Excited States in U(1)2+1 Lattice Gauge Theory and Level Spacing Statistics in Classical Chaos

Cette thèse est organisé en deux parties. Dans la première partie nous nous adressons à un problème vieux dans la théorie de jauge - le calcul du spectre et des fonctions d'onde. La stratégie que nous proposons est de construire une base d'états stochastiques de liens de Bargmann, construite à partir d'une distribution physique de densité de probabilité. Par la suite, nous calculons les amplitudes de transition entre ces états par une approche analytique, en utilisant des intégrales de chemin standards ainsi que la théorie des groupes. Également, nous calculons numériquement matrices symétrique et hermitienne des amplitudes de transition, via une méthode Monte Carlo avec échantillonnage pondéré. De chaque matrice, nous trouvons les valeurs propres et les vecteurs propres. En appliquant cette méthode â la théorie de jauge U(l) en deux dimensions spatiales, nous essayons d'extraire et de présenter le spectre et les fonctions d'onde de cette théorie pour des grilles de petite taille. En outre, nous essayons de faire quelques ajustement dynamique des fenêtres de spectres d'énergie et les fonctions d'onde. Ces fenêtres sont outiles de vérifier visuellement la validité de l'hamiltonien Monte Carlo, et de calculer observables physiques. Dans la deuxième partie nous étudions le comportement chaotique de deux systèmes de billard classiques, par la théorie des matrices aléatoires. Nous considérons un gaz périodique de Lorentz à deux dimensions dans des régimes de horizon fini et horizon infini. Nous construisons quelques matrices de longueurs de trajectoires de un particule mobile dans ce système, et réalisons des études des spectres de ces matrices par l'analyse numérique. Par le calcul numérique des distributions d'espacement de niveaux et rigidité spectral, nous constatons la statistique des espacements de niveaux suggère un comportement universel. Nous étudions également un tel comportement pour un système optique chaotique. En tant que quasi-système de potentiel, ses fluctuations dans l'espacement de ses niveaux suivent aussi un comportement GOE, ce qui est une signature d'universalité. Dans cette partie nous étudions également les propriétés de diffusion du gaz de Lorentz, par la longueur des trajectoires. En calculant la variance de ce quantité, nous montrons que dans le cas d'horizons finis, la variance de longueurs est linéaire par rapport au nombre de collisions de la particule dans le billard. Cette linéarité permet de définir un coefficient de diffusion pour le gaz de Lorentz, et dans un schéma général, elle est compatible avec les résultats obtenus par d'autres méthodes

Spectrum and wave functions of excited states in lattice gauge theory

We suggest a new method to compute the spectrum and wave functions of excited states. We construct a stochastic basis of Bargmann link states, drawn from a physical probability density distribution and compute transition amplitudes between stochastic basis states. From such transition matrix we extract wave functions and the energy spectrum. We apply this method toU(1)2+1 lattice gauge theory. As a test we compute the energy spectrum, wave functions and thermodynamical functions of the electric Hamiltonian and compare it with analytical results. We find excellent agreement. We observe scaling of energies and wave functions in the variable of time. We also present first results on a small lattice for the full Hamiltonian including the magnetic term

Spectrum and Wave Functions of Excited States in Lattice Gauge Theory

We suggest a new method to compute the spectrum and wave functions of excited states. We construct a stochastic basis of Bargmann link states, drawn from a physical probability density distribution and compute transition amplitudes between stochastic basis states. From such transition matrix we extract wave functions and the energy spectrum. We apply this method to $U(1)_{2+1}$ lattice gauge theory. As a test we compute the energy spectrum, wave functions and thermodynamical functions of the electric Hamiltonian and compare it with analytical results. We find excellent agreement. We observe scaling of energies and wave functions in the variable of time. We also present first results on a small lattice for the full Hamiltonian including the magnetic term.Comment: Lattice 2008 conferenc

Melting of PCM in a thermal energy storage unit: Numerical investigation and effect of nanoparticle enhancement

The present paper describes the analysis of the melting process in a single vertical shell-and-tube latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES), unit and it is directed at understanding the thermal performance of the system. The study is realized using a computational fluid-dynamic (CFD) model that takes into account of the phase-change phenomenon by means of the enthalpy method. Fluid flow is fully resolved in the liquid phase-change material (PCM) in order to elucidate the role of natural convection. The unsteady evolution of the melting front and the velocity and temperature fields is detailed. Temperature profiles are analyzed and compared with experimental data available in the literature. Other relevant quantities are also monitored, including energy stored and heat flux exchanged between PCM and HTF. The results demonstrate that natural convection within PCM and inlet HTF temperature significantly affects the phase-change process. Thermal enhancement through the dispersion of highly conductive nanoparticles in the base PCM is considered in the second part of the paper. Thermal behavior of the LHTES unit charged with nano-enhanced PCM is numerically analyzed and compared with the original system configuration. Due to increase of thermal conductivity, augmented thermal performance is observed: melting time is reduced of 15% when nano-enhanced PCM with particle volume fraction of 4% is adopted. Similar improvements of the heat transfer rate are also detecte

Osthole attenuated cytotoxicity induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells through inhibition of JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways

Objective(s): Natural coumarin called osthole is regarded as a medicinal herb with widespread applications in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It has various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. In some neurodegenerative diseases, osthole also shows neuroprotective properties. In this study, we explored how osthole protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from the cytotoxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Materials and Methods: Using the MTT assay and DCFH-DA methods, respectively, the viability of the cells and the quantity of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT), Janus Kinase (JAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and caspase-3 activation levels were examined using western blotting.Results: In SH-SY5Y cells, the results showed that a 24-hour exposure to 6-OHDA (200 µM) lowered cell viability but markedly elevated ROS, p-JAK/JAK, p-STAT/STAT, p-ERK/ERK, p-JNK/JNK ratio, and caspase-3 levels. Interestingly, osthole (100 µM) pretreatment of cells for 24 hr prevented 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity by undoing all effects of 6-OHDA. Conclusion: In summary, our data showed that osthole protects SH-SY5Y cells against 6-OHDA-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting ROS generation and reducing the activity of the JAK/STAT, MAPK, and apoptotic pathways

Coherent diffraction of single Rice Dwarf virus particles using hard X-rays at the Linac Coherent Light Source

Single particle diffractive imaging data from Rice Dwarf Virus (RDV) were recorded using the Coherent X-ray Imaging (CXI) instrument at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). RDV was chosen as it is a wellcharacterized model system, useful for proof-of-principle experiments, system optimization and algorithm development. RDV, an icosahedral virus of about 70 nm in diameter, was aerosolized and injected into the approximately 0.1 mu m diameter focused hard X-ray beam at the CXI instrument of LCLS. Diffraction patterns from RDV with signal to 5.9 angstrom ngstrom were recorded. The diffraction data are available through the Coherent X-ray Imaging Data Bank (CXIDB) as a resource for algorithm development, the contents of which are described here.11Ysciescopu