Upper limits for the production of the eta-mesic Helium in the dd ->3Henpi0 and dd -> 3Heppi- reactions

We performed a search for 4He-eta bound state in dd -> 3Henpi0 and dd -> 3Heppi- reactions with the WASA-at-COSY facility using a ramped beam technique. The measurement was carried out with high statistics and high acceptance. The signature of eta-mesic nuclei was searched for by the measurement of the excitation functions in the vicinity of the eta production threshold for each of the considered channels. We did not observe the narrow structure which could be interpreted as a bound state. The preliminary upper limits of the total cross sections for the bound state production and decay varies from 21 nb to 36 nb for the dd -> 3Henpi0 channel, and from 5 nb to 9 nb for the dd -> 3Heppi- channel for the bound state width ranging from 5 to 50 MeV.Comment: Acta Phys. Polon. B 201

The effect of changes in space shuttle parameters on the NASA/MSFC multilayer diffusion model predictions of surface HCl concentrations

A method for formulating these changes into the model input parameters using a preprocessor program run on a programed data processor was implemented. The results indicate that any changes in the input parameters are small enough to be negligible in comparison to meteorological inputs and the limitations of the model and that such changes will not substantially increase the number of meteorological cases for which the model will predict surface hydrogen chloride concentrations exceeding public safety levels

Search for the eta-mesic Helium bound state with the WASA-at-COSY facility

We performed a search for 4He-eta bound state with high statistics and high acceptance with the WASA-at-COSY facility using a ramped beam technique. The signature of eta-mesic nuclei is searched for in dd -> 3Henpi0 and dd -> 3Heppi- reactions by the measurement of the excitation functions in the vicinity of the {\eta} production threshold. This paper presents the experimental method and the preliminary results of the data analysis for dd -> 3Henpi0 process.Comment: Proceedings from the 12th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (NN2015), Catania 2015, June 21-2

Luminosity determination for the proton-deuteron reaction using pd -> 3He eta channel with WASA-at-COSY detector

In this report one of the methods used for the luminosity determination for the experiment performed by WASA Collaboration to search for 3He-eta mesic nuclei is presented. The method is based on the analysis of pd -> 3He eta process

Remote places and digital paces?:How rural places struggle to keep up with digital developments

While many studies have been conducted to analyse the impacts of digital developments, rural areas and small towns have been underrepresented. Therefore, this thesis takes a closer look at selected places and institutions in rural areas to study their possible contribution to digital inclusion and development. More in detail, digital hubs, schools and local online shopping platforms were chosen to study how and to what extent such meeting places can support digitalization in rural areas. As methods, interviews, case studies and content analysis of available documents and relatable data were used. This thesis finds that meeting places in rural areas can support digitalization in rural areas to a certain extent. All the types of places studied were valuable for knowledge exchange and diffusion. Yet, various preconditions have to be met. For example, suitable hard- and software equipment as well as sufficient financial and human resources should be given. Moreover, commitment, collaboration, awareness and preparedness are important factors for the stakeholders involved. Another finding is that often, high hopes and expectations are linked to digitalization. Frequently, initiators of digitalization initiatives hope or expect that these can help to improve the situation in place. Yet, it can be hard to fulfil these expectations and digitalization should not be formulated as an aim in itself. Finally, this thesis reconfirms that digitalization efforts work very differently in rural areas, when compared to more urban places where population and service densities are much higher. Therefore, tailored, place-based support mechanisms should be developed and applied

Monte Carlo analysis of uncertainty propagation in a stratospheric model. 1: Development of a concise stratospheric model

A concise model has been developed to analyze uncertainties in stratospheric perturbations, yet uses a minimum of computer time and is complete enough to represent the results of more complex models. The steady state model applies iteration to achieve coupling between interacting species. The species are determined from diffusion equations with appropriate sources and sinks. Diurnal effects due to chlorine nitrate formation are accounted for by analytic approximation. The model has been used to evaluate steady state perturbations due to injections of chlorine and NO(X)

Monte Carlo analysis of uncertainty propagation in a stratospheric model. 2: Uncertainties due to reaction rates

A concise stratospheric model was used in a Monte-Carlo analysis of the propagation of reaction rate uncertainties through the calculation of an ozone perturbation due to the addition of chlorine. Two thousand Monte-Carlo cases were run with 55 reaction rates being varied. Excellent convergence was obtained in the output distributions because the model is sensitive to the uncertainties in only about 10 reactions. For a 1 ppby chlorine perturbation added to a 1.5 ppby chlorine background, the resultant 1 sigma uncertainty on the ozone perturbation is a factor of 1.69 on the high side and 1.80 on the low side. The corresponding 2 sigma factors are 2.86 and 3.23. Results are also given for the uncertainties, due to reaction rates, in the ambient concentrations of stratospheric species

Bridging Digital Inequalities in Rural Schools in Germany:A Geographical Lottery?

Repeatedly, it has been argued that advancements in digitalisation could be beneficial for rural areas. However, digital inequalities persist and affect rural communities as well. Schools can play a key role in bridging digital inequalities, but little attention has been paid to the specific conditions rural schools find themselves in when facing continuous digital developments. Therefore, we apply the digital inclusion lens and explore the impact of digital developments on rural schools in the German context. In 2019, we conducted 16 in-depth interviews with heads and teachers from rural elementary and secondary schools in Baden-Wurttemberg and Lower Saxony. We found that smaller rural schools especially can experience difficulties and conclude that the contribution of schools to a digital-included society is subject to a geographical lottery. This could eventually increase existing rural–urban digital inequalities and these findings are also relevant in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, forcing a sudden switch to distance learning