Practicas colaborativas en espacios urbanos: caso de estudio: “El Ejido Elige”

La actual situación crítica y de cambio profundo en que nos encontramos en diferentes ámbitos, social económico, cultural, etc., hace necesario repensar las prácticas urbanas y sobre todo los modos en que éstas se realizan, de cara a adaptarnos y afrontar los retos que nos plantean estas nuevas perspectivas. El presente trabajo parte del aspecto general y más conceptual reflexionando acerca de la cuestión del habitar un lugar y de la configuración de un grupo colectivo abierto como espacio de lo impropio; para pasar a explicar aspectos más particulares y específicos del caso de estudio #ElEjidoElige, es decir, explicar un modo de gestión de las cuestiones prácticas, técnicas y administrativas de un proceso urbano. #ElEjidoElige en el barrio de El Ejido en Málaga ha devenido un experimento colectivo de amplio espectro, del que es destacable el procedimiento participativo y de construcción seguido en diversos aspectos: colectivos, vecinales, técnicos, administrativos, políticos...The current critical and profound changing situation that we are experiencing in different aspects such as social-economical, cultural, etc. makes it necessary to rethink urban practices and how they are done, so we can adapt and face the challenges presented by these new perspectives. This work starts from a general and more conceptual aspect, reflecting on the issue of “inhabiting” and the settings as a open collective group in "space impropriety"; to be able to explain more specific aspects from this study-case #ElEjidoElige, such as the management of practical, technical and administrative issues of an urban process. # ElEjidoElige in the area of El Ejido in Malaga has become a broad-spectrum experiment, in which we can highlight the participatory and constructive process, followed by various aspects: collective, local, technical, administrative and political among others.Peer Reviewe

A Methodology to Assess the Capacity of Neighborhoods to Accommodate Models of Active Aging Based on Sharing Housing. Málaga (Spain) as a Study Case.

The aging of the world population, especially in Europe, and the increase in the longevity of the elderly pose a major challenge in the habitability of cities. Neighborhoods for active aging constitute socio-spatial and social relation units that are the basis of active aging in the place. Recent literature has analyzed the ideal conditions of neighborhoods and the criteria for selecting homes for the residence of the elderly, but there is a significant lack of studies that analyze the theoretical capacity of neighborhoods to accommodate coexistence initiatives among older people on a city scale. The research selects quantifiable variables and, through the use of GIS, determines the most appropriate areas of Malaga (Spain), as a case study, to promote models of coexistence based on sharing housing. The investigation concludes that the first peripheries in flat areas are the most propitious spaces. The paper concludes by discussing the keys to research that can influence public policies.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Proyecto I+D+i (PAIDI 2020) “Cooperativas vecinales de personas mayores para el envejecimiento activo en el lugar. Implicaciones en la mejora de la soledad forzada en grandes ciudades (PY20_00411)”, financiado por la Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades de la Junta de Andalucí

Survey Assessment for Decision Support Using Self-Organizing Maps Profile Characterization with an Odds and Cluster Heat Map: Application to Children’s Perception of Urban School Environments

The interpretation of opinion and satisfaction surveys based exclusively on statistical analysis often faces difficulties due to the nature of the information and the requirements of the available statistical methods. These difficulties include the concurrence of categorical information with answers based on Likert scales with only a few levels, or the distancing of the necessary heuristic approach of the decision support system (DSS). The artificial neural network used for data analysis, called Kohonen or self-organizing maps (SOM), although rarely used for survey analysis, has been applied in many fields, facilitating the graphical representation and the simple interpretation of high-dimensionality data. This clustering method, based on unsupervised learning, also allows obtaining profiles of respondents without the need to provide additional information for the creation of these clusters. In this work, we propose the identification of profiles using SOM for evaluating opinion surveys. Subsequently, non-parametric chi-square tests were first conducted to contrast whether answer was independent of each profile found, and in the case of statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05), the odds ratio was evaluated as an indicator of the effect size of such dependence. Finally, all results were displayed in an odds and cluster heat map so that they could be easily interpreted and used to make decisions regarding the survey results. The methodology was applied to the analysis of a survey based on forms administered to children (N = 459) about their perception of the urban environment close to their school, obtaining relevant results, facilitating results interpretation, and providing support to the decision-process.This research was funded by Campus de Excelencia Internacional BIOTIC Granada, University of Granada, grant number V1.2015 and the APC was funded by University of Granada

Laboratorio urbano de Mapas autoorganizados (UrbanLabSOM). Influencia de la forma del patrimonio urbanístico de Granada en la sostenibilidad y eco-eficiencia de las barriadas y en su percepción social, mediante el uso de redes neuronales artificiales y mapas auto-organizados (SOM)

UrbanLabSOM es un proyecto que trabaja en el descubrimiento de las relaciones entre las cualidades morfológicas de determinados entornos urbanos de la ciudad de Granada y sus niveles de sostenibilidad y eficiencia, y la percepción de los agentes locales sobre su calidad de vida, como punto de partida para la propuesta de transformación y mejora. Tiene importancia la sinergia tecnológica generada, favoreciendo la creación de un clúster científico multidisciplinar que ha integrado disciplinas que tradicionalmente han estudiado el territorio y la realidad urbana y social, con otras propias de la Inteligencia Artificial como las Ciencias de la Computación o la Neurociencia.Esta investigación se ha realizado con el apoyo financiero del CEI BioTic Granada (Universidad de Granada), del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte y de la Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo. III Convocatoria de Microproyectos de I+D+i "Compromiso con la investigación y el desarrollo". Proyecto Cód. V1-2015

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Regulatory sites for splicing in human basal ganglia are enriched for disease-relevant information

Genome-wide association studies have generated an increasing number of common genetic variants associated with neurological and psychiatric disease risk. An improved understanding of the genetic control of gene expression in human brain is vital considering this is the likely modus operandum for many causal variants. However, human brain sampling complexities limit the explanatory power of brain-related expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and allele-specific expression (ASE) signals. We address this, using paired genomic and transcriptomic data from putamen and substantia nigra from 117 human brains, interrogating regulation at different RNA processing stages and uncovering novel transcripts. We identify disease-relevant regulatory loci, find that splicing eQTLs are enriched for regulatory information of neuron-specific genes, that ASEs provide cell-specific regulatory information with evidence for cellular specificity, and that incomplete annotation of the brain transcriptome limits interpretation of risk loci for neuropsychiatric disease. This resource of regulatory data is accessible through our web server, http://braineacv2.inf.um.es/

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe