Una nueva especie de Baurubatrachus (Anura, Neobatrachia) del Cretácico Superior de la Formación Adamantina de Brasil proporciona evidencia sobre la diversidad de este género estrafalario

In the present paper, we report new anuran remains recovered from strata referred to the Adamantina Formation (Upper Cretaceous) cropping out near Catanduva city, São Paulo, Brazil. The remains represent two individuals, one of which bears a set of peculiar characteristics, both cranial and postcranial, that allows us to assign them to the already known genus Baurubatrachus. To date, the genus was only represented by the holotype of Baurubatrachus pricei, recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Serra da Galga Formation (which is younger than the Adamantina Formation), near Peirópolis (Minas Gerais, Brazil), 200 km north of Catanduva City. The lesser ossification as well as the slender configuration of the scapula and ilia of the new remains, relative to B. pricei, points to the identification of a new species, Baurubatrachus santosdoroi sp. nov. The detailed study of the peculiar anatomy of these specimens provides new osteological features for the genus, such as the presence of a subtympanic foramen, as well as new character states for other traits to be considered in future systematic studies.El presente trabajo reporta nuevos restos de anuros hallados en estratos referidos a la Formación Adamantina (Cretácico Superior) aflorantes en las proximidades de la ciudad de Catanduva, San Pablo, Brasil. Los restos representan dos individuos, uno de ellos portador de una cantidad de características particulares, cranianas y postcranianas que permite asignarlo al género ya conocido Baurubatrachus. Hasta la fecha, el género estaba únicamente representado por el holotipo de Baurubatrachus pricei, recuperado de la Formación Serra da Galga del Cretácico Superior (que es más joven que la Formación Adamantina), cerca de la ciudad de Peirópolis (Minas Gerais, Brasil), 200 km al norte de la ciudad de Catanduva. La menor osificación, así como la condición más esbelta de las cinturas pectoral y pélvica de estos restos respecto de B. pricei, indica la presencia de una especie diferente, Baurubatrachus santosdoroi sp. nov. El estudio detallado de la anatomía particular de estos especímenes permitió identificar nuevos caracteres como la presencia de un foramen subtimpánico y, a su vez, nuevos estados de carácter para otras características, las cuales son plausibles de ser utilizadas en futuros estudios sistemáticos.Fil: Muzzopappa, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides. Centro de Ciencias Naturales, Ambientales y Antropológicas; ArgentinaFil: Iori, Fabiano Vidoi. Museu de Paleontologia “Prof. Antonio Celso de Arruda Campos"; Brasil. Museu de Paleontologia Pedro Candolo; BrasilFil: Pereira Muniz, Fellipe. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Martinelli, Agustín Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentin

HISTOLOGIA DE DENTES (DINOSAURIA E CROCODYLOMORPHA) E OSSOS FRAGMENTADOS DO NEOCRETÁCEO DO PONTAL DO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO E OESTE DE SÃO PAULO

Os estudos histológicos de dentes e ossos de vertebrados extintos têm permitido o avanço no conhecimento sobre aspectos da sua fisiologia, crescimento e ecologia. Neste trabalho são descritos e analisados cortes histológicos de dentes de dinossauro e crocodilomorfo, além de ossos fragmentados indeterminados, provenientes do Pontal do Triângulo Mineiro e oeste de São Paulo.  As microestruturas dentárias observadas incluem os túbulos dentinários e zonas opacas na dentina provavelmente originadas durante o processo tafonômico ou ação de microorganismos. A estrutura da dentina do dente de crocodilomorfo se apresentou mais preservada e foi possível identificar as linhas de von Ebner e uma linha interpretada como a linha de “contorno de Owen”. Os cortes histológicos dos ossos fragmentados também permitiram a observação e descrição da sua microestrutura, indicando que a metodologia de cortes histológicos utilizada é adequada para o estudo vertebrados fósseis provenientes do Neocretáceo do Brasil

Cretaceous sauropod diversity and taxonomic succession in South America

The South American sauropod dinosaurs fossil record is one of the world's most relevant for their abundance (51 taxa) and biogeographical implications. Their historical biogeography was influenced by the continental fragmentation of Gondwana. The scenery of biogeographic and stratigraphic distributions can provide new insight into the causes of the evolution of the sauropods in South America. One of the most important events of the sauropods evolution is the progressive replacement of Diplodocimorpha by the Titanosauriformes during the early Late Cretaceous. The fluctuation of the sea levels is frequently related to the diversity of sauropods, but it is necessary to take into account the geological context in each continent. During the Maastrichthian, a global sea level drop has been described; in contrast, in South America there was a significant rise in sea level (named 'Atlantic transgression') which is confirmed by sedimentary sequences and the fossil record of marine vertebrates. This process occurred during the Maastrichtian, when the hadrosaurs arrived from North America. The titanosaurs were amazingly diverse during the Late Cretaceous, both in size and morphology, but they declined prior to their final extinction in the Cretaceous/Paleocene boundary (65.5Yrs).Fil: de Jesus Faria, Caio Cesar. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil. Universidade Federal de Uberlandia; BrasilFil: Gonzalez Riga, Bernardo Javier. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: dos Anjos Candeiro, Carlos Roberto. Universidade Federal de Uberlandia; BrasilFil: da Silva Marinho, Thiago. Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro. Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Naturais e Educaçao; Brasil. Centro de Pesquisas Paleontologicas; BrasilFil: Ortiz David, Leonardo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Medeiros Simbras, Felipe. Petroleo Brasileiro S. A.; BrasilFil: Barboza Castanho, Roberto. Universidade Federal de Uberlandia; BrasilFil: Pereira Muniz, Fellipe. Universidade Federal de Uberlandia; BrasilFil: Gomes da Costa Pereira, Paulo Victor Luiz. Universidade Federal de Uberlandia; Brasi

Structure and Chemical Composition of ca. 10-Million-Year-Old (Late Miocene of Western Amazon) and Present-Day Teeth of Related Species

Molecular information has been gathered from fossilized dental enamel, the best-preserved tissue of vertebrates. However, the association of morphological features with the possible mineral and organic information of this tissue is still poorly understood in the context of the emerging area of paleoproteomics. This study aims to compare the morphological features and chemical composition of dental enamel of extinct and extant terrestrial vertebrates of Crocodylia: Purussaurus sp. (extinct) and Melanosuchus niger (extant), and Rodentia: Neoepiblema sp. (extinct) and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (extant). To obtain structural and chemical data, superficial and internal enamel were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Organic, mineral, and water content were obtained using polarizing microscopy and microradiography on ground sections of four teeth, resulting in a higher organic volume than previously expected (up to 49%). It is observed that both modern and fossil tooth enamel exhibit the same major constituents: 36.7% Ca, 17.2% P, and 41% O, characteristic of hydroxyapatite. Additionally, 27 other elements were measured from superficial enamel by inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Zinc was the most abundant microelement detected, followed by Pb, Fe, Mg, and Al. Morphological features observed include enamel rods in the rodent teeth, while incremental lines and semiprismatic enamel were observed in the alligator species. The fossil enamel was in an excellent state for microscopic analyses. Results show that all major dental enamel’s physical, chemical, and morphological features are present both in extant and extinct fossil tooth enamel (>8.5 Ma) in both taxa