Non-implementation of Rational Expectations as a Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium

We show that a rational expectations equilibrium need not be incentive compatible, need not be implementable as a perfect Bayesian equilibrium and may not be fully Pareto optimal, unless the utility functions are state independent. A comparison of rational expectations equilibria with core concepts is also provided.Differential information economy, Rational expectations equilibrium, Implementation, Game trees, Private core

Some Shifting Relationships Between The User Community And The Earth Resources Program

The NASA Earth Resources Program has reached an important point in its development. Up to this point the program\u27s major emphasis has been on the research and development of sensors and other technical hardware required to place a remote sensing capability in orbit. This research has been quite successful. There may be some nearterm disappointments, but for the most part, the hardware required for ERTS A&B will be ready by early 1972. On the other hand, recent statements by NASA officials indicate that if ERTS is to achieve the success desired for it, more effort is required to effectively link the user communities with the program. While numerous Principal Investigators have identified various applications for remote sensing technology, the long-term interfaces between the actual users and the ERTS systems have been developing much too slowly. At this time various spokesmen and others prominent in the field are emphasizing the need for a specific effort to expose users to remote sensor technology and to educate users on the optimal ways to employ this new technological tool. This will result in better specifications for the earth resources information system and should argue for a particular direction in R&D outlays

Application of plasmonic nanomaterials in nanomedicine

Plasmonic nanoparticles are being researched as a noninvasive tool for ultrasensitive diagnostic, spectroscopic and, recently, therapeutic technologies. With particular antibody coatings on nanoparticles, they attach to the abnormal cells of interest (cancer or otherwise). Once attached, nanoparticles can be activated/heated with UV/visible/IR, RF or X-ray pulses, damaging the surrounding area of the abnormal cell to the point of death. Here, we describe an integrated approach to improved plasmonic therapy composed of nanomaterial optimization and the development of a theory for selective radiation nanophotothermolysis of abnormal biological cells with gold nanoparticles and selfassembled nanoclusters. The theory takes into account radiation-induced linear and nonlinear synergistic effects in biological cells containing nanostructures, with focus on optical, thermal, bubble formation and nanoparticle explosion phenomena. On the basis of the developed models, we discuss new ideas and new dynamic modes for cancer treatment by radiation activated nanoheaters, which involve nanocluster aggregation in living cells, microbubbles overlapping around laser-heated intracellular nanoparticles/ clusters, and laser thermal explosion mode of single nanoparticles (‘nanobombs’) delivered to the cells. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2058

One-pot homologation of boronic acids : a platform for diversity-oriented synthesis

Formal homologation of sp2-hybridized boronic acids is achieved via cross-coupling of boronic acids with conjunctive haloaryl BMIDA components in the presence of a suitably balanced basic phase. The utility of this approach to provide a platform for diversity-oriented synthesis in discovery medicinal chemistry is demonstrated in the context of the synthesis of a series of analogues of a BET bromodomain inhibitor

Prevalence of factors associated with edentulousness (no natural teeth) in adults with intellectual disabilities

Background: Poor oral health is largely preventable. Prevention includes toothbrushing and regular dental checks. Oral health has important consequences for general nutrition, chewing, communication, wider systemic disease, self‐confidence and participation in society. This study investigated the prevalence of edentulousness (no natural teeth) in adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) compared with the general population and associated factors. Methods: An adult cohort with IDs residing in Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Scotland, underwent detailed health assessments between 2002 and 2004. Between 2004 and 2006, a subsample had an oral check. Data on edentulousness in the cohort were compared with adult participants from Greater Glasgow and Clyde in the 2008 Scottish Health Survey. Within the IDs cohort, binary logistic regression analyses investigated potential relationships between edentulousness and demographic and clinical factors. Results: Five hundred sixty adults with IDs were examined [53.2% (298) male, mean age = 46.3 years, range 18–81 years] and compared with 2547 general population: edentulousness was 9% vs. 1% aged 25–34 years; 22% vs. 2% aged 35–44 years; 39% vs. 7% aged 45–54 years; 41% vs. 18% aged 55–64 years; and 76% vs. 34% aged 65–74 years. In both groups, edentulousness increased with age. After stratification for age, rates of edentulousness were consistently higher in the ID cohort. Odds ratios within age strata were not homogenous (Mantel–Haenszel test, P < 0.0001). Edentulousness was more likely in those with more severe IDs (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.23 to 4.51]); those taking antipsychotics (AOR = 2.09; 95% CI [1.25 to 3.51]) and those living in the most deprived neighbourhoods (AOR = 2.69; 95% CI [1.11 to 6.50]). There was insufficient evidence for associations with sex, type of accommodation/support, antiepileptics, problem behaviours or autism. Conclusions: Adults with IDs have a high prevalence of edentulousness and need supported daily oral care to reduce the need for extractions. Despite previous reports on poor oral care and the move towards person‐centred care, carers and care‐giving organisations need greater support to implement daily oral care. Prescribers need awareness of the potentially contributory role of antipsychotics, which may relate to xerostomia

One-pot homologation of boronic acids : a platform for diversity-oriented synthesis

Formal homologation of sp2-hybridized boronic acids is achieved via cross-coupling of boronic acids with conjunctive haloaryl BMIDA components in the presence of a suitably balanced basic phase. The utility of this approach to provide a platform for diversity-oriented synthesis in discovery medicinal chemistry is demonstrated in the context of the synthesis of a series of analogues of a BET bromodomain inhibitor

Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the improvement of long-term outcomes following ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (XILO-FIST) - Protocol for a randomised double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

Background: Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, reduced progression of carotid-intima media thickness and lowered blood pressure in a small clinical trial in people with ischaemic stroke. Xanthine oxidase inhibition for improvement of long-term outcomes following ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (XILO-FIST) aims to assess the effect of allopurinol treatment on white matter hyperintensity progression and blood pressure after stroke. This paper describes the XILO-FIST protocol. Methods: XILO-FIST is a multicentre randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group clinical trial funded by the British Heart Foundation and the Stroke Association. The trial has been adopted by the Scottish Stroke Research Network and the UK Clinical Research Network. The trial is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (registration number NCT02122718). XILO-FIST will randomise 464 participants, aged greater than 50 years, with ischaemic stroke within the past month, on a 1:1 basis, to two years treatment with allopurinol 300 mg twice daily or placebo. Participants will undergo brain magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive assessment, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and blood sampling at baseline and after two years treatment. The primary outcome will be white matter hyperintensity progression, measured using the Rotterdam progression scale. Secondary outcomes will include change in white matter hyperintensity volume, mean day-time systolic blood pressure and measures of cognitive function. Up to 100 will undergo additional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in a sub-study of left ventricular mass. Discussion: If white matter hyperintensity progression is reduced, allopurinol could be an effective preventative treatment for patients with ischaemic stroke and clinical endpoint studies would be needed. If allopurinol reduces blood pressure after stroke, then it could be used to help patients reach blood pressure targets

One-pot homologation of boronic acids

This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).Formal homologation of sp2-hybridized boronic acids is achieved via cross-coupling of boronic acids with conjunctive haloaryl BMIDA components in the presence of a suitably balanced basic phase. The utility of this approach to provide a platform for diversity-oriented synthesis in discovery medicinal chemistry is demonstrated in the context of the synthesis of a series of analogues of a BET bromodomain inhibitor.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Aquatic Global Passive Sampling (AQUA-GAPS) Revisited – First Steps towards a Network of Networks for Organic Contaminants in the Aquatic Environment

Organic contaminants, in particular persistent organic pollutants (POPs), adversely affect water quality and aquatic food webs across the globe. As of now, there is no globally consistent information available on concentrations of dissolved POPs in water bodies. The advance of passive sampling techniques has made it possible to establish a global monitoring program for these compounds in the waters of the world, which we call the Aquatic Global Passive Sampling (AQUA-GAPS) network. A recent expert meeting discussed the background, motivations, and strategic approaches of AQUA-GAPS, and its implementation as a network of networks for monitoring organic contaminants (e.g., POPs and others contaminants of concern). Initially, AQUA-GAPS will demonstrate its operating principle via two proof-of-concept studies focused on the detection of legacy and emerging POPs in freshwater and coastal marine sites using both polyethylene and silicone passive samplers. AQUA-GAPS is set-up as a decentralized network, which is open to other participants from around the world to participate in deployments and to initiate new studies. In particular, participants are sought to initiate deployments and studies investigating the presence of legacy and emerging POPs in Africa, Central and South America