Excitation Energy Delocalization and Transfer to Guests within M(II)4L6 Cage Frameworks

We have prepared a series of M(II)4L6 tetrahedral cages containing one or the other of two distinct BODIPY moieties, as well as mixed cages that contain both BODIPY chromophores. The photophysical properties of these cages and their fullerene-encapsulated adducts were studied in depth. Upon cage formation, the charge-transfer character exhibited by the bis(aminophenyl)-BODIPY subcomponents disappeared. Strong excitonic interactions were instead observed between at least two BODIPY chromophores along the edges of the cages, arising from the electronic delocalization through the metal centers. This excited-state delocalization contrasts with previously reported cages. All cages exhibited the same progression from an initial bright singlet state (species I) to a delocalized dark state (species II), driven by interactions between the transition dipoles of the ligands, and subsequently into geometrically relaxed species III. In the case of cages loaded with C60 or C70 fullerenes, ultrafast host-to-guest electron transfer was observed to compete with the excitonic interactions, short-circuiting the I → II → III sequence

Extensive Cross-contamination Of Specimens With Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In A Reference Laboratory

A striking increase in the numbers of cultures positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was noticed in a mycobacterial reference laboratory in Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in May 1995. A contaminated bronchoscope was the suspected cause of the increase. All 91 M. tuberculosis isolates grown from samples from patients between 8 May and 18 July 1995 were characterized by spoligotyping and IS6110 fingerprinting. Sixty-one of the 91 isolates had identical spoligotype patterns, and the pattern was arbitrarily designated S36. The 61 specimens containing these isolates had been processed and cultured in a 21-day period ending on 1 June 1995, but only 1 sample was smear positive for acid-fast bacilli. The patient from whom this sample was obtained was considered to be the index case patient and had a 4+ smear- positive lymph node aspirate that had been sent to the laboratory on 10 May. Virtually all organisms with spoligotype S36 had the same IS6110 fingerprint pattern. Extensive review of the patients' charts and investigation of laboratory procedures revealed that cross-contamination of specimens had occurred. Because the same strain was grown from all types of specimens, the bronchoscope was ruled out as the outbreak source. The most likely source of contamination was a multiple-use reagent used for specimen processing. The organism was cultured from two of the solutions 3 weeks after mock contamination. This investigation strongly supports the idea that M. tuberculosis grown from smear-negative specimens should be analyzed by rapid and reliable strain differentiation techniques, such as spoligotyping, to help rule out laboratory contamination.374916919Tuberculosis notification update (1996) Weekly Epidemiol. Rec., 71, pp. 65-72Bauer, J., Thomsen, V.O., Poulsen, S., Andersen, A.B., False-positive results from cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to laboratory cross-contamination confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol., 35, pp. 988-991Bhattacharya, M., Dietrich, S., Mosher, L., Siddiqui, F., Reisberg, B.E., Paul, W.S., Warren, J.R., Cross contamination of specimens with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Clinical significance, causes, and prevention (1997) Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 109, pp. 324-330Braden, C.R., Templeton, G.L., Stead, W.W., Bates, J.H., Cave, M.D., Valway, S.E., Retrospective detection of laboratory cross-contamination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures with use of DNA fingerprint analysis (1997) Clin. Infect. Dis., 24, pp. 35-40Dunlap, N.E., Harris, R.H., Benjamin W.H., Jr., Harden, J.W., Hafner, D., Laboratory contamination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 152, pp. 1702-1704Groenen, P.M.A., Bunschoten, A.E., Van Soolingen, D., Van Embden, J.D.A., Nature of DNA polymorphism in the direct repeat cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Application for strain differentiation by a novel typing method (1993) Mol. Microbiol., 10, pp. 1057-1065Jones W.D., Jr., Bacteriophage typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures from incidents of suspected laboratory cross-contamination (1988) Tubercle, 69, pp. 43-49Kamerbeek, J., Schouls, L., Kolk, A., Van Agterveld, M., Van Soolingen, D., Kuijper, S., Bunschoten, A., Van Embden, J., Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for diagnosis and epidemiology (1997) J. Clin. Microbiol., 35, pp. 907-914MacGregor, R.R., Clark, L.W., Bass, F., The significance of isolating low numbers of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in culture of sputum specimens Chest, 68, pp. 518-523Maurer, J.R., Desmond, E.P., Lesser, M.D., Jones, W.D., False-positive cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1984) Chest, 86, pp. 439-442Murray, P.R., Mycobacterial cross-contamination with the modified BACTEC 460 TB system (1991) Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 14, pp. 33-35Small, P.M., McClenny, N.B., Singh, S.P., Schoolnik, G.K., Tompkins, L.S., Mickelsen, P.A., Molecular strain typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to confirm cross-contamination in the mycobacteriology laboratory and modification of procedures to minimize occurrence of false-positive cultures (1993) J. Clin. Microbiol., 31, pp. 1677-1682Smith, W.B., Vance D.W., Jr., Specimen cross-contamination by a strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis lacking nitrate reductase activity (1991) Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 14, pp. 523-526Van Embden, J.D.A., Cave, M.D., Crawford, J.T., Dale, J.W., Eisenach, K.D., Gicquel, B., Hermans, P., Small, P.M., Strain identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by DNA fingerprinting: Recommendations for a standardized methodology (1993) J. Clin. Microbiol., 31, pp. 406-409Wurtz, R., Demarais, P., Trainor, W., McAuley, J., Kocka, F., Mosher, L., Dietrich, S., Specimen contamination in mycobacteriology laboratory detected by pseudo-outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Analysis by routine epidemiology and confirmation by molecular technique (1996) J. Clin. Microbiol., 34, pp. 1017-101

Volume I. Introduction to DUNE

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay—these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. This TDR is intended to justify the technical choices for the far detector that flow down from the high-level physics goals through requirements at all levels of the Project. Volume I contains an executive summary that introduces the DUNE science program, the far detector and the strategy for its modular designs, and the organization and management of the Project. The remainder of Volume I provides more detail on the science program that drives the choice of detector technologies and on the technologies themselves. It also introduces the designs for the DUNE near detector and the DUNE computing model, for which DUNE is planning design reports. Volume II of this TDR describes DUNE\u27s physics program in detail. Volume III describes the technical coordination required for the far detector design, construction, installation, and integration, and its organizational structure. Volume IV describes the single-phase far detector technology. A planned Volume V will describe the dual-phase technology

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF

The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described