Revisión teórica de la cohesión y su influencia en el desempeño laboral

Las empresas buscan mejorar constantemente su desempeño y para ello se enfocan en  lograr sus resultados deseados. Para ello ocupan del respaldo de sus trabajadores, los cuales cuando trabajan de forma unida logran metas sobresalientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar teóricamente la relación entre la cohesión y el desempeño laboral. En general este estudio es parte de una investigación en proceso, de enfoque cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo y explicativo, con un diseño no experimental, transeccional. La hipótesis que se plantea es que la cohesión incide positiva y significativamente en el desempeño laboral, la cual se espera probar en un estudio posterior. Se logró el objetivo, el cual se alcanza teóricamente pues se logra analizar la relación entre la cohesión y el desempeño mostrando diferentes estudios que lo avalan

Fiebre manchada por Rickettsia rickettsii en las Américas: un problema creciente de salud pública

Rocky mountain spotted fever is a public health problem in America. The disease remains as a challenge for Health Systems at regional level. It is an illness of medical relevance due to its high case-fatality rate when it is not diagnosed and treated early. Although anyone is susceptible to infection, some groups are more vulnerable due to increased exposure to ticks, including children who have higher morbidity and fatal outcomes. A myriad of biological, ecological and social factors, complexly interrelated, are associated with its epidemiological pattern, which requires integrated and multidisciplinary interventions at different levels. The incidence of the disease may continue to increase in the region and its actual occurrence required an urgent call for regional action. Preventive actions that reduce contact with ticks and increase early disease suspicion should be priorities in the health agenda of various nations in America.El comportamiento epidemiológico de la fiebre manchada por Rickettsia rickettsii constituye un desafío para los sistemas de salud del continente americano. Es un padecimiento de relevancia médica por la letalidad que provoca si no es diagnosticado ni tratado oportunamente. Aunque cualquier persona es susceptible a la infección, algunosgrupos poblacionales son más vulnerables debido a un mayor contacto con la garrapata transmisora, entre ellos los niños, quienes tienen mayor morbilidad por lo que se asocian con resultados fatales. En su origen participa una multitud de factores biológicos, ecológicos y sociales, interrelacionados complejamente, y cuyo abordaje requiere de intervenciones integradas y multidisciplinarias. La incidencia de la enfermedad puede continuar aumentando en la región, de modo que su ocurrencia actual constituye un llamado urgente para la acción regional. Acciones preventivas que disminuyan el contacto con garrapatas e incrementen la sospecha temprana de la enfermedad, son prioritarias en la agenda de salud de varias naciones de las Américas

Fiebre manchada por Rickettsia rickettsii en las Américas: un problema creciente de salud pública

Rocky mountain spotted fever is a public health problem in America. The disease remains as a challenge for Health Systems at regional level. It is an illness of medical relevance due to its high case-fatality rate when it is not diagnosed and treated early. Although anyone is susceptible to infection, some groups are more vulnerable due to increased exposure to ticks, including children who have higher morbidity and fatal outcomes. A myriad of biological, ecological and social factors, complexly interrelated, are associated with its epidemiological pattern, which requires integrated and multidisciplinary interventions at different levels. The incidence of the disease may continue to increase in the region and its actual occurrence required an urgent call for regional action. Preventive actions that reduce contact with ticks and increase early disease suspicion should be priorities in the health agenda of various nations in America.El comportamiento epidemiológico de la fiebre manchada por Rickettsia rickettsii constituye un desafío para los sistemas de salud del continente americano. Es un padecimiento de relevancia médica por la letalidad que provoca si no es diagnosticado ni tratado oportunamente. Aunque cualquier persona es susceptible a la infección, algunosgrupos poblacionales son más vulnerables debido a un mayor contacto con la garrapata transmisora, entre ellos los niños, quienes tienen mayor morbilidad por lo que se asocian con resultados fatales. En su origen participa una multitud de factores biológicos, ecológicos y sociales, interrelacionados complejamente, y cuyo abordaje requiere de intervenciones integradas y multidisciplinarias. La incidencia de la enfermedad puede continuar aumentando en la región, de modo que su ocurrencia actual constituye un llamado urgente para la acción regional. Acciones preventivas que disminuyan el contacto con garrapatas e incrementen la sospecha temprana de la enfermedad, son prioritarias en la agenda de salud de varias naciones de las Américas

The timing of adrenarche in Maya girls, Merida, Mexico

BackgroundAdrenarche involves maturation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and increased production of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate ester, dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate (DHEA‐S). It occurs at ages 6 to 8 in industrialized populations, marking the transition from childhood to juvenility and cognitive development at middle childhood. Studies in subsistence level populations indicate a later age (8‐9) for adrenarche, but only two such studies currently exist for comparison.AimsTo investigate adrenarcheal age among Maya girls and its association with body composition and dietary variables. We hypothesized adrenarche would occur earlier given the current dual burden of nutrition in Mexico.Materials and Methods25 Maya girls aged 7 to 9 from Merida, Mexico using ELISAs to measure salivary DHEA‐S, standard anthropometry for height, weight, and skinfolds, bioelectrical impedance for body composition variables, as well as a food frequency questionnaire for dietary information.ResultsOur hypothesis was rejected—adrenarche occurred close to 9 years. While no measures of body composition were significantly associated with adrenarcheal status, girls eating meat and dairy products more frequently had significantly higher DHEA‐S levels.DiscussionLike other populations living in ecologically challenging environments, adrenarche occurred relatively late among Maya girls. Adrenarche has been linked to measures of body composition, particularly, the adiposity or body mass index rebound, but no relevant anthropometric measures were associated, possibly because of the small sample.ConclusionFurther studies are required to illuminate how adrenarcheal variation relates to developmental plasticity, body composition, pubertal progression, and animal product consumption in other transitional populations.</div

Digging deeper into colonial palaeontological practices in modern day Mexico and Brazil

Scientific practices stemming from colonialism, whereby middle- and low-income countries supply data for high-income countries and the contributions of local expertise are devalued, are still prevalent today in the field of palaeontology. In response to these unjust practices, countries such as Mexico and Brazil adopted protective laws and regulations during the twentieth century to preserve their palaeontological heritage. However, scientific colonialism is still reflected in many publications describing fossil specimens recovered from these countries. Here, we present examples of ‘palaeontological colonialism’ from publications on Jurassic–Cretaceous fossils from NE Mexico and NE Brazil spanning the last three decades. Common issues that we identified in these publications are the absence of both fieldwork and export permit declarations and the lack of local experts among authorships. In Mexico, access to many fossil specimens is restricted on account of these specimens being housed in private collections, whereas a high number of studies on Brazilian fossils are based on specimens illegally reposited in foreign collections, particularly in Germany and Japan. Finally, we outline and discuss the wider academic and social impacts of these research practices, and propose exhaustive recommendations to scientists, journals, museums, research institutions and government and funding agencies in order to overcome these practices

Dopamine and Glutamate in Antipsychotic-Responsive Compared With Antipsychotic-Nonresponsive Psychosis: A Multicenter Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study (STRATA)

The variability in the response to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia may reflect between-patient differences in neurobiology. Recent cross-sectional neuroimaging studies suggest that a poorer therapeutic response is associated with relatively normal striatal dopamine synthesis capacity but elevated anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate levels. We sought to test whether these measures can differentiate patients with psychosis who are antipsychotic responsive from those who are antipsychotic nonresponsive in a multicenter cross-sectional study. 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to measure glutamate levels (Glucorr) in the ACC and in the right striatum in 92 patients across 4 sites (48 responders [R] and 44 nonresponders [NR]). In 54 patients at 2 sites (25 R and 29 NR), we additionally acquired 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine (18F-DOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) to index striatal dopamine function (Kicer, min−1). The mean ACC Glucorr was higher in the NR than the R group after adjustment for age and sex (F1,80 = 4.27; P = .04). This was associated with an area under the curve for the group discrimination of 0.59. There were no group differences in striatal dopamine function or striatal Glucorr. The results provide partial further support for a role of ACC glutamate, but not striatal dopamine synthesis, in determining the nature of the response to antipsychotic medication. The low discriminative accuracy might be improved in groups with greater clinical separation or increased in future studies that focus on the antipsychotic response at an earlier stage of the disorder and integrate other candidate predictive biomarkers. Greater harmonization of multicenter PET and 1H-MRS may also improve sensitivity

The inventory of geological heritage of the state of São Paulo, Brazil: Methodological basis, results and perspectives

An inventory of geological sites based on solid and clear criteria is a first step for any geoconservation strategy. This paper describes the method used in the geoheritage inventory of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and presents its main results. This inventory developed by the geoscientific community aimed to identify geosites with scientific value in the whole state, using a systematic approach. All 142 geosites representative of 11 geological frameworks were characterised and quantitatively evaluated according to their scientific value and risk of degradation, in order to establish priorities for their future management. An online database of the inventory is under construction, which will be available to be easily consulted and updated by the geoscientific community. All data were made available to the State Geological Institute as the backbone for the implementation of a future state geoconservation strategy.The authors acknowledge the Science Without Borders Programme, Process 075/2012, which supported this study and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Process 2011/17261-6. We also thanks C. Mazoca for his help with maps and figures.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio