Active management of third stage of labour with low doses of oral misoprostol and oxytocin on low: risk parturient in a Sub-Saharan hospital, Dakar, Sénégal

Background: Assess the effectiveness of oral misoprostol as an alternative to oxytocin in the active management of the third stage of labour in Dakar/Senegal.Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in the maternity ward of a university hospital on 304 women who had vaginal delivery. These women were randomly assigned into 2 groups based on active delivery conditions: the first group received an oral administration of misoprostol (400 mcg) and the second group 5 IU oxytocin through intravenous route.Results: The average volume of blood loss was 196.55 ml in the misoprostol group and 208.39 ml in the oxytocin group (p=0.63). The incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (>500 cc) was 6.49% in the misoprostol group and 9.33% in the oxytocin group (p=0.358). The average rate of haemo globin decline was 0.38 g/dl in the misoprostol group and 0.29 g/dl in the oxytocin group (p=0.99). The proportion of hyperthermia, shivering, and nausea in the misoprostol and oxytocin groups were respectively: 2.59% against 0.6% (p=0.123), 7.14% against 2% (p=0.001) and 2.59% against 0.6% (p=0.498).Conclusions: In Senegal, Misoprostol despite its side effects, is an effective alternative to oxytocin in the active management of the third stage of labour for low-risk parturient women to reduce the risk of maternal deaths due to post-partum hemorrhage

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe

Jane F. Gardner, Family and Familia in Roman Law and Life

Moreau Philippe. Jane F. Gardner, Family and Familia in Roman Law and Life. In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 56ᵉ année, N. 2, 2001. pp. 386-388

M. Bettini, Antropologia e cultura romana. Parentela, tempo, immagini dell'anima

Moreau Philippe. M. Bettini, Antropologia e cultura romana. Parentela, tempo, immagini dell'anima. In: L'Homme, 1988, tome 28 n°106-107. Le mythe et ses métamorphoses. pp. 318-319

À propos de la communication de J. A. North

Moreau Philippe. À propos de la communication de J. A. North . In: Parenté et stratégies familiales dans l'Antiquité romaine. Actes de la table ronde des 2-4 octobre 1986 (Paris, Maison des sciences de l'homme) Rome : École Française de Rome, 1990. p. 646. (Publications de l'École française de Rome, 129

Leighton D. Reynolds et Nigel D. Wilson, D'Homère à Érasme. La transmission des classiques grecs et latins, nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée par C. Bertrand, et mise à jour par P. Petitmengin

Moreau Philippe. Leighton D. Reynolds et Nigel D. Wilson, D'Homère à Érasme. La transmission des classiques grecs et latins, nouvelle édition, revue et augmentée par C. Bertrand, et mise à jour par P. Petitmengin. In: Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations. 40ᵉ année, N. 2, 1985. pp. 424-426

Ronald Syme, Salluste

Moreau Philippe. Ronald Syme, Salluste . In: Annales. Economies, sociétés, civilisations. 42ᵉ année, N. 2, 1987. pp. 329-331

Marcella Balestri Fumagalli, Riflessioni sulla ‘ Lex Voconia’, 2008

Moreau Phillipe. Marcella Balestri Fumagalli, Riflessioni sulla ‘ Lex Voconia’, 2008. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 78, 2009. pp. 605-606

Kirby (John T.). The Rhetoric of Cicero's Pro Cluentio

Moreau Philippe. Kirby (John T.). The Rhetoric of Cicero's Pro Cluentio. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 70, fasc. 1, 1992. Antiquité — Oudheid. pp. 219-221