Treinamento de potência no rugby masculino : uma revisão de literatura

O Rugby é um esporte coletivo, de invasão, com intensas corridas e embates físicos, de alta complexidade fisiológica, com necessidade de alto desenvolvimento físico. Mesmo com tantas capacidades biomotoras a serem trabalhadas o estudo se refere mais ao assunto sobre potência, por causa da exigência tanto individual quanto coletiva. O presente estudo tem por objetivo fazer uma revisão narrativa sobre o conceito de potência, seus tipos de treino e sua aplicabilidade em esportes coletivos, enfatizando prioritariamente sua aplicação nos Rugbys Union e Sevens, modalidades com maior número de equipes no país (CBRu). Por ser um esporte novo no estado de caráter amador, mas com grandes evoluções ao longo dos últimos 10 anos, é importante conhecer e salientar os caminhos que já foram traçados para chegar ao sucesso do esporte, havendo assim melhora na qualidade dos trabalhos desenvolvidos nos clubes, estados e país. As pesquisas sobre a modalidade no Brasil hoje é escassa, então o estudo serve também para embasar futuras pesquisas na área e suas aplicabilidades. Serão utilizadas as bases de dados do SCOPUS, do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES e do ISI Web of Science, com as palavras chaves em inglês e português power, training, Rugby, força, potência, sprint, velocidade, bem como suas combinações. Para a construção desse trabalho foram encontradas 304 referências, classificadas em três grupos de acordo com a sua proximidade com o tema a ser desenvolvido no presente estudo: Grupo 1, tratam diretamente do tema de potência aplicada ao Rugby; Grupo 2, tratam do tema de potência aplicada ao Rugby de maneira mais genérica; Grupo 3, não são relacionados ao tema de potência aplicada ao Rugby. Os atletas são subdivididos em Fowards e Backs, nessa revisão narrativa, descrevendo o perfil dos atletas eles se encontram na faixa etária dos 20 aos 30 anos de idade; pesam de 85kg a ate 112 kg, dependendo da posição em que jogam; e a média de altura variou entre 177 cm a 187 cm. Foi constatado por vários pesquisadores que geralmente os Fowards são mais fortes enquanto os Backs são mais rápidos. Há algumas formas de desenvolver potência, como HIIT, pliometria, sprints e levantamento olímpico. Uma boa forma de desenvolver a habilidades e melhorar performance é realizando mini jogos específicos, difícil de mensurar mas possível e ainda consegue desenvolver o físico e o tático em conjunto (GAMBLE, 2004). Importante priorizar o tempo de treino na academia e no campo, o desenvolvimento da potência não pode ser visto como substituição para os sprints repetidos e de velocidade total por exemplo. Constatou-se que a boa capacidade aeróbica auxilia na melhora das demais capacidades. A potência é o mecanismo chave para o sucesso, e que a aceleração surge como resolução para um bom desempenho tanto individual quanto coletivo dentro do esporte Rugby sendo ele Union ou Sevens.Rugby is a collective, invasive sport, with intense races and physical attacks, of high physiological complexity, in need of high physical development. Even with so many biomotor skills to be worked, the study refers more to the subject of power because of both individual and collective requirements. The purpose of this study is to provide a narrative review of the power concept, its types of training and its applicability in collective sports, with emphasis on its application in the Rugby Union and Sevens, modalities with the largest number of teams in the country (CBRu). As a new sport in the state of amateur character, but with great evolutions over the last 10 years, it is important to know and highlight the paths that have already been drawn to reach the success of the sport, thus improving the quality of the work developed in the clubs , states and country. Research on modality in Brazil today is scarce, so the study also serves as a basis for future research in the field and its applicability. The databases of SCOPUS, CAPES Journal Portal and ISI Web of Science will be used, with the key words in English and Portuguese power, training, Rugby, strength, power, sprint, speed, as well as their combinations. For the construction of this work 304 references were found, classified in three groups according to their proximity to the theme to be developed in the present study: Group 1, deal directly with the theme of power applied to Rugby; Group 2, deal with the power theme applied to Rugby more generally; Group 3, are not related to the theme of power applied to Rugby The athletes are subdivided into Fowards and Backs, in this narrative review, describing the profile of the athletes they are in the 20-30 age group; weigh from 85kg to 112kg, depending on the position they play; and the mean height ranged from 177 cm to 187 cm. It has been found by many researchers that Fowards are generally stronger while Backs are faster. There are some ways to develop power, such as HIIT, plyometrics, sprints and Olympic lifting. A good way to develop skills and improve performance is by performing specific mini-games, difficult to measure but possible, and can still develop the physical and tactical together (GAMBLE, 2004). Important to prioritize training time in the gym and in the field, power development can not be seen as replacement for repeated and full speed sprints for example. It was verified that the good aerobic capacity helps in the improvement of the other capacities. Power is the key mechanism for success, and that acceleration comes as resolution for a good performance both individual and collective within the Rugby sport being Union or Sevens

Analyzing and Modeling Real-World Phenomena with Complex Networks: A Survey of Applications

The success of new scientific areas can be assessed by their potential for contributing to new theoretical approaches and in applications to real-world problems. Complex networks have fared extremely well in both of these aspects, with their sound theoretical basis developed over the years and with a variety of applications. In this survey, we analyze the applications of complex networks to real-world problems and data, with emphasis in representation, analysis and modeling, after an introduction to the main concepts and models. A diversity of phenomena are surveyed, which may be classified into no less than 22 areas, providing a clear indication of the impact of the field of complex networks.Comment: 103 pages, 3 figures and 7 tables. A working manuscript, suggestions are welcome

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Treinamento de potência no rugby masculino : uma revisão de literatura

O Rugby é um esporte coletivo, de invasão, com intensas corridas e embates físicos, de alta complexidade fisiológica, com necessidade de alto desenvolvimento físico. Mesmo com tantas capacidades biomotoras a serem trabalhadas o estudo se refere mais ao assunto sobre potência, por causa da exigência tanto individual quanto coletiva. O presente estudo tem por objetivo fazer uma revisão narrativa sobre o conceito de potência, seus tipos de treino e sua aplicabilidade em esportes coletivos, enfatizando prioritariamente sua aplicação nos Rugbys Union e Sevens, modalidades com maior número de equipes no país (CBRu). Por ser um esporte novo no estado de caráter amador, mas com grandes evoluções ao longo dos últimos 10 anos, é importante conhecer e salientar os caminhos que já foram traçados para chegar ao sucesso do esporte, havendo assim melhora na qualidade dos trabalhos desenvolvidos nos clubes, estados e país. As pesquisas sobre a modalidade no Brasil hoje é escassa, então o estudo serve também para embasar futuras pesquisas na área e suas aplicabilidades. Serão utilizadas as bases de dados do SCOPUS, do Portal de Periódicos da CAPES e do ISI Web of Science, com as palavras chaves em inglês e português power, training, Rugby, força, potência, sprint, velocidade, bem como suas combinações. Para a construção desse trabalho foram encontradas 304 referências, classificadas em três grupos de acordo com a sua proximidade com o tema a ser desenvolvido no presente estudo: Grupo 1, tratam diretamente do tema de potência aplicada ao Rugby; Grupo 2, tratam do tema de potência aplicada ao Rugby de maneira mais genérica; Grupo 3, não são relacionados ao tema de potência aplicada ao Rugby. Os atletas são subdivididos em Fowards e Backs, nessa revisão narrativa, descrevendo o perfil dos atletas eles se encontram na faixa etária dos 20 aos 30 anos de idade; pesam de 85kg a ate 112 kg, dependendo da posição em que jogam; e a média de altura variou entre 177 cm a 187 cm. Foi constatado por vários pesquisadores que geralmente os Fowards são mais fortes enquanto os Backs são mais rápidos. Há algumas formas de desenvolver potência, como HIIT, pliometria, sprints e levantamento olímpico. Uma boa forma de desenvolver a habilidades e melhorar performance é realizando mini jogos específicos, difícil de mensurar mas possível e ainda consegue desenvolver o físico e o tático em conjunto (GAMBLE, 2004). Importante priorizar o tempo de treino na academia e no campo, o desenvolvimento da potência não pode ser visto como substituição para os sprints repetidos e de velocidade total por exemplo. Constatou-se que a boa capacidade aeróbica auxilia na melhora das demais capacidades. A potência é o mecanismo chave para o sucesso, e que a aceleração surge como resolução para um bom desempenho tanto individual quanto coletivo dentro do esporte Rugby sendo ele Union ou Sevens.Rugby is a collective, invasive sport, with intense races and physical attacks, of high physiological complexity, in need of high physical development. Even with so many biomotor skills to be worked, the study refers more to the subject of power because of both individual and collective requirements. The purpose of this study is to provide a narrative review of the power concept, its types of training and its applicability in collective sports, with emphasis on its application in the Rugby Union and Sevens, modalities with the largest number of teams in the country (CBRu). As a new sport in the state of amateur character, but with great evolutions over the last 10 years, it is important to know and highlight the paths that have already been drawn to reach the success of the sport, thus improving the quality of the work developed in the clubs , states and country. Research on modality in Brazil today is scarce, so the study also serves as a basis for future research in the field and its applicability. The databases of SCOPUS, CAPES Journal Portal and ISI Web of Science will be used, with the key words in English and Portuguese power, training, Rugby, strength, power, sprint, speed, as well as their combinations. For the construction of this work 304 references were found, classified in three groups according to their proximity to the theme to be developed in the present study: Group 1, deal directly with the theme of power applied to Rugby; Group 2, deal with the power theme applied to Rugby more generally; Group 3, are not related to the theme of power applied to Rugby The athletes are subdivided into Fowards and Backs, in this narrative review, describing the profile of the athletes they are in the 20-30 age group; weigh from 85kg to 112kg, depending on the position they play; and the mean height ranged from 177 cm to 187 cm. It has been found by many researchers that Fowards are generally stronger while Backs are faster. There are some ways to develop power, such as HIIT, plyometrics, sprints and Olympic lifting. A good way to develop skills and improve performance is by performing specific mini-games, difficult to measure but possible, and can still develop the physical and tactical together (GAMBLE, 2004). Important to prioritize training time in the gym and in the field, power development can not be seen as replacement for repeated and full speed sprints for example. It was verified that the good aerobic capacity helps in the improvement of the other capacities. Power is the key mechanism for success, and that acceleration comes as resolution for a good performance both individual and collective within the Rugby sport being Union or Sevens