Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits

• Leaf dark respiration (Rdark) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of Rdark and associated leaf traits. • Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed-effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in Rdark. • Area-based Rdark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each site increased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20°C increase in growing T (8–28°C). By contrast, Rdark at a standard T (25°C, Rdark25) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher Rdark25 at a given photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax25) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. Rdark25 values at any given Vcmax25 or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants. • The results highlight variation in Rdark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of Rdark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land-surface components of Earth system models (ESMs)

From imitation to imutation: Conditions and consequences

We examine a neglected spectrum of activities, where imitation and innovation blend together. We refer to these firm activities as imutation, a mixture of imitation and mutation (transformation). The main purpose is to define and distinguish imutation from imitation and offer a framework revealing key conditions and outcomes of imutation

Static and collective properties of dusty non-equilibrium plasmas

The static dielectric function and dust acoustic waves are considered of non-equilibrium dusty plasmas. The dynamic characteristics are considered using an effective potential applicable at elevated pressure, but this is not a limitation. A three-species model capable of describing the collective processes is suggested, and a first order phase transition in such systems is previewed. The OCP static characteristics are calculated within the HNC approach.This work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 12-02-01177-a), the President of the Russian Federation (project no. NSh-2447.2012.2 for Support of Leading Scientific Schools) and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Grant No. ENE2010-21116-C02-02). I. M. T. is also grateful to the UPV for the sabbatical leave he was granted.Filippov, AV.; Starostin, AN.; Tkachenko Gorski, IM.; Fortov, VE. (2013). Static and collective properties of dusty non-equilibrium plasmas. Contributions to Plasma Physics. 53(4-5):442-449. https://doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.201200128S442449534-5Filippov, A. V., Starostin, A. N., Tkachenko, I. M., Fortov, V. E., Ballester, D., & Conde, L. (2010). Dust acoustic waves in a nonequilibrium dusty plasma. JETP Letters, 91(11), 558-565. doi:10.1134/s0021364010110044Filippov, A. V., Starostin, A. N., Tkachenko, I. M., & Fortov, V. E. (2011). Dust acoustic waves in complex plasmas at elevated pressure. Physics Letters A, 376(1), 31-38. doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2011.10.030Adamyan, V. M., & Tkachenko, I. M. (2003). Sum rules and exact relations for quantal Coulomb systems. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 43(56), 252-257. doi:10.1002/ctpp.200310020I. M. Tkachenko Yu. V. Arkhipov A. Askaruly “The Method of Moments and its Applications in Plasma Physics”, Lambert Acad. Publ., Saarbrücken, Germany, 2012.Dolgov, O. V., Kirzhnits, D. A., & Maksimov, E. G. (1981). On an admissible sign of the static dielectric function of matter. Reviews of Modern Physics, 53(1), 81-93. doi:10.1103/revmodphys.53.81Maksimov, E. G., Dolgov, O. V., & Dolgov, O. V. (2007). Physics-Uspekhi, 50(9), 933. doi:10.1070/pu2007v050n09abeh006213M. G. Krein A. A. Nudel'man “The Markov moment problem and extremal problems”, Trans. of Math. Monographs 50 , Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, R. I., 1977.N. I. Akhiezer “The Classical Moment Problem”, Hafner Publishing Company, New York, 1965.A. A. Abrikosov L. P. Gorkov I. E. Dzyaloshinski “Methods of Quantum Field Theory in Statistical Physics”, Pergamon Press, 1965.A. N. Starostin in Proceedings of IXth International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases (Bucharest, 1969), p. 366.Starostin, A. N., Roerich, V. C., & More, R. M. (2003). How correct is the EOS of weakly nonideal hydrogen plasmas? Contributions to Plasma Physics, 43(56), 369-372. doi:10.1002/ctpp.200310048Starostin, A. N., & Roerich, V. C. (2005). A converging equation of state of a weakly nonideal hydrogen plasma without mystery. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 100(1), 165-198. doi:10.1134/1.1866208Fasolino, A., Parrinello, M., & Tosi, M. P. (1978). Static dielectric behavior of charged fluids near freezing. Physics Letters A, 66(2), 119-121. doi:10.1016/0375-9601(78)90013-0Ng, K. (1974). Hypernetted chain solutions for the classical one‐component plasma up to Γ=7000. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 61(7), 2680-2689. doi:10.1063/1.1682399Baus, M. (1980). Statistical mechanics of simple coulomb systems. Physics Reports, 59(1), 1-94. doi:10.1016/0370-1573(80)90022-

Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits

Summary: Leaf dark respiration (R dark ) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of R dark and associated leaf traits. Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed-effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in R dark . Area-based R dark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each site increased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20°C increase in growing T (8-28°C). By contrast, R dark at a standard T (25°C, R dark 25 ) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher R dark 25 at a given photosynthetic capacity (V cmax 25 ) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. R dark 25 values at any given V cmax 25 or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants. The results highlight variation in R dark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of R dark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land-surface components of Earth system models (ESMs). © 2015 New Phytologist Trust

Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits

Leaf dark respiration (Rdark) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of Rdark and associated leaf traits. Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed‐effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in Rdark. Area‐based Rdark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each site increased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20°C increase in growing T (8–28°C). By contrast, Rdark at a standard T (25°C, Rdark25) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher Rdark25 at a given photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax25) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. Rdark25 values at any given Vcmax25 or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants. The results highlight variation in Rdark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of Rdark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land‐surface components of Earth system models (ESMs)

Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits

Leaf dark respiration (R-dark) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of R-dark and associated leaf traits. Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed-effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in R-dark. Area-based R-dark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each siteincreased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20 degrees C increase in growing T (8-28 degrees C). By contrast, R-dark at a standard T (25 degrees C, R-dark(25)) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher R-dark(25) at a given photosynthetic capacity (V-cmax(25)) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. R-dark(25) values at any given V-cmax(25) or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants. The results highlight variation in R-dark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of R-dark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land-surface components of Earth system models (ESMs)

Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits

Leaf dark respiration (Rdark) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of Rdark and associated leaf traits. •Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed-effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in Rdark. •Area-based Rdark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each site increased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20°C increase in growing T (8–28°C). By contrast, Rdark at a standard T (25°C, Rdark25) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher Rdark25 at a given photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax25) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. Rdark25 values at any given Vcmax25 or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants. •The results highlight variation in Rdark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of Rdark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land-surface components of Earth system models (ESMs)