O pensamento decolonial e a desigualdade de gênero: uma relação a partir da proposta da igualdade da declaração universal dos direitos humanos e a realidade latino-americana / Decolonial thought and gender inequality: a relationship based on the equality proposal of the universal declaration of human rights and the latin american reality

A busca pela igualdade fundamentou importantes acontecimentos históricos. O valor igualdade vem destacada na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos - 1948, como pressuposto dos direitos humanos. Há, contudo, uma interpretação relacionada à qualidade eurocêntrica que permeia esta igualdade. A exemplo da América, constituída como o primeiro padrão de poder de vocação mundial, porque as relações sociais criadas nessa ideia produziram neste continente novas identidades sociais, como índios, negros, mestiços. Estas relações foram se estabelecendo, configurando estruturas de dominação e hierarquias com novo padrão. Estratifica-se, assim, a cultura patriarcal, marcada por distinções como a existente entre dominante e dominado, de onde se desenvolve também a desigualdade de gênero. Esta, então é a temática que permeia este estudo: a desigualdade de gênero na América Latina, e a inquietude que impulsiona esta pesquisa envolve o critério de universalidade da igualdade proposta pela Declaração Universal de Direitos Humanos e (im)possibilidade de sua aplicação na América Latina, tendo por parâmetro a colonialidade que dentre tantas desigualdades possíveis, estratificou também a desigualdade de gênero nesta sociedade. Este estudo tem como metodologia uma revisão bibliográfica. Um dos resultados, a partir da problematização proposta, dá conta que é provável que o Estado alimenta e aprofunda o processo colonizador. Por isso, a fim de restituir o que fora rasgado pela colonialidade, caberia ao Estado o restabelecimento de um discurso igualitário, resgatando formas coletivas de hierarquias e poderes menos autoritários. 

Acquiring Knowledge the Quilombola Territory of the Jambuaçu River through the Games

This game aims to become a didactic-pedagogical tool to facilitate the interaction and transmission of history, culture and some traditional knowledge of quilombola community living in the Quilombola Territory of the Jambuaçu River, located in the municipality of Mojú, state of Pará, to be applied to the students of the local schools and students of the School of Application of the Federal University of Pará. It also aims to boost the interaction between these different worldviews, through the joint elaboration between quilombola researchers, community members of the Quilombola Territory of the Jambuaçu River and the others researcher

Copy Number Variants Are Ovarian Cancer Risk Alleles at Known and Novel Risk Loci

BACKGROUND: Known risk alleles for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) account for approximately 40% of the heritability for EOC. Copy number variants (CNVs) have not been investigated as EOC risk alleles in a large population cohort. METHODS: Single nucleotide polymorphism array data from 13 071 EOC cases and 17 306 controls of White European ancestry were used to identify CNVs associated with EOC risk using a rare admixture maximum likelihood test for gene burden and a by-probe ratio test. We performed enrichment analysis of CNVs at known EOC risk loci and functional biofeatures in ovarian cancer-related cell types. RESULTS: We identified statistically significant risk associations with CNVs at known EOC risk genes; BRCA1 (PEOC = 1.60E-21; OREOC = 8.24), RAD51C (Phigh-grade serous ovarian cancer [HGSOC] = 5.5E-4; odds ratio [OR]HGSOC = 5.74 del), and BRCA2 (PHGSOC = 7.0E-4; ORHGSOC = 3.31 deletion). Four suggestive associations (P < .001) were identified for rare CNVs. Risk-associated CNVs were enriched (P < .05) at known EOC risk loci identified by genome-wide association study. Noncoding CNVs were enriched in active promoters and insulators in EOC-related cell types. CONCLUSIONS: CNVs in BRCA1 have been previously reported in smaller studies, but their observed frequency in this large population-based cohort, along with the CNVs observed at BRCA2 and RAD51C gene loci in EOC cases, suggests that these CNVs are potentially pathogenic and may contribute to the spectrum of disease-causing mutations in these genes. CNVs are likely to occur in a wider set of susceptibility regions, with potential implications for clinical genetic testing and disease prevention

Characterization of cell death inducing <i>Phytophthora capsici </i>CRN effectors suggests diverse activities in the host nucleus

Plant-Microbe interactions are complex associations that feature recognition of Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns by the plant immune system and dampening of subsequent responses by pathogen encoded secreted effectors. With large effector repertoires now identified in a range of sequenced microbial genomes, much attention centres on understanding their roles in immunity or disease. These studies not only allow identification of pathogen virulence factors and strategies, they also provide an important molecular toolset suited for studying immunity in plants. The Phytophthora intracellular effector repertoire encodes a large class of proteins that translocate into host cells and exclusively target the host nucleus. Recent functional studies have implicated the CRN protein family as an important class of diverse effectors that target distinct subnuclear compartments and modify host cell signalling. Here, we characterised three necrosis inducing CRNs and show that there are differences in the levels of cell death. We show that only expression of CRN20_624 has an additive effect on PAMP induced cell death but not AVR3a induced ETI. Given their distinctive phenotypes, we assessed localisation of each CRN with a set of nuclear markers and found clear differences in CRN subnuclear distribution patterns. These assays also revealed that expression of CRN83_152 leads to a distinct change in nuclear chromatin organisation, suggesting a distinct series of events that leads to cell death upon over-expression. Taken together, our results suggest diverse functions carried by CRN C-termini, which can be exploited to identify novel processes that take place in the host nucleus and are required for immunity or susceptibility

Monitoring Non-Indigenous Species with Passive Sampling Methods in an Oceanic Island

The synergistic effects of biological invasions have long been considered significant causes of biodiversity loss worldwide. Therefore, early detection monitoring is crucial in mitigating nonindigenous species (NIS) threats. In the marine environment, settlement plates were used as monitoring devices in ports, but this method was mainly applied to assess the sessile benthic community and is less efficient in collecting the mobile biota and accessing its diversity. Moreover, as the potential expansion of NIS to the surrounding coastal environment is still poorly understood, a pilot study was conducted focusing on two aspects: (i) improving the feasibility of the settling method under different environmental contexts and (ii) enhancing the capacity of the developed prototypes to collect more representative samples (i.e., sessile and mobile biota). Three different prototypes were designed: a box prototype consisting of PVC plates encapsulated by a plastic bottle, a CD prototype with CDs surrounded by a net, and a PVC prototype with uncovered PVC plates. The prototypes were deployed inside a marina and in an outside area on Madeira Island, Portugal. Results indicate that the PVC prototype was the most efficient regarding monitoring the sessile community, whereas the box prototype showed the highest abundance of the mobile fauna. The location influenced both the sessile community composition and the number of mobile taxa. Our findings suggest combining features from prototypes to encompass the whole benthic community better

Three institutional pathways to envision the future of the IPCC

The IPCC has been successful at building its scientific authority, but it will require institutional reform for staying relevant to new and changing political contexts. Exploring a range of alternative future pathways for the IPCC can help guide crucial decisions about redefining its purpose