4 research outputs found
SOFC power plant with circulating fluidized bed gasifier
Coal is used all over the world to meet the energy needs of industry and housing and communal services. The main requirements of coal using are environmental safety and efficiency. Increasing these parameters can be realized with the combination of a gasifier and fuel cells. The paper includes a variant of the thermal scheme of the power plant, which uses coal as a fuel, with its further gasification and conversion into electrical energy in a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks. The developed scheme differs from traditional circuits by using a gasifier with an inhibited circulating fluidized bed (ICFB). In addition, the anode-off gases are used in the combustion chamber of the gasifier to maintain endothermic gasification reactions. This technologies combination allows increasing the energy system efficiency. The paper also includes the results of tests of an ICFB gasifier and analyze the available electrical power of the SOFC stacks. Analysis dependence EMF from the produced generator gas composition showed no significant effect on the available power of the electrochemical generator. Developed scheme allow excluding from the process the gas cleaning from tar after gasifier, which allowed to increase the efficiency and reduce the metal capacity of the developed equipment
Solid oxide fuel cells power unit reformer/burner/heat-exchanger module experimental study
The article contains the installation description, experimental procedure, and results for the catalytic partial oxidation reformer/catalyst burner/heat-exchanger module. Mathematical modeling for all major blocks temperatures dependence on the reformer air supply ratio was carried out. In the air supply ratio range under study the model was verified using experimental data. The model was further practically used for the solid oxide fuel cells power unit automatic control modes development. The partial oxidation reforming solid oxide fuel cells power unit characteristics were evaluated
Fluidized bed furnace for roasting zinc concentrates as a control object
ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ° - Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠΈΠ³ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² (ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ) Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ, Π΅Π΅ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠ³ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
. ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ° - ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ: ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π§Π΅Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°; ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ. Π‘ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² ΠΠ’Π Β«ΠΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΒ» ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΠΠ Β«Π§Π¦ΠΒ» ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΠΏΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π³ ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡ.The relevance of the researchis caused by continuous increase in using zinc in the world. Obtaining of zinc is an expensive process, one of the stages of which is roasting of sulfide zinc concentrates (charge) in a fluidized bed furnace using air blast enriched with oxygen. Since the granulometric composition of the charge, its moisture content and composition are variable, the temperature of the fluidized bed can vary and requires continuous monitoring by the operator. A huge mass of material determines the large bed inertia, therefore, it is necessary to use an automatic control system. The main aim of the research is to optimize the operation of the fluidized bed furnace for roasting sulphide zinc concentrates, in particular, to introduce automatic control of the fluidized bed temperature in order to avoid temperature fluctuations over a wide range. A significant decrease of the bed temperature leads to degradation of the concentrate roasting, as a consequence, the yield of the final product (zinc) decreases. As the temperature rises, the danger of bed slagging increases substantially due to the possible local overheating. To do this, it is necessary to obtain the dependence of the bed temperature on the charge rate, both by calculation and experimentally, on the basis of the studied kinetics of zinc concentrate oxidation in the fluidized bed furnace. Object of researchis the fluidized bed furnace of the Chelyabinsk Zinc Plant for roasting sulphide zinc concentrate. Methods: obtaining the calculated dependence of the fluidized bed temperature on the charge rate based on the studied kinetics of zinc concentrate oxidation; an experimental study of the dynamics of the change in the bed temperature with a change in the charge rate. Results. The authors have developed the mathematical model of the transient processes in the fluidized bed furnace for calcining zinc concentrates, which makes it possible to calculate the change in the bed temperature and the combustible substances concentration in it with a change in the charge rate. Comparison of the calculations with the experimental data showed good convergence of the results. On the basis of the obtained data, an approximate model of the fluidized bed furnace in the Ovatsiya PTA and an algorithm of the fluidized bed temperature regulator were developed. The introduction of a temperature regulator at the Chelyabinsk Zinc Plant will enable automatically maintain the specified fluidized bed temperature, the constancy of the combustible in the bed, eliminate undesirable charges, and reduce the danger of slagging the layer