Valores espirométricos en hombres sanos físicamente activos

Introducción. A pesar de disponer de diferentes guías de normalidad de valores espirométricos en reposo en diferentes poblaciones normales, aún no han sido bien establecidos en una población físicamente activa. Objetivos. Este estudio fue diseñado para examinar los valores espirométricos basales en sujetos activos con entrenamiento de al menos 3 días por semana y previos una prueba de esfuerzo máxima controlada. Material y métodos. Los sujetos reclutados (405 hombres) realizaron una espirometría y una prueba de esfuerzo máxima en tapiz rodante o en cicloergómetro, en función de la mayor afinidad respecto a su actividad deportiva habitual. Se determinaron CFV, FEV1, FEV1/FVC. FEF25-75% y PEF en la exploración basal y VO2max, VE, EqO2, EqCO2, PETO2max, PETCO2max y REE en la prueba de esfuerzo o Ergoespirometría. Se generaron unos percentiles de los parámetros espiratorios y ecuaciones de predicción para sujetos físicamente activos. Resultados. Se observaron valores espirométricos superiores a los esperados respecto a la población general p<0.001. Existió correlación significativa entre los parámetros espirométricos y el Peso, Estatura y Edad. También se observaron correlaciones con VE, VO2max, VCO2max y EqO2 y EqCO2 de todos los parámetros estudiados excepto con PEF. No se determinaron diferencias por deporte al disponer de una muestra homogénea de resistencia aeróbica. Se establecieron fórmulas predictivas para los valores espirométricos de sujetos físicamente activos. Conclusiones Este estudio proporciona valores de normalidad de la espirometría de reposo tras una prueba de esfuerzo máxima obtenida en una gran población de hombres físicamente activos

γ-Linolenic acid in maternal milk drives cardiac metabolic maturation.

Birth presents a metabolic challenge to cardiomyocytes as they reshape fuel preference from glucose to fatty acids for postnatal energy production1,2. This adaptation is triggered in part by post-partum environmental changes3, but the molecules orchestrating cardiomyocyte maturation remain unknown. Here we show that this transition is coordinated by maternally supplied γ-linolenic acid (GLA), an 18:3 omega-6 fatty acid enriched in the maternal milk. GLA binds and activates retinoid X receptors4 (RXRs), ligand-regulated transcription factors that are expressed in cardiomyocytes from embryonic stages. Multifaceted genome-wide analysis revealed that the lack of RXR in embryonic cardiomyocytes caused an aberrant chromatin landscape that prevented the induction of an RXR-dependent gene expression signature controlling mitochondrial fatty acid homeostasis. The ensuing defective metabolic transition featured blunted mitochondrial lipid-derived energy production and enhanced glucose consumption, leading to perinatal cardiac dysfunction and death. Finally, GLA supplementation induced RXR-dependent expression of the mitochondrial fatty acid homeostasis signature in cardiomyocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study identifies the GLA-RXR axis as a key transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying the maternal control of perinatal cardiac metabolism.S

Psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of instruments to measure neck pain disability

[EN] Background. The NDI, COM and NPQ are evaluation instruments for disability due to NP. There was no Spanish version of NDI or COM for which psychometric characteristics were known. The objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Spanish version of the Neck Disability Index Questionnaire (NDI), and the Core Outcome Measure (COM), to validate its use in Spanish speaking patients with non-specific neck pain (NP), and to compare their psychometric characteristics with those of the Spanish version of the Northwick Pain Questionnaire (NPQ). Methods. Translation/re-translation of the English versions of the NDI and the COM was done blindly and independently by a multidisciplinary team. The study was done in 9 primary care Centers and 12 specialty services from 9 regions in Spain, with 221 acute, subacute and chronic patients who visited their physician for NP: 54 in the pilot phase and 167 in the validation phase. Neck pain (VAS), referred pain (VAS), disability (NDI, COM and NPQ), catastrophizing (CSQ) and quality of life (SF-12) were measured on their first visit and 14 days later. Patients' self-assessment was used as the external criterion for pain and disability. In the pilot phase, patients' understanding of each item in the NDI and COM was assessed, and on day 1 test-retest reliability was estimated by giving a second NDI and COM in which the name of the questionnaires and the order of the items had been changed. Results. Comprehensibility of NDI and COM were good. Minutes needed to fill out the questionnaires [median, (P25, P75)]: NDI. 4 (2.2, 10.0), COM: 2.1 (1.0, 4.9). Reliability: [ICC, (95%CI)]: NDI: 0.88 (0.80, 0.93). COM: 0.85 (0.75,0.91). Sensitivity to change: Effect size for patients having worsened, not changed and improved between days 1 and 15, according to the external criterion for disability: NDI: -0.24, 0.15, 0.66; NPQ: -0.14, 0.06, 0.67; COM: 0.05, 0.19, 0.92. Validity: Results of NDI, NPQ and COM were consistent with the external criterion for disability, whereas only those from NDI were consistent with the one for pain. Correlations with VAS, CSQ and SF-12 were similar for NDI and NPQ (absolute values between 0.36 and 0.50 on day 1, between 0.38 and 0.70 on day 15), and slightly lower for COM (between 0.36 and 0.48 on day 1, and between 0.33 and 0.61 on day 15). Correlation between NDI and NPQ: r = 0.84 on day 1, r = 0.91 on day 15. Correlation between COM and NPQ: r = 0.63 on day 1, r = 0.71 on day 15. Conclusion. Although most psychometric characteristics of NDI, NPQ and COM are similar, those from the latter one are worse and its use may lead to patients' evolution seeming more positive than it actually is. NDI seems to be the best instrument for measuring NP-related disability, since its results are the most consistent with patient's assessment of their own clinical status and evolution. It takes two more minutes to answer the NDI than to answer the COM, but it can be reliably filled out by the patient without assistanceS

Adiciones y correcciones a la orquidoflora valenciana

Some data about rare orchid taxa at the Valencian Community (Spain) or expansions of their distribution area to new shires are shown; The confirmed presence of Ophrys × chobautii for the Valencian Community and Neottia nidus-avis in Alicante province must be emphasized

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Psychometric characteristics of the Spanish version of instruments to measure neck pain disability

Background: The NDI, COM and NPQ are evaluation instruments for disability due to NP. There was no Spanish version of NDI or COM for which psychometric characteristics were known. The objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Spanish version of the Neck Disability Index Questionnaire (NDI), and the Core Outcome Measure (COM), to validate its use in Spanish speaking patients with non-specific neck pain (NP), and to compare their psychometric characteristics with those of the Spanish version of the Northwick Pain Questionnaire (NPQ). Methods: Translation/re-translation of the English versions of the NDI and the COM was done blindly and independently by a multidisciplinary team. The study was done in 9 primary care Centers and 12 specialty services from 9 regions in Spain, with 221 acute, subacute and chronic patients who visited their physician for NP: 54 in the pilot phase and 167 in the validation phase. Neck pain (VAS), referred pain (VAS), disability (NDI, COM and NPQ), catastrophizing (CSQ) and quality of life (SF-12) were measured on their first visit and 14 days later. Patients' self-assessment was used as the external criterion for pain and disability. In the pilot phase, patients' understanding of each item in the NDI and COM was assessed, and on day 1 test-retest reliability was estimated by giving a second NDI and COM in which the name of the questionnaires and the order of the items had been changed. Results: Comprehensibility of NDI and COM were good. Minutes needed to fill out the questionnaires [median, (P25, P75)]: NDI. 4 (2.2, 10.0), COM: 2.1 (1.0, 4.9). Reliability: [ICC, (95%CI)]: NDI: 0.88 (0.80, 0.93). COM: 0.85 (0.75,0.91). Sensitivity to change: Effect size for patients having worsened, not changed and improved between days 1 and 15, according to the external criterion for disability: NDI: -0.24, 0.15, 0.66; NPQ: -0.14, 0.06, 0.67; COM: 0.05, 0.19, 0.92. Validity: Results of NDI, NPQ and COM were consistent with the external criterion for disability, whereas only those from NDI were consistent with the one for pain. Correlations with VAS, CSQ and SF-12 were similar for NDI and NPQ (absolute values between 0.36 and 0.50 on day 1, between 0.38 and 0.70 on day 15), and slightly lower for COM (between 0.36 and 0.48 on day 1, and between 0.33 and 0.61 on day 15). Correlation between NDI and NPQ: r = 0.84 on day 1, r = 0.91 on day 15. Correlation between COM and NPQ: r = 0.63 on day 1, r = 0.71 on day 15. Conclusion: Although most psychometric characteristics of NDI, NPQ and COM are similar, those from the latter one are worse and its use may lead to patients' evolution seeming more positive than it actually is. NDI seems to be the best instrument for measuring NP-related disability, since its results are the most consistent with patient's assessment of their own clinical status and evolution. It takes two more minutes to answer the NDI than to answer the COM, but it can be reliably filled out by the patient without assistance

Las TIC como recurso en la Educación en valores

Se realiza en el C.P 'Teresa Revilla' de Fresno el Viejo, lugar donde han trabajado los profesores implicados. Los objetivos son: - Buscar y aplicar nuevas técnicas para trabajar la educación en valores a través de las nuevas tecnologías. - Continuar aplicando técnicas tradicionales en tutoría (charlas, fichas, trabajos escritos, ejercicios en grupo e individuales). - Formación del profesorado en la utilización de técnicas para favorecer más educación en valores con los alumnos y de las nuevas tecnologías.- Creación de dichos materiales en formato Hot-Potatoes. Sistema del trabajo llevado a cabo en tres fases: 1) Programación de las unidades didácticas. Se diseñaron las actividades que se iban a elaborar. Se determinó la temporalización para presentar las fichas a los alumnos. 2) Formación del profesorado con charlas, trabajo sobre la parte teórica, programas y aplicaciones didácticas informáticas. 3) Trabajo en tutoría sobre el tema de los valores. Elaboración de actividades con programas informáticos diseñados para las distintas unidades didácticas programadas. Desarrollo de la experiencia: se ha llevado a cabo en todo el centro y niveles educativos: infantil, primaria y secundaria. Resultados: la valoración del proyecto se considera positiva. Los objetivos propuestos se han alcanzado y han incidido positivamente en la dinámica del centro. Señalar el compromiso del profesorado, tanto en el proyecto, como en la implicación a las familias que han recibido dos charlas . El próximo curso escolar 2005/2006 se piensa continuar trabajando los mismos objetivos a través del 'Plan de convivencía escolar'. Materiales elaborados: tres cuadernos donde se va detallando el sistema de trabajo y las fichas presentadas a los alumnos, fotografías, un CD con actividades elaboradas con el programa Hot-Potatoes. Materiales utilizados: ordenadores, programa Hot-Potatoes, internet, material fungible, escáner, cámara de fotos y fotocopiadora. Trabajo no publicado.Junta de Castilla y LeónCastilla y LeónConsejería de Educación. Dirección General de Universidades e Investigación; Monasterio de Nuestra Señora de Prado, Autovía Puente Colgante, s. n.; 47071 Valladolid; Tel. +34983411881; Fax +34983411939ES

Actividad física en relación con la obesidad y el sobrepeso en adolescentes

Estudio de la relación existente entre los niveles de actividad física con respecto al peso (sobrepeso y obesidad) detectados en una muestra significativa de adolescentes de la Comunidad de Madrid. Analiza los nutrientes en la alimentación, la dieta saludable en los adolescentes, recomendaciones generales de vida saludable y el ejercicio en el adolescentes, necesidades energética y dieta saludable en adolescentes en diferentes deportes, medidas preventivas de la obesidad en adolescentes y trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Cada uno de estos aspectos está tratado por un especialistaES