Consumption of cows' milk is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study

The aim of this prospective, adult population-based study was to analyse the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to the intake of cows' milk and the prevalence of anti-beta-lactoglobulin (anti-β-LG) antibodies. Measurements were made of weight, height, levels of anti-islet antibodies, anti-β-LG antibodies and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in all the participants. The likelihood of having positive anti-β-LG antibodies was higher in subjects who consumed milk more frequently. Subjects who consumed milk less than once per day were more likely to have type 2 diabetes than those who consumed milk more than once per day. The levels of TNF-α were significantly higher in individuals with positive anti-β-LG antibodies and in those who consumed milk more often. The prevalence of anti-β-LG antibodies was associated with the intake of milk and with the TNF-α levels, but not with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.This study was supported by the CIBER in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (Instituto de Salud Carlos III); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (JCI-2010-08372) and Consejería Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa (P09-CTS-5125)

Novel SFRP2 DNA Methylation Profile Following Neoadjuvant Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Different Grades of BMI

The relationship between body weight and different cancers is now well-recognized and among such cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is reported most frequently. Our group recently published findings, through an epigenome-wide association study, suggesting that body mass index (BMI) could act as a relevant risk factor in the CRC. In addition, aberrant SFRP2 methylation is one of the major mechanisms for Wnt signaling activation in CRC. Conversely, neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy appears to alter the rectal cancer epigenome. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity, measured by BMI, on the methylation of SFRP2 in tumor samples of patients with CRC. Non-treated CRC patients and CRC patients treated with pre-operative neoadjuvant therapy from 2011 to 2013 were included and classified by BMI 25.0 kg/m2. SFRP2 DNA methylation in tumor samples was measured by pyrosequencing. Our findings suggest a possible interaction between SFRP2 methylation levels and BMI in CRC tumor samples. The correlation of SFRP2 hypomethylation with an elevated BMI was stronger within the non-treated CRC patient group than within the treated CRC patient group. We have successfully demonstrated that the beneficial association of tumor SFRP2 hypomethylation is dependent on patient BMI in non-treated CRC, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor role for SFRP2 in overweight and obese patients. Additional studies of clinical pathologies would be necessary to strengthen these preliminary resultsThis study was supported by “Centros de Investigación En Red” (CIBER, CB06/03/0018) of the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII) and a grant from ISCIII (PI8/01399) and it was co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). M.M.G. was the recipient of the Nicolas Monardes Program from the “Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía”, Spain (RC-0001-2018 and C-0029-2014). S.M. was the recipient of the Nicolas Monardes Program from the “Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía”, Spain (C-0050-2017). A.B.C. was funded by a research contract “Miguel Servet” (CP17/00088) from the ISCIII. A.C.-M. was recipient of an FPU grant from Education Ministry, Madrid, SpainS

Insulin Requirement for Gestational Diabetes Control Is Related to Higher Vitamin D Levels up to 1 Year Postpartum: A Prospective Cohort Study

Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in pregnant women and has been related to a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study is to analyze vitamin D status evolution in a population of pregnant women with and without GDM. Two-hundred women were included from January 2019 to February 2022 as follows: Control group -CG-, Lifestyle group -LG- (GDM not requiring insulin), and Insulin group -IG- (GDM requiring insulin). Visits were carried out at baseline, antenatal, postpartum, and 1 year after birth. Vitamin D levels, weight, and insulin resistance were measured at every visit. Data about the season, vitamin D supplementation, Mediterranean diet adherence, and physical activity were included. In the three groups, 134 women were included in the CG, 43 in the LG, and 23 in the IG. Vitamin D levels were similar among the groups at baseline, but they were significantly higher in the LG and IG in comparison with the CG at the antenatal visit and significantly higher in the IG vs. CG and LG at the postpartum and 1 year after birth visits. Vitamin D levels were independently related to vitamin D supplementation and the season at baseline, to the season and belonging to the LG or IG at the antenatal visit, and were only independently associated with belonging to the IG at postpartum and 1 year after birth visits. In conclusion, in our population, women with GDM requiring insulin had higher levels of vitamin D in comparison with those not requiring insulin and healthy controls at postpartum and 1 year after pregnancy. Requiring insulin during pregnancy seems to be a factor that independently determines the levels of vitamin D until 1 year after birth. More studies are required to reproduce these data in other populations and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these findings.This study was supported by the Juan Rodés program (JR20-00040 to MM-V) and by Miguel Servet Type I program (CP20/00066 to CG-R) from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III”. It was also supported by Nicolas Monardes Program from “Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía”, Spain (RC-0008-2021 to SM). In addition, this study was supported by the “Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red” (CIBER) of the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) (CB06/03/0018) and research grants from the ISCIII (PI18/01175 and PI21/01864). Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Epigenetic changes in the metabolically healthy obese: A case-control versus a prospective study

Obesity has become a worldwide health problem, in which latest statistics reported an increased trend over the last years. Accordingly, long-term obesity is involved in an increased risk of developing several metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Although it is common to find obesity-related disorders in the majority of individuals with obesity, some of them do not show metabolic complications.1 Obese people without these metabolic disorders are defined as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) individuals, whereas those who present metabolic complications are known as metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) subjects.2 Importantly, the prevalence of this healthy phenotype varies widely, in which a correct diagnosis is critical for a good prognosis.2, 3 Nevertheless, the variability of this prevalence may be due to the nature of related-study designs and the studied populations or the confounding variables considered. Therefore, conducting appropriately designed studies to evaluate important clinical research questions is crucial, to elucidate the impact of MHO in the progression of detrimental obesity-related phenotypes.4 In this case, epigenetic arises as a valuable tool for clinical applications. Epigenetic mechanisms might be implicated in the regulation of several metabolic disorders.5 However, until now, only a few studies have been conducted to understand the epigenetic changes in individuals with MHO and MUO.6-8 Therefore, we hypothesized that epigenetic changes may be involved in the development and the transition from MHO to MUO phenotype. Consequently, the aim of this study was to analyze the epigenome-wide DNA methylation study in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) from participants with MHO and MUO, by using two study designs, such as case-control and prospective approaches.TMLP and CGR were supported by a grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI19/00178 and CP20/00066, respectively). HB is supported by a predoctoral fellowship ("Plan Propio IBIMA 2020 A.1 Contratos predoctorales", Ref.: predoc20_002). SM, MMG and GRM are supported by Nicolas Monardes program from the Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (RC-0008-2021, RC-0001-2018 and C-0060-2012, respectively). EAL was recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from regional Andalusian Government (Ref: 2020_DOC_00541). This work was supported in part by a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI15-01350). This study has been co-funded by FEDER funds (“A way to make Europe”). CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) are ISCIII. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Common Variants of the Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Gene Influence the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Population

SummaryThe main objective was to evaluate the association between SNPs and haplotypes of the FABP1-4 genes and type 2 diabetes, as well as its interaction with fat intake, in one general Spanish population. The association was replicated in a second population in which HOMA index was also evaluated.Methods1217 unrelated individuals were selected from a population-based study [Hortega study: 605 women; mean age 54 y; 7.8% with type 2 diabetes]. The replication population included 805 subjects from Segovia, a neighboring region of Spain (446 females; mean age 52 y; 10.3% with type 2 diabetes). DM2 mellitus was defined in a similar way in both studies. Fifteen SNPs previously associated with metabolic traits or with potential influence in the gene expression within the FABP1-4 genes were genotyped with SNPlex and tested. Age, sex and BMI were used as covariates in the logistic regression model.ResultsOne polymorphism (rs2197076) and two haplotypes of the FABP-1 showed a strong association with the risk of DM2 in the original population. This association was further confirmed in the second population as well as in the pooled sample. None of the other analyzed variants in FABP2, FABP3 and FABP4 genes were associated. There was not a formal interaction between rs2197076 and fat intake. A significant association between the rs2197076 and the haplotypes of the FABP1 and HOMA-IR was also present in the replication population.ConclusionsThe study supports the role of common variants of the FABP-1 gene in the development of type 2 diabetes in Caucasians

Common variants of the liver fatty acid binding protein gene influence the risk of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in Spanish population

Summary: The main objective was to evaluate the association between SNPs and haplotypes of the FABP1-4 genes and type 2 diabetes, as well as its interaction with fat intake, in one general Spanish population. The association was replicated in a second population in which HOMA index was also evaluated. Methods: 1217 unrelated individuals were selected from a population-based study [Hortega study: 605 women; mean age 54 y; 7.8% with type 2 diabetes]. The replication population included 805 subjects from Segovia, a neighboring region of Spain (446 females; mean age 52 y; 10.3% with type 2 diabetes). DM2 mellitus was defined in a similar way in both studies. Fifteen SNPs previously associated with metabolic traits or with potential influence in the gene expression within the FABP1- 4 genes were genotyped with SNPlex and tested. Age, sex and BMI were used as covariates in the logistic regression model. Results:One polymorphism (rs2197076) and two haplotypes of the FABP-1 showed a strong association with the risk of DM2 in the original population. This association was further confirmed in the second population as well as in the pooled sample. None of the other analyzed variants in FABP2, FABP3 and FABP4 genes were associated. There was not a formal interaction between rs2197076 and fat intake. A significant association between the rs2197076 and the haplotypes of the FABP1 and HOMA-IR was also present in the replication population. Conclusions: The study supports the role of common variants of the FABP-1 gene in the development of type 2 diabetes in Caucasians

The nutrigenetic influence of the interaction between dietary vitamin E and TXN and COMT gene polymorphisms on waist circumference: a case control study

Background: Abdominal obesity (AO) is a common modifiable risk factor for certain non-communicable diseases associated with enhanced oxidative stress (OS). The objective of this work was to investigate whether the interaction between antioxidant vitamin intake and OS-related polymorphisms modulates gene-associated anthropometry in a Spanish population. Methods: A total of 246 subjects with AO, and 492 age and gender matched non-AO subjects were included in the study. Anthropometric, biochemical, and OS parameters, and antioxidant dietary intake data were assessed using validated procedures. DNA from white blood cells was isolated and the genotype of seven polymorphisms from genes involved in OS (pro-oxidant and antioxidant) were analyzed using the SNPlex system. The effects of the c.-793T > C polymorphism on promoter activity and thus thioredoxin (TXN) activity were examined using reporter assays. Results: The AO group had higher 8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine levels and took in less vitamin A and vitamin E compared to the non-AO group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the rs2301241 polymorphism in TXN and rs740603 in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) were associated with waist circumference (WC) and AO. Moreover, these polymorphisms were more strongly associated with variations in WC in subjects with low vitamin E intakes. A promoter assay revealed that the T to C conversion at c.-793 (rs2301241) induced a more than two fold increase in reporter gene expression. Conclusions: WC is associated both with dietary vitamin E intake and genetic variants of TXN and COMT suggesting that existence of a complex nutrigenetic pathway that involves regulation of AO

Genome-Wide Association Study of the Modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index Identifies BCL2 and FAM19A2 as Novel Insulin Sensitivity Loci

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have found few common variants that influence fasting measures of insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a GWAS of an integrated assessment of fasting and dynamic measures of insulin sensitivity would detect novel common variants. We performed a GWAS of the modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) within the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits Consortium. Discovery for genetic association was performed in 16,753 individuals, and replication was attempted for the 23 most significant novel loci in 13,354 independent individuals. Association with ISI was tested in models adjusted for age, sex, and BMI and in a model analyzing the combined influence of the genotype effect adjusted for BMI and the interaction effect between the genotype and BMI on ISI (model 3). In model 3, three variants reached genome-wide significance: Rs13422522 (NYAP2; P = 8.87 × 10-11), rs12454712 (BCL2; P = 2.7 × 10-8), and rs10506418 (FAM19A2; P = 1.9 × 10-8). The association at NYAP2 was eliminated by conditioning on the known IRS1 insulin sensitivity locus; the BCL2 and FAM19A2 associations were independent of known cardiometabolic loci. In conclusion, we identified two novel loci and replicated known variants associated with insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to clarify the causal variant and function at the BCL2 and FAM19A2 loci

Association between the APOA2 rs3813627 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and HDL and APOA1 Levels Through BMI

Background: The interaction between obesity and genetic traits on high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels has been extensively studied. The variance of serum HDL has a strong genetic heritability, although the studied variant only explains a small part of this variation. The goal of this study was to investigate the associations between the apolipoprotein type 2 (APOA2) rs3813627 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and anthropometric and biochemical variables, though body mass index (BMI). Methods: This study included 153 subjects (91 overweight/obese (BMI³25 kg/m2) and 62 non-obese individuals (BMI < 25 kg/m2)). The APOA2 rs3813627 SNP was selected and genotyped. Genotype analysis was performed to analyze the associations between APOA2 SNPs and anthropometric and biochemical variables through BMI. Results: The APOA2 rs3813627 TT genotype was associated with low HDL levels in comparison with the APOA2 rs3813627 GG and GT genotype in overweight/obese individuals, but not in the non-obese subjects (p < 0.05). The same trend was observed in the apolipoprotein type 1 (APOA1) protein levels (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between HDL and APOA1 levels and APOA2 rs3813627 SNP under recessive model (p < 0.05). The odds ratio for low HDL levels was 3.76 and 3.94 for low APOA1 levels. The mediation analysis of APOA2 rs3813627 SNP through BMI showed a full mediation on HDL and partial mediation on APOA1 levels (p < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis showed that rs3813627 lies in the APOA2 promoter and overlaps motifs for several bound transcription factors. Conclusion: On the basis of these data, the APOA2 rs3813627 SNP is associated with low HDL and APOA1 levels susceptibility, and this effect was mediated by an increased BMI.This study was supported by the “Centros de Investigación En Red” (CIBER, CB06/03/0018) of the “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (ISCIII) and grants from ISCIII (PI18/01399; PI15/01350), grants from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2010-20203) and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). MMG was the recipient of the Nicolas Monardes Programme from the “Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucia”, Spain (RC-0001-2018 and C-0029-2023). PHA is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship (Juan de la Cierva-Formación, FJCI-2017-32205). S.M. was the recipient of the Nicolas Monardes Program from the “Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía”, Spain (C-0050-2017).Ye