Lightning impulse investigation on vegetables oils and simulation of electric field distribution

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Dual Axis Solar Tracking System in Perlis, Malaysia

Sunlight is an abundant source of energy and this energy can be harnessed successfully using solar photovoltaic panels and convert it into electrical energy. However, the conversion efficiency of a normal PV panel is low. One of the main reasons is the power output of a PV panel is dependent directly on the light intensity. As the position of the sun is changing continuously from time to time, the absorption efficiency of an immobile solar panel would be significantly less at a certain time of the day and year. Therefore, to maximize the energy generation and improve the efficiency, a solar tracker comes into play. This paper presents the design and construction of an inexpensive active dual axis solar tracking system for tracking the movement of the sun to get the maximum power from the solar panels. It uses Light Dependent Resistors (LDR) to sense the position of the sun which is communicated to an Arduino Uno microcontroller. An algorithm is implemented to control DC geared motor’s movements which maintaining the solar PV panel position so that it will perpendicularly facing towards the sun at all the effective time. Performance for both fixed and dual-axis solar tracker was compared. Evaluation results show that the dual-axis solar tracking system performs 44.7% better than the fixed solar tracking system

Stress-Strain Response Modelling of Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite Pipes under Multiaxial Loadings

This paper presents the modelling of the stress strain response of glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GRE) composite pipes subjected to multiaxial loadings at room temperature (RT). This particular modeling work was developed to predict the non-linear stress strain response caused by the fatigue cyclic and static loading in the multiaxial ultimate elastic wall stress (UEWS) tests by considering the effects of matrix cracking within the laminates. The UEWS test, whilst not yet standardized, appears to offer an attractive alternative to existing procedures of qualifying GRE pipes. The ply properties initially expressed as a function of crack density were computed as a function of increasing stress and strain using shear lag approximation. The results show that the model developed from the classical laminate theory which takes into account whether the effects of transverse matrix micro-cracks on stiffness and strains is capable of predicting the resulted elastic properties. The predictions are found to be in good agreement with the data from multiaxial UEWS tests on ±55° filament wound glass-reinforced epoxy pipes

Fine-Scale Mapping of the 4q24 Locus Identifies Two Independent Loci Associated with Breast Cancer Risk

Background: A recent association study identified a common variant (rs9790517) at 4q24 to be associated with breast cancer risk. Independent association signals and potential functional variants in this locus have not been explored. Methods: We conducted a fine-mapping analysis in 55,540 breast cancer cases and 51,168 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Results: Conditional analyses identified two independent association signals among women of European ancestry, represented by rs9790517 [conditional P = 2.51 × 10−4; OR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.07] and rs77928427 (P = 1.86 × 10−4; OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.07). Functional annotation using data from the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project revealed two putative functional variants, rs62331150 and rs73838678 in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs9790517 (r2 ≥ 0.90) residing in the active promoter or enhancer, respectively, of the nearest gene, TET2. Both variants are located in DNase I hypersensitivity and transcription factor–binding sites. Using data from both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC), we showed that rs62331150 was associated with level of expression of TET2 in breast normal and tumor tissue. Conclusion: Our study identified two independent association signals at 4q24 in relation to breast cancer risk and suggested that observed association in this locus may be mediated through the regulation of TET2. Impact: Fine-mapping study with large sample size warranted for identification of independent loci for breast cancer risk

trans-Dichloridobis(dimethyl sulfoxide-κO)bis(4-fluorobenzyl-κC1)tin(IV): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis

The SnIV atom in the title diorganotin compound, [Sn(C7H6F)2Cl2(C2H6OS)2], is located on a centre of inversion, resulting in the C2Cl2O2 donor set having an all-trans disposition of like atoms. The coordination geometry approximates an octahedron. The crystal features C - H⋯F, C - H⋯Cl and C - H⋯π interactions, giving rise to a three-dimensional network. The respective influences of the Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl and F⋯H/H⋯F contacts to the molecular packing are clearly evident from the analysis of the Hirshfeld surface

Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) of natural ester oils under arcing faults

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