Características demográficas, biológicas y sociales de las personas transgénero en países Iberoamericanos y el caribe, durante los años 2010-2020

Objetivo: Conocer las características demográficas, biológicas y sociales de personas transgénero de países Iberoamericanos y del Caribe, en base a la revisión sistemática de bibliografía publicada entre los años 2010 y 2020. Método: Revisión bibliográfica sistemática con enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo. Búsqueda de publicaciones entre 2010-2020 de Iberoamérica y el Caribe para conocer las características demográficas, biológicas y sociales de las personas transgénero. Bases de datos académicas (EBSCO, PubMed, Lilacs, Google Académico, SciELO y ClinicalKey); Analizando finalmente 434 textos, artículos científicos y publicaciones clínicas. Resultados: Los resultados demostraron que existe escasa información sobre la comunidad trans. En características demográficas se determinó que la necesidad de una transición comienza a temprana edad, existiendo movimientos migratorios marcados en busca de nuevas oportunidades para mejorar su calidad de vida. En el ámbito biológico se identificó que las modificaciones corporales comienzan precozmente mediante acompañamiento médico o no, dependiendo de los procedimientos ofrecidos en cada país, además se evidencia una limitada formación o capacitación en el equipo de salud para la atención integral de estos usuarios. En el ámbito social, los aspectos más importantes para que estas personas tomen decisiones, son el apoyo emocional y redes de apoyo, familia, amigos, compañeros, colegas y comunidad trans. Se demuestran avances y esfuerzos políticos para una transformación social y desarrollo de políticas que abordan la identidad de género, pero que no son suficientes para abarcar las necesidades como individuos cívicos. Conclusiones: Se concluye que, en los países analizados, no todos han presentado el mismo avance, lo cual implica que aún existan brechas que vuelven a las personas trans vulnerables en el ámbito social, psicológico y emocional. Por tanto, se sugiere ampliar la realización de investigaciones y ejecutar protocolos en pro de las personas trans

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Validation of an analytic method for the study of aloe ointment stability

En el presente trabajo se desarrolló y validó un método espectrofotométrico para el control de la calidad del ungüento de aloe al 25%. En la validación se evaluaron los parámetros de especificidad, linealidad, exactitud y precisión expresada en sus dos formas: repetibilidad y precisión intermedia. El método desarrollado resultó selectivo, lineal, preciso, robusto y exacto, en el rango de concentraciones estudiadas.A spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for quality control of the of aloe ointment. In the validation were evaluated the following parameters: specificity , linearity, accuracy and precision expressed in their two form repeatibility and intermediate precision. The developed method was selective, lineal, precise, robust and exact, in the range of the studied concentrations.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

GOALS-JWST: Resolving the circumnuclear gas dynamics in NGC 7469 in the mid-infrared

Vivian U et al.The nearby, luminous infrared galaxy NGC 7469 hosts a Seyfert nucleus with a circumnuclear star-forming ring and is thus the ideal local laboratory for investigating the starburst–AGN (active galactic nucleus) connection in detail. We present integral-field observations of the central 1.3 kpc region in NGC 7469 obtained with the JWST Mid-InfraRed Instrument. Molecular and ionized gas distributions and kinematics at a resolution of ∼100 pc over the 4.9–7.6 μm region are examined to study the gas dynamics influenced by the central AGN. The low-ionization [Fe ii] λ5.34 μm and [Ar ii] λ6.99 μm lines are bright on the nucleus and in the starburst ring, as opposed to H2 S(5) λ6.91 μm, which is strongly peaked at the center and surrounding ISM. The high-ionization [Mg v] line is resolved and shows a broad, blueshifted component associated with the outflow. It has a nearly face-on geometry that is strongly peaked on the nucleus, where it reaches a maximum velocity of −650 km s−1, and extends about 400 pc to the east. Regions of enhanced velocity dispersion in H2 and [Fe ii] ∼ 180 pc from the AGN that also show high L(H2)/L(PAH) and L([Fe ii])/L(Pfα) ratios to the W and N of the nucleus pinpoint regions where the ionized outflow is depositing energy, via shocks, into the dense interstellar medium between the nucleus and the starburst ring. These resolved mid-infrared observations of the nuclear gas dynamics demonstrate the power of JWST and its high-sensitivity integral-field spectroscopic capability to resolve feedback processes around supermassive black holes in the dusty cores of nearby luminous infrared galaxies.V.U acknowledges funding support from NASA Astrophysics Data Analysis Program (ADAP) grant 80NSSC20K0450. The Flatiron Institute is supported by the Simons Foundation. H.I. and T.B. acknowledge support from JSPS KAKENHI grant No. JP21H01129 and the Ito Foundation for Promotion of Science. A.M.M. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under grant No. 2009416. A.S.E. and S.L. acknowledge support from NASA grant HST-GO15472. Y.S. was funded in part by the NSF through the Grote Reber Fellowship Program administered by Associated Universities, Inc./National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. S.A. gratefully acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced grant 789410, from the Swedish Research Council and from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) Foundation. K.I. acknowledges support by the Spanish MCIN under grant PID2019-105510GB-C33/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. F.M-S. acknowledges support from NASA through ADAP award 80NSSC19K1096.Peer reviewe

La empatía y estudiantes de medicina en la Universidad de Azuay, Ecuador

  Objetivo. Identificar el nivel de empatía en los estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad del Azuay. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal. Los niveles de empatía de los estudiantes se midieron a través  de la Escala de Empatía Médica de Jefferson, versión S (EEMJ) en español, adaptada culturalmente en el contexto  Ecuador. La comparación de los datos se realizó mediante análisis de varianza bifactorial modelo III. Resultados. Se pudo observar que las mujeres tienen un promedio mayor de los niveles de empatía que los hombres en casi todos los cursos, excepto en el sexto. Existieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas cuando se analizaron por separado las puntuaciones por género y curso; estas diferencias no fueron significativas cuando se analizó la interacción entre las dos variables señaladas. Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio son consistentes con otros trabajos, especialmente con los realizados en Latinoamérica, los que muestran variabilidad de la respuesta empática en estudiantes de medicina

Periodontitis and oral human papillomavirus infection among Hispanic adults.

INTRODUCTION:Research on the association between periodontitis and oral human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is inconsistent. The cross-sectional association of severe periodontitis with oral HPV infection was investigated in a sample of Hispanic adults. METHODS:Data from the 2014-2016 San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study (n = 740) was analyzed. Periodontitis assessment and self-collection of oral HPV samples followed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey methodology. Periodontitis was defined using the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology definition. HPV typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS:5.7% of participants had oral HPV infection and 20.3% had severe periodontitis. Adults with severe periodontitis had higher odds of oral HPV infection than those with none/mild disease (OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.0-8.4, p < 0.05) in multivariable analysis. Adults with clinical attachment loss≥ 7 mm and pocket depth PD≥ 6 mm had 2- to 3-fold higher odds of HPV infection. CONCLUSIONS:Severe periodontitis was positively associated to oral HPV infection. Longitudinal evaluation of periodontal inflammation's role in acquisition and persistence of oral HPV infection is needed, as periodontitis screening could identify individuals at increased risk of HPV-related oral malignancies

Periodontitis and oral human papillomavirus infection among Hispanic adults

Introduction: Research on the association between periodontitis and oral human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is inconsistent. The cross-sectional association of severe periodontitis with oral HPV infection was investigated in a sample of Hispanic adults. Methods: Data from the 2014–2016 San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study (n = 740) was analyzed. Periodontitis assessment and self-collection of oral HPV samples followed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey methodology. Periodontitis was defined using the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology definition. HPV typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: 5.7% of participants had oral HPV infection and 20.3% had severe periodontitis. Adults with severe periodontitis had higher odds of oral HPV infection than those with none/mild disease (OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.0–8.4, p < 0.05) in multivariable analysis. Adults with clinical attachment loss≥ 7 mm and pocket depth PD≥ 6 mm had 2- to 3-fold higher odds of HPV infection. Conclusions: Severe periodontitis was positively associated to oral HPV infection. Longitudinal evaluation of periodontal inflammation's role in acquisition and persistence of oral HPV infection is needed, as periodontitis screening could identify individuals at increased risk of HPV-related oral malignancies. Keywords: Periodontitis, Oral HPV, Hispanics, Adults, Oral health, Puerto Ric

Periodontitis and oral human papillomavirus infection among Hispanic adults.

IntroductionResearch on the association between periodontitis and oral human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is inconsistent. The cross-sectional association of severe periodontitis with oral HPV infection was investigated in a sample of Hispanic adults.MethodsData from the 2014-2016 San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study (n = 740) was analyzed. Periodontitis assessment and self-collection of oral HPV samples followed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey methodology. Periodontitis was defined using the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology definition. HPV typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results5.7% of participants had oral HPV infection and 20.3% had severe periodontitis. Adults with severe periodontitis had higher odds of oral HPV infection than those with none/mild disease (OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.0-8.4, p &lt; 0.05) in multivariable analysis. Adults with clinical attachment loss≥ 7 mm and pocket depth PD≥ 6 mm had 2- to 3-fold higher odds of HPV infection.ConclusionsSevere periodontitis was positively associated to oral HPV infection. Longitudinal evaluation of periodontal inflammation's role in acquisition and persistence of oral HPV infection is needed, as periodontitis screening could identify individuals at increased risk of HPV-related oral malignancies

SARS-CoV-2 y RT-PCR en pacientes asintomáticos: resultados de una cohorte de trabajadores del Aeropuerto Internacional El Dorado de Bogotá, 2020

Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has caused around 25 million cases worldwide. Asymptomatic patients have been described as potential sources of transmission. However, there are difficulties to detect them and to establish their role in the dynamics of virus transmission, which hinders the implementation of prevention strategies.Objective: To describe the behavior of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in a cohort of workers at the El Dorado “Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento” International Airport in Bogotá, Colombia.Materials and methods: A prospective cohort of 212 workers from the El Dorado airport was designed. The follow-up began in June, 2020. A survey was used to characterize health and work conditions. Every 21 day, a nasopharyngeal swab was taken to identify the presence of SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR. We analyzed the behavior of the cycle threshold (ORF1ab and N genes) according to the day of follow-up.Results: In the first three follow-ups of the cohort, we found an incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection of 16.51%. The proportion of positive contacts was 14.08%. The median threshold for cycle threshold was 33.53.Conclusion: We characterized the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of workers. The identification of asymptomatic infected persons continues to be a challenge for epidemiological surveillance systems.Introducción. La pandemia de COVID-19 ha ocasionado cerca de 25 millones de casos en el mundo. Se ha descrito que los pacientes asintomáticos pueden ser fuentes de transmisión. Sin embargo, es difícil detectarlos y no es claro su papel en la dinámica de transmisión del virus, lo que obstaculiza la implementación de estrategias para la prevención.Objetivo. Describir el comportamiento de la infección asintomática por SARS-CoV-2 en una cohorte de trabajadores del Aeropuerto Internacional El Dorado “Luis Carlos Galán Sarmiento” de Bogotá, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se diseñó una cohorte prospectiva de trabajadores del Aeropuerto El Dorado. El seguimiento se inició en junio de 2020 con una encuesta a cada trabajador para caracterizar sus condiciones de salud y trabajo. Cada 21 días se tomó una muestra de hisopado nasofaríngeo para detectar la presencia del SARS-CoV-2 mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR). Se analizó el comportamiento del umbral del ciclo (cycle threshold) de los genes ORF1ab y N según el día de seguimiento. Resultados. En los primeros tres seguimientos de la cohorte se encontró una incidencia de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 del 16,51 %. La proporción de contactos positivos fue del 14,08 %. La mediana del umbral del ciclo fue de 33,53.Conclusión. Se determinaron las características de la infección asintomática por el SARSCoV-2 en una cohorte de trabajadores. La detección de infectados asintomáticos sigue siendo un reto para los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica