{\nu} {\rm
-NCQE}} \rangle = 0.98 \pm 0.16 ({\rm stat.}) ^{+ {\rm 0.26}}_{- {\rm 0.19}}
({\rm syst.}) \times 10^{-38} \ {\rm cm^2/oxygen}$ with a flux-averaged energy
of 0.68 GeV, for neutrinos and antineutrinos, respectively. These results are
the most precise to date, and the antineutrino result is the first cross
section measurement of this channel. They are compared with various theoretical
predictions. The impact on evaluation of backgrounds to searches for supernova
relic neutrinos at present and future water Cherenkov detectors is also
discussed
Measurement of the muon neutrino charged-current cross sections on water, hydrocarbon and iron, and their ratios, with the T2K on-axis detectors
We report a measurement of the flux-integrated ΜΌ charged-current cross sections on water, hydrocarbon, and iron in the T2K on-axis neutrino beam with a mean neutrino energy of 1.5 GeV. The measured cross sections on water, hydrocarbon, and iron are ÏH2OCC=(0.840±0.010(stat.)+0.10â0.08(syst.))Ă10â38cm2/nucleon, ÏCHCC=(0.817±0.007(stat.)+0.11â0.08(syst.))Ă10â38cm2/nucleon, and ÏFeCC=(0.859±0.003(stat.)+0.12â0.10(syst.))Ă10â38cm2/nucleon, respectively, for a restricted phase space of induced muons: ΞΌ0.4 GeV/c in the laboratory frame. The measured cross section ratios are ÏH2OCC/ÏCHCC=1.028±0.016(stat.)±0.053(syst.)â , ÏFeCC/ÏH2OCC=1.023±0.012(stat.)±0.058(syst.)â , and ÏFeCC/ÏCHCC=1.049±0.010(stat.)±0.043(syst.)â . These results, with an unprecedented precision for the measurements of neutrino cross sections on water in the studied energy region, show good agreement with the current neutrino interaction models used in the T2K oscillation analyses
Constraint on the matterâantimatter symmetry-violating phase in neutrino oscillations
The charge-conjugation and parity-reversal (CP) symmetry of fundamental particles is a symmetry between matter and antimatter. Violation of this CP symmetry was first observed in 19641, and CP violation in the weak interactions of quarks was soon established2. Sakharov proposed3 that CP violation is necessary to explain the observed imbalance of matter and antimatter abundance in the Universe. However, CP violation in quarks is too small to support this explanation. So far, CP violation has not been observed in non-quark elementary particle systems. It has been shown that CP violation in leptons could generate the matterâantimatter disparity through a process called leptogenesis4. Leptonic mixing, which appears in the standard modelâs charged current interactions5,6, provides a potential source of CP violation through a complex phase ÎŽCP, which is required by some theoretical models of leptogenesis7,8,9. This CP violation can be measured in muon neutrino to electron neutrino oscillations and the corresponding antineutrino oscillations, which are experimentally accessible using accelerator-produced beams as established by the Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) and NOvA experiments10,11. Until now, the value of ÎŽCP has not been substantially constrained by neutrino oscillation experiments. Here we report a measurement using long-baseline neutrino and antineutrino oscillations observed by the T2K experiment that shows a large increase in the neutrino oscillation probability, excluding values of ÎŽCP that result in a large increase in the observed antineutrino oscillation probability at three standard deviations (3Ï). The 3Ï confidence interval for ÎŽCP, which is cyclic and repeats every 2Ï, is [â3.41, â0.03] for the so-called normal mass ordering and [â2.54, â0.32] for the inverted mass ordering. Our results indicate CP violation in leptons and our method enables sensitive searches for matterâantimatter asymmetry in neutrino oscillations using accelerator-produced neutrino beams. Future measurements with larger datasets will test whether leptonic CP violation is larger than the CP violation in quarks
Observation of Electron Neutrino Appearance in a Muon Neutrino Beam
The T2K experiment has observed electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam produced 295 km from the Super-Kamiokande detector with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV. A total of 28 electron neutrino events were detected with an energy distribution consistent with an appearance signal, corresponding to a significance of 7.3Ï when compared to 4.92 ± 0.55 expected background events. In the PMNS mixing model, the electron neutrino appearance signal depends on several parameters including three mixing angles Ξ12, Ξ23, Ξ13, a mass difference Îm232 and a CP violating phase ÎŽCP. In this neutrino oscillation scenario, assuming |Îm232|=2.4Ă10â3 eV2, sin2Ξ23=0.5, ÎŽCP=0, and Îm232>0 (Îm232<0), a best-fit value of sin22Ξ13 = 0.140+0.038â0.032 (0.170+0.045â0.037) is obtained
Scintillator ageing of the T2K near detectors from 2010 to 2021
The T2K experiment widely uses plastic scintillator as a target for neutrino interactions and an active medium for the measurement of charged particles produced in neutrino interactions at its near detector complex. Over 10 years of operation the measured light yield recorded by the scintillator based subsystems has been observed to degrade by 0.9â2.2% per year. Extrapolation of the degradation rate through to 2040 indicates the recorded light yield should remain above the lower threshold used by the current reconstruction algorithms for all subsystems. This will allow the near detectors to continue contributing to important physics measurements during the T2K-II and Hyper-Kamiokande eras. Additionally, work to disentangle the degradation of the plastic scintillator and wavelength shifting fibres shows that the reduction in light yield can be attributed to the ageing of the plastic scintillator. The long component of the attenuation length of the wavelength shifting fibres was observed to degrade by 1.3â5.4% per year, while the short component of the attenuation length did not show any conclusive degradation