Retention of a resin-based sealant and a glass ionomer used as a fissure sealant in children with special needs

Objectives: The aim of this research is to evaluate the retention of sealants of resin and resin-modified ionomeric glass pits and fissures, on first permanent molars of special patients. Material and Methods: The sample was comprised by 32 children. The ages were between 7 and 18 years. The sealing procedure was made with the relative isolation of the molars to be sealed, through the use of cotton rolls. Two molars were sealed with Clinpro Sealant 3M Dental and the others with Vitremer. Checking of the sealants was made after 3 and 6 months of their placement, evaluating with 3 values: TR: Totally Restrained; PR: Partially Restrained; and CL: Completely Lost. Results: 67.18% of the resinous sealants, and 70.31% of the glass ionomer sealants were successful after three months. After six months, 57.81% of the resin-based sealants and 51.56% of the glass ionomer sealants were successful. When performing the Chi-square statistical analysis ( P <0.05) no statistical significance was observed after 6 months. Conclusions: The retention of the resin sealant was similar to that of the glass ionomer cement at the end of six months and the retention of sealants on maxillary teeth was higher than on mandibular teeth

Dental Treatment of Marfan Syndrome. With regard to a case.

Marfan syndrome is the most common dominant autosomic genetic disorder of the connective tissue. It has a reported incidence of 1 per each 5000 individuals without any distinction of gender or ethnicity. This pathology?s diagnosis is mainly based on physical characteristics, presenting three main different symptomatic charts: neonatal Marfan, infant Marfan and classical Marfan. The mayor characteristic of these patients consists of an exaggerated length of the upper and lower limbs, hyperlaxity, scoliosis, alterations in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems and atypical bone overgrowth. The individual implied in the present investigation concerned to a 14 year old male patient presenting multiple mouth lesions and dental alterations, attended in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry degree at the Dentistry School in the Santa Maria University. The patient has been treated following the necessary considerations required according to his systemic compromise d under oral premedication for decrease the anxiety and make easear the behavior management. The patirnt with MS has multiple oral decrease that may be diagnoticated a treated on time to increase the life quality of the patient

Surgical techniques for smile restoration in patients with Möbius syndrome

Möbius syndrome is a congenital condition, the etiology when is not associated with misoprostol is not well defined. Signs and symptoms include difficulty swallowing, speech problems, drooling, strabismus, limitation of eye movement and more importantly, the facial blankness that these individuals have, result of the facial paralysis, due to atrophy of the cranial nerves that are involved in this condition. The ability to express emotions is affected and are considered "children without a smile." There is currently no treatment to solvent the birth defects, the treatment options for reduce these alterations is the surgical option that has as main objective to restore muscle function through various techniques, used as required, the possibilities of applying them, is taking into consideration the outcome of the procedure to execute. Among the surgical techniques used mainly: the lengthening myoplasty of the temporal muscle,muscle transfers, cross-facial grafting, neurorrhaphy and nerve transposition, of which latter are the best performers, giving the patient a more natural, in as far as regards expression and function

Oral health status of a sample of Venezuelan patients with spina bifida. A cross-sectional study.

Spina bifida (SB) is a congenital malformation of the spinal cord associated with several vertebral abnormalities caused by incomplete neural tube closure. The aim of this study is to report on the oral health status of a sample of Venezuelan patients with SB. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was performed in 30 patients with SB to determine their oral health status and other variables of interest.  Results: A 46.7% of the patients had a history of caries: 22% in the 1-4 year group, 71.4% in the 5-7 year group, and 100% in the 8-16 year group. The dmft and DMFT indices were 1.55 and 3.50, respectively. A 46.7% of the patients had gingivitis, 30% had dental calculus, with an OHI-S of 2. The 83% had Angle Class II and 17%, Angle Class I. A 40% had parafunctional habits such as digital suction, use of pacifiers and onicophagia. The 70% had deep palate. Conclusions: Patients with SB have specific oral characteristics and risk factors that must be taken into account in dental treatments to provide adequate care and improve their quality of life

Clinical prevalence of drooling in infant cerebral palsy

Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of drooling in infant cerebral palsy (ICP) and analyze the possible surgical, pharmacological, myofunctional and novel alternative approaches to treatment of this disorder. Methods: A clinical study is made of a group of patients with ICP (cohort) and aged between 4 and 34 years, visiting a dental clinic for disabled patients. The classification of Thomas-Stonell and Greenberg was used to assess the presence and severity of drooling. Results: Of the total of 50 patients evaluated (52% males and 48% females), 58% presented drooling (mild in 44.4% and moderate to severe in 27.7%). Conclusion: Over half of the patients with ICP presented drooling. Effective options are therefore needed for the treatment of this problem, which poses a series of negative effects for both patients and their care givers

Periodontal disease associated to systemic genetic disorders

A number of systemic disorders increase patient susceptibility to periodontal disease, which moreover evolves more rapidly and more aggressively. The underlying factors are mainly related to alterations in immune, endocrine and connective tissue status. These alterations are associated with different pathologies and syndromes that generate periodontal disease either as a primary manifestation or by aggravating a pre-existing condition attributable to local factors. This is where the role of bacterial plaque is subject to debate. In the presence of qualitative or quantitative cellular immune alterations, periodontal disease may manifest early on a severe localized or generalized basis ? in some cases related to the presence of plaque and/or specific bacteria (severe congenital neutropenia or infantile genetic agranulocytosis, Chediak-Higiashi syndrome, Down syndrome and Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome). In the presence of humoral immune alterations, periodontal damage may result indirectly as a consequence of alterations in other systems. In connective tissue disorders, bacterial plaque and alterations of the periodontal tissues increase patient susceptibility to gingival inflammation and alveolar resorption (Marfan syndrome and Ehler-Danlos syndrome). The management of periodontal disease focuses on the control of infection and bacterial plaque by means of mechanical and chemical methods. Periodontal surgery and even extraction of the most seriously affected teeth have also been suggested. There are variable degrees of consensus regarding the background systemic disorder, as in the case of Chediak-Higiashi syndrome, where antibiotic treatment proves ineffective; in severe congenital neutropenia or infantile genetic agranulocytosis, where antibiotic prophylaxis is suggested; and in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome, where an established treatment protocol is available

Prevalence of bucco-dental pathologies in patients

Introduction: Oral diseases in psychiatric patients are usually a result of bad oral hygiene and psychopharmaceutical side-effects. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the most prevalent oral lesions in patients hospitalized in a psychiatric institution in Caracas, Venezuela with the confirmed diagnosis of psychiatric illness. Methods: A transversal study consisted of 65 hospitalized patients with psychiatric disorders out of whom 50 were males and 15 females. Patients were aged from 19 to 80 years, mean age 50.2 years. Data on oral lesions were obtained within history and clinical examination of the oral cavity. Other medical data were collected from medical documentation. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 17.0. Results: 56.92% of patients had caries in at least one tooth, 29.23% presented gingivitis and 56.92% periodontal disease. In relation to Temporomandibular joint, 36.92% presented articular sounds and 10.76% muscular pain. Between the most prevalent parafunctional habits were found cigarette habit, bruxism, onychophagia and cheek bite. Conclusion: Results imply that psychiatric patients are more frequently involved with oral lesions than healthy persons. It is necessary to organize specific preventive and educational oral health programmes with these patients, in a multidisciplinary group

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Influencia de la lactancia materna en la aparición de hábitos parafuncionales y maloclusiones. Estudio transversal / Influence of Breastfeeding on the Development of Parafunctional Habits and Malocclusions. A Cross-sectional Study

Antecedentes: La lactancia materna es la mejor alternativa de alimentación para los recién nacidos. El amamantamiento promueve un adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo de las estructuras craneofaciales, ya que se produce una excitación de la musculatura orofacial, al estimular el desarrollo funcional, y del sistema estomatognático. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en el cual se evaluaron 195 historia clínicas de pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 3 y 16 años que acudieron al posgrado de odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Santa María en Caracas, Venezuela. Se tomaron datos asociados con el tiempo de lactancia materna, presencia de hábitos parafuncionales y maloclusiones. Resultados: 29,7 % de los niños recibió lactancia materna durante un periodo menor o igual a 5 meses; el 62,1 %, durante 6 meses o más, y el 8,2 % no recibió lactancia materna. El 84,1% presentó hábitos parafuncionales y 41% presentó algún tipo de maloclusión. Al aplicar la prueba de chi2 a cada variable, se determinó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el tiempo de lactancia menor a 6 meses y la aparición hábitos parafuncionales (p = 0,001). Sin embargo, no se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el tiempo de lactancia y la aparición de maloclusiones (p = 0,012). Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos indican la existencia de una relación entre un periodo de amamantamiento menor a 6 meses y el desarrollo de hábitos de parafuncionales; entonces, los niños que no reciben lactancia o que la tuvieron durante periodos cortos tienen mayor riesgo de padecerlos. Sin embargo, no hubo una relación significativa entre la lactancia materna y la aparición de maloclusiones. Background: Breastfeeding is the best option for infants. It promotes an adequate growth and development of the craniofacial structures as breastfeeding stimulates the orofacial musculature and therefore the functional development of the stomatognathic system. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. 195 clinical histories of patients with ages between 3 and 16 years attending the postdoctoral pediatric dentistry clinic of the dental School at the University of Santa Maria, Caracas Venezuela, were evaluated. Time data associated with breastfeeding, presence of parafunctional habits, and malocclusions were collected. Results: 29.7% of the children were breastfed 6 months, and 8.2% were not breastfed. 84.1% had parafunctional habits and 41% had some type of malocclusion. When applying the Chi-square test for each variable, a statistically significant relationship between <5-month breastfeeding and parafunctional habits (p=0.001) was found. However, there was not a statistically significant relationship between the length of breastfeeding and the occurrence of malocclusions (p=0.012). Conclusions: The results indicate the existence of a relationship between a period of <5 months of breastfeeding and the development of parafunctional habits, having the greater risk children who do not receive nursing or did for a short period. However, no significant relationship between breastfeeding and the occurrence of malocclusions was shown. Introdução: A amamentação materna é a melhor opção de alimentação para as crianças. Amamentar promove o bom crescimento e o desenvolvimento das estruturas craniofaciais já que produz uma excitação da musculatura orofacial, estimulando o desenvolvimento funcional do sistema estomatológico. Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi realizado, onde foram avaliadas a história clínicas de 195 pacientes com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 16 anos, os quais se apresentaram ao módulo de pós-graduação de odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Santa Maria, em Caracas, Venezuela. Foram tomados dados associados com o tempo de amamentação, presença de hábitos parafuncionais e maloclusão. Resultados: 29,7% das crianças foram amamentadas por um período menor a 5 meses, 62,1% por 6 meses ou mais e 8,2% não foram amamentados. 84,1% apresentaram hábitos parafuncionais e 41% apresentaram algum tipo de maloclusão. Ao aplicar o teste do qui-quadrado para cada variável, foi determinada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre o tempo de amamentação menor a 6 meses e a aparição de hábitos parafuncionais (p=0,001). No entanto, não foi observada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a duração da amamentação materna e a aparição de maloclusões (p=0,012). Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos indicam a existência de uma relação entre um período de amamentação menor de 6 meses e o desenvolvimento de hábitos parafuncionais, tendo um maior risco de os padecer as crianças que não foram amamentadas ou as que a tiveram mas durante um curto período de tempo. Entrentanto, não se verifica uma relação significativa entre a amamentação materna e a aparição de maloclusões

Influencia de la lactancia materna en la aparición de hábitos parafuncionales y maloclusiones. Estudio transversal / Influence of Breastfeeding on the Development of Parafunctional Habits and Malocclusions. A Cross-sectional Study

Antecedentes: La lactancia materna es la mejor alternativa de alimentación para los recién nacidos. El amamantamiento promueve un adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo de las estructuras craneofaciales, ya que se produce una excitación de la musculatura orofacial, al estimular el desarrollo funcional, y del sistema estomatognático. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en el cual se evaluaron 195 historia clínicas de pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 3 y 16 años que acudieron al posgrado de odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Santa María en Caracas, Venezuela. Se tomaron datos asociados con el tiempo de lactancia materna, presencia de hábitos parafuncionales y maloclusiones. Resultados: 29,7 % de los niños recibió lactancia materna durante un periodo menor o igual a 5 meses; el 62,1 %, durante 6 meses o más, y el 8,2 % no recibió lactancia materna. El 84,1% presentó hábitos parafuncionales y 41% presentó algún tipo de maloclusión. Al aplicar la prueba de chi2 a cada variable, se determinó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el tiempo de lactancia menor a 6 meses y la aparición hábitos parafuncionales (p = 0,001). Sin embargo, no se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre el tiempo de lactancia y la aparición de maloclusiones (p = 0,012). Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos indican la existencia de una relación entre un periodo de amamantamiento menor a 6 meses y el desarrollo de hábitos de parafuncionales; entonces, los niños que no reciben lactancia o que la tuvieron durante periodos cortos tienen mayor riesgo de padecerlos. Sin embargo, no hubo una relación significativa entre la lactancia materna y la aparición de maloclusiones. Background: Breastfeeding is the best option for infants. It promotes an adequate growth and development of the craniofacial structures as breastfeeding stimulates the orofacial musculature and therefore the functional development of the stomatognathic system. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. 195 clinical histories of patients with ages between 3 and 16 years attending the postdoctoral pediatric dentistry clinic of the dental School at the University of Santa Maria, Caracas Venezuela, were evaluated. Time data associated with breastfeeding, presence of parafunctional habits, and malocclusions were collected. Results: 29.7% of the children were breastfed &lt;5 months, 62.1% &gt;6 months, and 8.2% were not breastfed. 84.1% had parafunctional habits and 41% had some type of malocclusion. When applying the Chi-square test for each variable, a statistically significant relationship between &lt;5-month breastfeeding and parafunctional habits (p=0.001) was found. However, there was not a statistically significant relationship between the length of breastfeeding and the occurrence of malocclusions (p=0.012). Conclusions: The results indicate the existence of a relationship between a period of &lt;5 months of breastfeeding and the development of parafunctional habits, having the greater risk children who do not receive nursing or did for a short period. However, no significant relationship between breastfeeding and the occurrence of malocclusions was shown. Introdução: A amamentação materna é a melhor opção de alimentação para as crianças. Amamentar promove o bom crescimento e o desenvolvimento das estruturas craniofaciais já que produz uma excitação da musculatura orofacial, estimulando o desenvolvimento funcional do sistema estomatológico. Métodos: Um estudo transversal foi realizado, onde foram avaliadas a história clínicas de 195 pacientes com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 16 anos, os quais se apresentaram ao módulo de pós-graduação de odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Santa Maria, em Caracas, Venezuela. Foram tomados dados associados com o tempo de amamentação, presença de hábitos parafuncionais e maloclusão. Resultados: 29,7% das crianças foram amamentadas por um período menor a 5 meses, 62,1% por 6 meses ou mais e 8,2% não foram amamentados. 84,1% apresentaram hábitos parafuncionais e 41% apresentaram algum tipo de maloclusão. Ao aplicar o teste do qui-quadrado para cada variável, foi determinada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre o tempo de amamentação menor a 6 meses e a aparição de hábitos parafuncionais (p=0,001). No entanto, não foi observada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a duração da amamentação materna e a aparição de maloclusões (p=0,012). Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos indicam a existência de uma relação entre um período de amamentação menor de 6 meses e o desenvolvimento de hábitos parafuncionais, tendo um maior risco de os padecer as crianças que não foram amamentadas ou as que a tiveram mas durante um curto período de tempo. Entrentanto, não se verifica uma relação significativa entre a amamentação materna e a aparição de maloclusões