Chancelloria eros Walcott, 1920 (Chancelloriidae), Diagoniella Rauff, 1894 y espículas de esponjas hexactinéllidas (Porifera, Protospongiidae) del Cámbrico Medio de San José de Gracia, Sonora, México.

Escleritos aislados de Chancelloria eros Walcott, 1920, Diagoniella sp. y asociaciones de espículas hexactinéllidas-estauractinas y hexactina-pentactinas son descritas para el Cámbrico Medio de San José de Gracia, Sonora, México. El material procede de una secuencia sedimentaria marina de plataforma exterior, constituida principalmente por lutita intercalada con caliza, en asociación con fósiles representativos de la Biozona de Albertella como lo es Peronopsis bonnerensis Resser, 1938; Oryctocephalites walcotti Reeser, 1938; Elrathina antiqua Palmer y Halley, 1979 y Ogygopsis typicalis Resser, 1939; así como braquiópodos inarticulados. Chancelloria eros Walcott, 1920 ha sido reportada anteriormente para el Estado de Sonora, México, en el Cámbrico Medio de la Formación Arrojos, así como Chancelloria sp. en el Cámbrico Temprano de la Formación Puerto Blanco, en asociación con Kiwetinokia en Cerro Rajón en la región de Caborca. Siendo el presente el primer registro para San José de Gracia, Sonora central.Fil: Cuen R, Francisco J.. Universidad de Sonora; MéxicoFil: Beresi, Matilde Sylvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivologia, Glaciologia y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Montijo, A.. Universidad de Sonora; MéxicoFil: Buitrón, B. E.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Minjares, M. de la O.. Universidad de Sonora; Méxic

The Importance of Lactose in the Human Diet:Outcomes of a Mexican Consensus Meeting

Lactose is a unique component of breast milk, many infant formulas and dairy products, and is widely used in pharmaceutical products. In spite of that, its role in human nutrition or lactose intolerance is generally not well-understood. For that reason, a 2-day-long lactose consensus meeting with health care professionals was organized in Mexico to come to a set of statements for which consensus could be gathered. Topics ranging from lactase expression to potential health benefits of lactose were introduced by experts, and that was followed by a discussion on concept statements. Interestingly, lactose does not seem to induce a neurological reward response when consumed. Although lactose digestion is optimal, it supplies galactose for liver glycogen synthesis. In infants, it cannot be ignored that lactose-derived galactose is needed for the synthesis of glycosylated macromolecules. At least beyond infancy, the low glycemic index of lactose might be metabolically beneficial. When lactase expression decreases, lactose maldigestion may lead to lactose intolerance symptoms. In infancy, the temporary replacing of lactose by other carbohydrates is only justified in case of severe intolerance symptoms. In those who show an (epi)genetic decrease or absence of lactase expression, a certain amount (for adults mostly up to 12 g per portion) of lactose can still be consumed. In these cases, lactose shows beneficial intestinal-microbiota-shaping effects. Avoiding lactose-containing products may imply a lower intake of other important nutrients, such as calcium and vitamin B-12 from dairy products, as well as an increased intake of less beneficial carbohydrates

A new species, Castela juyyaania (Simaroubaceae), and three new records for the semiarid flora of Sinaloa, Mexico

Resumen Antecedentes y Objetivos: Durante exploraciones biológicas en el bosque espinoso cercano a las costas de Sinaloa, se colectaron especímenes de cuatro taxones no reportadas previamente para este estado, incluyendo el primer registro del género Castela, el cual se trató de una especie nueva para la ciencia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir e ilustrar a Castela juyyaania, así como reportar los tres nuevos registros adicionales para la flora de Sinaloa que comparten hábitat con la especie nueva. Métodos: Se realizaron colectas botánicas en el norte de Sinaloa durante 2022 y 2023. Para la descripción de la especie nueva se consultó la literatura disponible del género, ejemplares de herbarios y bases de datos electrónicas. Se elaboró una clave de identificación para la sección Castela en México, mapa de distribución, lámina comparativa con las especies más relacionadas y evaluación de vulnerabilidad de acuerdo con la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN). Para los nuevos registros se presentan fotos y mapas de distribución actualizada. Resultados clave: Castela juyyaania es microendémica de la Península El Guachapori, en el norte de Sinaloa. Crece en bosque espinoso cercano a la costa, en un área de aproximadamente 25 km2, altamente amenazada por la expansión agropecuaria. De acuerdo con los criterios de la UICN, se propone en la categoría de Peligro Crítico. Se relaciona morfológicamente con el complejo C. erecta, de las que se diferencia por presentar hojas pecioladas, margen no conspicuamente revoluto, estilos presentes y semillas no reticuladas. El área de distribución presenta algunos elementos del desierto sonorense, incluyendo los nuevos registros Ebenopsis confinis, Gossypium davidsonii y Malpighia diversifolia. Conclusiones: Con la nueva adición, el género Castela llega a siete especies en México con cuatro endémicas, consolidándolo como su principal centro de diversidad. Los nuevos registros y la especie nueva aportan elementos valiosos para la conservación de los bosques secos altamente amenazados en México y Sinaloa.Background and Aims: During biological explorations in the thorn forest near the coast of Sinaloa, specimens of four taxa not previously reported for this state were collected, including the first record of the genus Castela, being also a species new to science. The objective of this work was to describe and illustrate Castela juyyaania, as well as to report three additional new records for the flora of Sinaloa that share habitat with the new species. Methods: Botanical collections in northern Sinaloa during 2022 and 2023 were carried out. For the description of the new species the available literature of the genus Castela was reviewed, and specimens from local herbaria and electronic databases were consulted. An identification key to the species of the section Castela in Mexico, distribution map, a table comparing the most similar species and vulnerability assessment (according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)) were prepared. Photos and updated distribution maps are presented for the new records. Key results: Castela juyyaania is microendemic to the Peninsula El Guachapori in the north of Sinaloa. It grows in thorn forest near the coast, in an area of approximately 25 km2, highly threatened by agricultural expansion. According to the IUCN criteria, it is considered Critically Endangered. It is morphologically similar to the C. erecta complex, but differs in having petiolate leaves, not conspicuously revolute margins, styles present and non-reticulate seeds. The distribution area presents some elements of the Sonoran Desert, including the new records Ebenopsis confinis, Gossypium davidsonii and Malpighia diversifolia. Conclusions: With the new addition, the genus Castela reaches seven species in Mexico with four endemics, consolidating it as its main center of diversity. The new records and the new species provide valuable elements for the conservation of the highly threatened dry forests in Mexico and Sinaloa

CALIFA, the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey: I. Survey presentation

We present here the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey, which has been designed to provide a first step in this direction.We summarize the survey goals and design, including sample selection and observational strategy.We also showcase the data taken during the first observing runs (June/July 2010) and outline the reduction pipeline, quality control schemes and general characteristics of the reduced data. This survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopic information of a diameter selected sample of $\sim600$ galaxies in the Local Universe (0.005< z <0.03). CALIFA has been designed to allow the building of two-dimensional maps of the following quantities: (a) stellar populations: ages and metallicities; (b) ionized gas: distribution, excitation mechanism and chemical abundances; and (c) kinematic properties: both from stellar and ionized gas components. CALIFA uses the PPAK Integral Field Unit (IFU), with a hexagonal field-of-view of \sim1.3\sq\arcmin', with a 100% covering factor by adopting a three-pointing dithering scheme. The optical wavelength range is covered from 3700 to 7000 {\AA}, using two overlapping setups (V500 and V1200), with different resolutions: R\sim850 and R\sim1650, respectively. CALIFA is a legacy survey, intended for the community. The reduced data will be released, once the quality has been guaranteed. The analyzed data fulfill the expectations of the original observing proposal, on the basis of a set of quality checks and exploratory analysis. We conclude from this first look at the data that CALIFA will be an important resource for archaeological studies of galaxies in the Local Universe.Comment: 32 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publishing in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Effect of ω-conotoxin MVIIA and Phα1β on paclitaxel-induced acute and chronic pain

AbstractThe treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel produces a painful peripheral neuropathy, and is associated with an acute pain syndrome in a clinically significant number of patients. However, no standard therapy has been established to manage the acute pain or the chronic neuropathic pain related to paclitaxel. In the present study, we evaluated the analgesic potential of two N-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) blockers, ω-conotoxin MVIIA and Phα1β, on acute and chronic pain induced by paclitaxel. Adult male rats were treated with four intraperitoneal injections of paclitaxel (1+1+1+1mg/kg, in alternate days) and the development of mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated 24h (acute painful stage) or 15days (chronic painful stage) after the first paclitaxel injection. Not all animals showed mechanical hyperalgesia 24h after the first paclitaxel injection, but those that showed developed a more intense mechanical hyperalgesia at the chronic painful stage. Intrathecal administration (i.t.) of ω-conotoxin MVIIA (3–300pmol/site) or Phα1β (10–300pmol/site) reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia either at the acute or at the chronic painful stage induced by paclitaxel. When administered at the acute painful stage, ω-conotoxin MVIIA (300pmol/site, i.t.) and Phα1β (300pmol/site, i.t.) prevented the worsening of chronic mechanical hyperalgesia. Furthermore, Phα1β (30-300pmol/site, i.t.) elicited less adverse effects than ω-conotoxin MVIIA (10-300 pmol/site, i.t.). Taken together, our data evidence the involvement of N-type VGCC in pain sensitization induced by paclitaxel and point out the potential of Phα1β as a safer alternative than ω-conotoxin MVIIA to treat the pain related to paclitaxel

Consenso mexicano sobre probióticos en gastroenterología

Introducción: El uso de los probióticos es común en la práctica clínica. Existe un número signi-ficativo de estudios que apoyan la eficacia de los probióticos en algunos trastornos digestivos.Sin embargo, el desconocimiento de la evidencia científica y las diferentes presentaciones ycomposiciones microbianas de los probióticos disponibles dificultan su prescripción.Objetivo: Proveer al clínico de una revisión consensuada sobre los probióticos y recomendacio-nes de su uso en gastroenterología.Material y métodos: Se seleccionaron los ensayos clínicos controlados, metaanálisis y revisio-nes sistemáticas publicados hasta 2015, usando los términos MESH: probiotics, gastrointestinaldiseases, humans, adults and children. Se utilizó la metodología Delphi. Diecisiete gastroente-rólogos de adultos y 12 de ni˜nos elaboraron enunciados los cuales fueron votados hasta obteneracuerdo > 70%. Para cada enunciado se evaluó el nivel de evidencia basado en el sistema GRADE.Resultados y conclusiones: Se generaron 11 enunciados sobre conceptos generales de probió-ticos y 27 enunciados sobre uso de probióticos en enfermedades gastrointestinales tanto enni˜nos como en adultos. El grupo de consenso recomienda el uso de probióticos en las siguientescondiciones clínicas: prevención de la diarrea asociada a antibióticos, tratamiento de la diarreaaguda infecciosa, prevención de infección por Clostridium difficile y enterocolitis necrosante,para disminuir los eventos adversos de la terapia de erradicación del Helicobacter pylori, elalivio de los síntomas del síndrome de intestino irritable, en el estre˜nimiento funcional deladulto, para inducir y mantener la remisión en pacientes con colitis ulcerosa crónica idiopáticay pouchitis, y en la encefalopatía hepática oculta y manifiesta.© 2016 Asociaci´on Mexicana de Gastroenterolog´ıa. Publicado por Masson Doyma M´exico S.A.Este es un art´ıculo Open Access bajo la licencia CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). ASTRACT Introduction: Probiotics are frequently prescribed in clinical practice. Their efficacy in treatinggastrointestinal disorders is supported by a significant number of clinical trials. However, thecorrect prescription of these agents is hampered due to a lack of knowledge of the scientificevidence and to the different presentations and microbial compositions of the probiotics thatare currently available.Aim: To provide the clinician with a consensus review of probiotics and recommendations fortheir use in gastroenterology.Materials and methods: Controlled clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviewspublished up to 2015 were selected, using the MESH terms: probiotics, gastrointestinal diseases,humans, adults, AND children. The Delphi method was employed. Eighteen gastroenterologiststreating adult patients and 14 pediatric gastroenterologists formulated statements that werevoted on until agreement > 70% was reached. The level of evidence based on the GRADE systemwas evaluated for each statement.Results and conclusions: Eleven statements on the general concepts of probiotics and 27 sta-tements on the use of probiotics in gastrointestinal diseases in both adults and children wereformulated. The consensus group recommends the use of probiotics under the following clini-cal conditions: the prevention of diarrhea associated with antibiotics, the treatment of acuteinfectious diarrhea, the prevention of Clostridium difficile infection and necrotizing enteroco-litis, the reduction of adverse events from Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, relief fromirritable bowel syndrome symptoms, the treatment of functional constipation in the adult, and the induction and maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis and pouchitis,and the treatment of covert and overt hepatic encephalopathy.© 2016 Asociaci´on Mexicana de Gastroenterolog´ıa. Published by Masson Doyma M´exico S.A. Thisis an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Psicología de la docilidad y psicología de la liberación: Reflexiones sobre René Marqués, Frantz Fanon y Hussein A. Bulhan

René Marqués essay, The Docile Puerto Rican, together with Insularismo, by Antonio S. Pedreira, are considered the foremost analyses of the Puerto Rican personality. Both the production of these pessimistic essays and their ample diffusion are examples of what may be denominated as a "psychology of docility" characteristic of conditions of domination. The present essay attempts to criticize the lack of historical perspective and critical stance, and the subvercience to Euro-North American ideology of mainstream psychological theory and practice in Puerto Rico

La reforma económica del Estado y su impacto en Sonora : 1982-1992

Tesis Maestría en ciencias sociales El Colegio de Sonora 1992 Estudios regionale