Evolucion paleoambiental desde el Holoceno temprano hasta la actualidad del marjal de Almenara (Mediterráneo occidental)

The main aim of this study is to characterize the different stages in the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Almenara marsh, Spain, from the early Holocene to the present day. This marsh is one of the most important in Castellón province. Five cores extracted from the marsh underwent sedimentological analysis, micropalaeontological study (foraminifera, ostracods and gastropods) and 14C dating. The results show that before the maximum transgression of the Mediterranean during the Marine Isotope Stage 1 (5500 cal yr. BP dating in the Almenara marsh), the area was occupied by a brackish marsh (prior to the 8.2 ka event). During the middle Holocene, the regional sea level rise and later stability caused an oligohaline/freshwater marsh with fluctuating water levels to form. This marsh occupied the entire area of today’s Almenara marsh at least between 7570 and 2780 cal yr BP. The results may indicate a phase of greater contribution of groundwater inputs (and rainfall/riverine discharge) during the middle Holocene as a response to a climatic phase characterized by higher humidity. Today, the marsh is filled with sediments from natural and anthropic processes related to the agricultural activity carried out throughout the area (except for the central part, which has been reclaimed as wetland). The water of the present-day marsh (like that prior to 8.2 ka event) is brackish, as is indicated by the benthic foraminiferal assemblage; this contrasts with the earlier oligohaline/freshwater marsh determined in the survey cores during the middle Holocene until the time of the Iberian culture.El principal objetivo de este trabajo es la caracterización de los diferentes estadios en la evolución paleoambiental del marjal de Almenara (España) desde el Holoceno temprano hasta la actualidad. Este espacio húmedo es uno de los más importantes de la provincia de Castellón. Se han estudiado cinco testigos sedimentarios que han sido analizados desde el punto de vista sedimentológico, micropaleontológico (especialmente foraminíferos) y cronológico (14C). Los resultados muestran que antes del máximo de la transgresión en el Mediterráneo del Estadio Isotópico 1 (5500 cal yr. BP datado en el marjal de Almenara), el área estaba ocupada por una marjal salobre (antes del evento frío y seco del 8.2 ka). Tras la desecación de este ambiente (en el episodio 8.2 ka), durante el Holoceno medio, el incremento del nivel del mar y su posterior estabilidad determinó la instalación de un marjal oligohalino y/o dulceacuícola, en el cual se constatan fluctuaciones del nivel del agua. Este ambiente ocupó el área de estudio al menos entre 7570 and 2780 cal yr BP. Los resultados indican una contribución más importante del acuífero (de la lluvia y de la escorrentía superficial) durante el Holoceno tardío, que contrarrestó el ascenso eustático, como respuesta a una fase climática mucho más húmeda que la actual. Hoy, el marjal está colmatado por sedimentos procedentes de procesos naturales y antropogénicos, vinculados a las actividades agrícolas que se desarrollan desde hace siglos, excepto en la parte central que ha sido recuperada como zona húmeda. El marjal actual es salobre (igual que el registrado antes del episodio 8.2 ka), como corroboran las asociaciones de foraminíferos bentónicos, lo cual contrasta con las asociaciones fósiles que revelan un paleoambiente oligohalino y/o dulceacuícola durante el Holoceno medio hasta la época de la cultura ibérica

Empirical Mathematical Model of Microprocessor Sensitivity and Early Prediction to Proton and Neutron Radiation-Induced Soft Errors

A mathematical model is described to predict microprocessor fault tolerance under radiation. The model is empirically trained by combining data from simulated fault-injection campaigns and radiation experiments, both with protons (at the National Center of Accelerators (CNA) facilities, Seville, Spain) and neutrons [at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) Weapons Neutron Research Facility at Los Alamos, USA]. The sensitivity to soft errors of different blocks of commercial processors is identified to estimate the reliability of a set of programs that had previously been optimized, hardened, or both. The results showed a standard error under 0.1, in the case of the Advanced RISC Machines (ARM) processor, and 0.12, in the case of the MSP430 microcontroller.This work was supported in part by Spanish MINECO under Project ESP-2015-68245-C4-3-P and Project ESP-2015-68245-C4-4-P

Design of a case management model for people with chronic disease (Heart Failure and COPD). Phase I: modeling and identification of the main components of the intervention through their actors: patients and professionals (DELTA-ICE-PRO Study

Background Chronic diseases account for nearly 60% of deaths around the world. The extent of this silent epidemic has not met determined responses in governments, policies or professionals in order to transform old Health Care Systems, configured for acute diseases. There is a large list of research about alternative models for people with chronic conditions, many of them with an advanced practice nurse as a key provider, as case management. But some methodological concerns raise, above all, the design of the intervention (intensity, frequency, components, etc). Methods/Design Objectives: General: To develop the first and second phases (theorization and modeling) for designing a multifaceted case-management intervention in people with chronic conditions (COPD and heart failure) and their caregivers. Specific aims: 1) To identify key events in people living with chronic disease and their relation with the Health Care System, from their point of view. 2) To know the coping mechanisms developed by patients and their caregivers along the story with the disease. 3) To know the information processing and its utilization in their interactions with health care providers. 4) To detect potential unmet needs and the ways deployed by patients and their caregivers to resolve them. 5) To obtain a description from patients and caregivers, about their itineraries along the Health Care System, in terms of continuity, accessibility and comprehensiveness of care. 6) To build up a list of promising case-management interventions in patients with Heart Failure and COPD with this information in order to frame it into theoretical models for its reproducibility and conceptualization. 7) To undergo this list to expert judgment to assess its feasibility and pertinence in the Andalusian Health Care. Design: Qualitative research with two phases: For the first five objectives, a qualitative technique with biographic stories will be developed and, for the remaining objectives, an expert consensus through Delphi technique, on the possible interventions yielded from the first phase. The study will be developed in the provinces of Almería, Málaga and Granada in the Southern Spain, from patients included in the Andalusian Health Care Service database with the diagnosis of COPD or Heart Failure, with the collaboration of case manager nurses and general practitioners for the assessment of their suitability to inclusion criteria. Patients and caregivers will be interviewed in their homes or their Health Centers, with their family or their case manager nurse as mediator. Discussion First of a series of studies intended to design a case-management service for people with heart failure and COPD, in the Andalusian Health Care System, where case management has been implemented since 2002. Accordingly with the steps of a theoretical model for complex interventions, in this study, theorization and intervention modeling phases will be developed.This research was carried out with the support of one research grant, awarded by the Regional Health Ministry of Andalusia (Exp. 0222/2008

Design and validation of a tool to assess motor coordination in primary

La coordinación motriz es un proceso evolutivo complejo de adquisición progresiva. La edad óptima para la adquisición de esos procesos coordinativos es de 6 a 11 años (Educación Primaria). El objetivo del presente estudio es diseñar y validar un instrumento que permita evaluar el nivel de coordinación motriz del alumnado Método: Los sujetos son alumnado de Primaria en centros públicos. Muestreo por conveniencia, con una muestra total de 2512 sujetos. Instrumento: Test cualitativo de observación y evaluación objetiva de la ejecución de la habilidad desarrollada en 7 tareas. Resultados: La Consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach 0.827), estabilidad temporal (coeficiente correlación: 0.99) y concordancia inter-observadores (coeficiente correlación: 0.95). La validez se comprobó mediante la opinión intuitiva de expertos, siendo la opinión mayoritariamente favorable. Conclusión: El test 3JS es un instrumento fiable, válido y eficaz para medir el desarrollo de la coordinación motriz en el alumnado de 6 a 12 añosMotor coordination is a complex evolutionary process which is gradually acquired. The optimum age for the achievement of these coordination processes is between 6 and 11 years old (Primary Education). The aim of this study is to design and validate a tool which will allow assessing the motor coordination level of the students. Method: Subjects and Sample. Students from Primary Education public schools. ‘Convenience’ sampling, with a total of 2512 subjects. Tool: Qualitative observation test and objective evaluation of the implementation of the abilities developed in 7 tasks. Results: Reliability: Internal Consistency (Cronbach Alpha 0.827), test-retest reliability (correlation coefficient; 0.99) and inter-observer agreement (correlation coefficient; 0.95). Validity has been verified by the experts’ intuitive perception, issuing a largely favourable opinion. Conclusion: The 3JS test is a reliable, valid and effective tool for measuring the motor coordination development in students between 6 and 12 years ol

Cooperative Games and Coalition Cohesion Indices: The Choquet–Owen Value

In a cooperative game with transferable utility, it is usually assumed that all coalitions are equally feasible. However, if we deal with cooperative games with coalition configuration, only some coalitions are a priori feasible, due to the preferences of the agents. In this paper, we propose a generalization of games with coalition configuration. In our model, the feasibility of a coalition is determined by the cohesion of its members, and obviously, this cohesion does not have to be equal for all coalitions. The cohesion of each coalition will be determined by a cohesion index. We introduce the class of games with cohesion index and propose an allocation rule, which is characterized by using reasonable properties. The cohesion idea is not only a concept related to social groups. In software design, this concept explains the relationships among all the elements of a module. Our value can be applied in this way as we show in the paper

Interatomic Coulombic Decay following Photoionization of the Helium Dimer: Observation of Vibrational Structure

Using synchrotron radiation we simultaneously ionize and excite one helium atom of a helium dimer (He_2) in a shakeup process. The populated states of the dimer ion (i.e. He^[*+](n = 2; 3)-He) are found to deexcite via interatomic coulombic decay. This leads to the emission of a second electron from the neutral site and a subsequent coulomb explosion. In this letter we present a measurement of the momenta of fragments that are created during this reaction. The electron energy distribution and the kinetic energy release of the two He^+ ions show pronounced oscillations which we attribute to the structure of the vibrational wave function of the dimer ion.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

On the applications of IBA techniques to biological samples analysis: PIXE and RBS

The analyticaltechniques based on ion beamsorIBA techniquesgive quantitativeinformationonelemental concentrationin samples of awide variety of nature. In this work, weinformation on elemental concentrationin samples of awide variety of nature. In this work, weinformation on elemental concentrationin samples of awide variety of nature. In this work, weinformation on elemental concentrationin samples of awide variety of nature. In this work, wefocus on PIXE technique,analyzingthick target biologicalspecimens (TTPIXE),using 3MeVfocus on PIXE technique,analyzingthick target biologicalspecimens (TTPIXE),using 3MeVfocus on PIXE technique,analyzingthick target biologicalspecimens (TTPIXE),using 3MeVfocus on PIXE technique,analyzingthick target biologicalspecimens (TTPIXE),using 3MeVprotons producedby an electrostaticaccelerator.Anuclear microprobewas used performingprotons producedby an electrostaticaccelerator.Anuclear microprobewas used performingprotons producedby an electrostaticaccelerator.Anuclear microprobewas used performingprotons producedby an electrostaticaccelerator.Anuclear microprobewas used performingPIXEandRBSsimultaneously,inordertosolvetheuncertaintiesproducedintheabsolutePIXEPIXEandRBSsimultaneously,inordertosolvetheuncertaintiesproducedintheabsolutePIXEPIXEandRBSsimultaneously,inordertosolvetheuncertaintiesproducedintheabsolutePIXEPIXEandRBSsimultaneously,inordertosolvetheuncertaintiesproducedintheabsolutePIXEquantifying. Theadvantages of using both techniquesand anuclear microprobearediscussed.quantifying.Theadvantages of using both techniquesand anuclear microprobearediscussed.quantifying.Theadvantages of using both techniquesand anuclear microprobearediscussed.quantifying.Theadvantages of using both techniquesand anuclear microprobearediscussed.Quantitative resultsare shown to illustrate themultielemental resolutionof the PIXE technique;Quantitativeresults are shown to illustrate themultielemental resolutionof the PIXE technique;Quantitativeresults are shown to illustrate themultielemental resolutionof the PIXE technique;Quantitativeresults are shown to illustrate themultielemental resolutionof the PIXE technique;forthis,abloodstandardwasused.forthis,abloodstandardwasused.forthis,abloodstandardwasused.forthis,abloodstandardwasused

Multiplicadores domésticos “SAMEA” en un modelo multisectorial económico y ambiental de España

[EN] This paper aims to show the utility of the Social Accounting Matrix and Environmental Accounts (SAMEA). The article begins with the elaboration of the SAMEA for Spain in 2000, applied to water resources and to greenhouses gas emissions. The estimation has been made with official data of INE, integrating the environmental physical information, proceeding from the Accounts of the Water Resource and the Emissions to the Atmosphere, with the monetary information published by the National Accounting. This matrix is used as the central core of a multisectorial model of the economic and environmental performance, from which the "domestic SAMEA multipliers" are calculated. These multipliers show the impacts of different production activities on the economy and environment.[ES] En este trabajo se realiza una aplicación de los denominados sistemas híbridos, donde se integra información de distinta naturaleza (en este caso, económica, social y medioambiental Para ello se elabora una matriz de contabilidad social y medioambiental (SAMEA) de España para el año 2000, aplicada al recurso agua y las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero, estimada a partir de datos oficiales del INE. Este sistema se utiliza como pieza central de un modelo multisectorial del funcionamiento económico y medioambiental y se calculan los “multiplicadores domésticos SAMEA”. Estos multiplicadores muestran los efectos de las diferentes actividades en la producción total de la economía y en el deterioro medioambiental.Los autores agradecen la financiación recibida para este trabajo del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Así como el interés mostrado y la intensa colaboración prestada por Antonio Martínez, Alfredo Cristóbal, Félix Alonso y Luisa Bailón del Instituto Nacional de Estadística, así como a Emilio Fontela y Antonio Pulido del Instituto Klein. Los autores somos los únicos responsables de los posibles errores que contenga este artículo.Morilla, CR.; Cardenete, MA.; Llanes, G. (2011). Domestic multipliers “SAMEA” and the multisectorial economic and environmental performance in Spain. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 9(1):111-135. https://doi.org/10.7201/earn.2009.01.06SWORD1111359

Radiation Testing of a Multiprocessor Macrosynchronized Lockstep Architecture With FreeRTOS

Nowadays, high-performance microprocessors are demanded in many fields, including those with high-reliability requirements. Commercial microprocessors present a good tradeoff between cost, size, and performance, albeit they must be adapted to satisfy the reliability requirements when they are used in harsh environments. This work presents a high-end multiprocessor hardened with macrosynchronized lockstep and additional protections. A commercial dual-core Advanced RISC Machine (ARM) cortex A9 has been used as a case study and a complete hardened system has been developed. Evaluation of the proposed hardened system has been accomplished with exhaustive fault injection campaigns and proton irradiation. The hardening approach has been accomplished for both baremetal applications and operating system (OS)-based. The hardened system has demonstrated high reliability in all performed experiments with error coverage up to 99.3% in the irradiation experiments. Experimental irradiation results demonstrate a cross-sectional reduction of two orders of magnitude.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Project PID2019-106455GB-C21 and in part by the Community of Madrid under Project 49.520608.9.18Publicad

Improvement of the efficiency in the water and nitrogen application in cotton cultivation.

Desde el Centro Rancho de la Merced del Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de Producción Ecológica, se trabaja en una nueva estrategia para la mejora de la sostenibilidad de los cultivos de regadío . Se ha realizado una investigación exploratoria entre agricultores de algodón, analizando las prácticas de riego y abonado en 15 parcelas comerciales del sector B‐XII del Bajo Guadalquivir y centrada fundamentalmente en el uso del agua y del abonado nitrogenado en cada una de ellas y su comparación con los estándares en la bibliografía. Dicho estudio se realizó en la campaña de 2022 dónde las circunstancias de restricciones de agua por la sequía forzaron un amplio abanico de estrategias por parte del agricultor a la hora del uso de insumos (agua, nitrógeno). Las parcelas fueron también controladas en su evolución con los valores de NDVI obtenidos desde las imágenes satelitales. Partiendo de situaciones muy homogéneas en cuanto a clima y edafología de las explotaciones, existen otros factores como el momento de la aplicación de los insumos, las técnicas, la frecuencia, entre otros, que tienen una gran incidencia en las producciones finales obtenidas. Los resultados del trabajo arrojan una amplia información sobre el potencial de productividad del agua de riego y del abonado nitrogenado. En general, se obtuvo una alta correlación entre los niveles de rentabilidad de las parcelas con la productividad del riego y los fertilizantes, mostrando diferentes estrategias relacionados con el cuándo y cómo se aplican en cualquier situación y especialmente en las de escasez de recursos, proporcionando un incremento de la productividad y una disminución del impacto de la agricultura en el medio