Benefícios da inserção do fisioterapeuta sobre o perfil de prematuros de baixo risco internados em unidade de terapia intensiva

O presente estudo visa descrever os benefícios da inserção do fisioterapeuta sobre o perfil de prematuros de baixo risco internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Estudo caso-controle, retrospectivo, com consulta aos prontuários de prematuros internados em 2006/2007 sem fisioterapia (PREF) e em 2009/2010 com fisioterapia por até 8h/dia (POSF). Incluíramse 61 prematuros no período PREF e 93 no POSF, nascidos com ≥1000g, SNAP-PE II <40, com tempo de suporte ventilatório ≥24h. Verificou-se os perfis materno e dos neonatos, tempos de internação, de ventilação mecânica invasiva e não invasiva e de oxigenoterapia. Realizou-se análise descritiva, teste Mann Whitney, teste t, qui-quadrado e Fisher, considerando-se p≤0,05. Houve diferença significativa entre as idades gestacionais [PREF: 230,5 (±16,5)/ POSF: 226 (±15); p=0,05], frequência de sepse [PREF: 6 (10%)/ POSF: 30 (32%); p<0,01], de síndrome do desconforto respiratório [PREF: 11(18%)/ POSF: 43 (46%); p<0,01], necessidade de reanimação na sala de parto [PREF: 10 (16%)/ POSF: 32 (34%); p=0,02], necessidade de intubação orotraqueal [PREF: 8 (13%)/ POSF: 26 (28%); p=0,05], tempo de ventilação não invasiva (PREF: 0,1±0,4 dias/ POSF: 0,8±2,3 dias; p<0,01), de ventilação invasiva (PREF: 0,4±1,3 dias/ POSF: 1,3±3,3 dias; p=0,04), de pressão positiva contínua em vias aéreas (PREF: 1,5±1,0 dias/ POSF: 2,7±3,8 dias; p=0,04). A presença do fisioterapeuta gerou benefícios, contribuindo para a manutenção dos tempos de internação e de oxigenoterapia mesmo diante de um perfil de recém-nascidos mais imaturos e com mais intercorrências no período após a inserção da fisioterapia.El presente estudio describe los beneficios de la inserción del fisioterapeuta sobre el perfil de prematuros de bajo riesgo internados en unidad de terapia intensiva. Estudio caso-control, retrospectivo, con prontuarios de prematuros internados en 2006/2007 (sin fisioterapia - PREF) y en 2009/2010 (con fisioterapia por hasta 8h / día - POSF). Se incluyeron 61 prematuros (PREF) y 93 (POSF), ≥ 1000g, SNAP-PE II <40, con tiempo de soporte ventilatorio ≥ 24h. Se verificaron los perfiles maternos y de los neonatos, tiempos de internación, de ventilación mecánica invasiva y no invasiva y de oxigenoterapia. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, Mann Whitney, t, qui-cuadrado y Fisher, considerando p ≤ 0,05. Se observó diferencia entre las edades gestacionales [PREF: 230,5 (± 16,5) / POSF: 226 (±15); p=0,05], frecuencia de sepsis [PREF: 6 (10%) / POSTP: 30 (32%); p < 0,01], síndrome de distrés respiratorio [PREF: 11 (18%) / POSF: 43 (46%); p <0,01], necesidad de reanimación en la sala de parto [PREF: 10 (16%) / POSTP: 32 (34%); p=0,02], necesidad de intubación [PREF: 8 (13%) / POSF: 26 (28%); (p=0,05), tiempo de ventilación no invasiva (PREF: 0,1±0,4 días / POSF: 0,8±2,3 días, p<0,01), ventilación invasiva (PREF: 0, 4±1,3 días / POSF: 1,3±3,3 días, p=0,04). La presencia del fisioterapeuta generó beneficios, contribuyendo para el mantenimiento de los tiempos de internación y de oxigenoterapia, aunque el perfil de recién nacidos tuvo más intercurrencias después de la inserción de la fisioterapia.This study aims to describe the benefits of inserting the physical therapist on the profile of lowrisk premature infants in neonatal intensive care units. This is a retrospective control study, with consultation to the medical records of premature infants admitted in 2006/2007 without physical therapy (PREP) and in 2009/2010 with physical therapy for up to 8h/day (POSTP). 61 preterm infants in the PREP period and 93 in the POSTP were included, born with ≥1000g, SNAP-PE II <40, with a duration of ventilatory support ≥24h. Maternal and neonatal profiles, duration of hospitalization, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy were verified. Descriptive analysis, the Mann Whitney test, t-test, Chi-squared and Fisher’s test were performed, considering p≤0.05. There was a significant difference between gestational ages [PREP: 230.5 (±16.5)/ POSTP: 226 (±15); p = 0.05], frequency of sepsis [PREP: 6 (10%) / POSTP: 30 (32%); p < 0.01], respiratory distress syndrome [PREP: 11 (18%)/POSTP: 43 (46%); p < 0.01], need for resuscitation in the delivery room [PREP: 10 (16%) / POSTP: 32 (34%); p = 0.02], need for orotracheal intubation [PREP: 8 (13%)/POSTP: 26 (28%); invasive ventilation (PREP: 0.4±1.3 days/POSTP: 1.3±3.3 days, p = 0.04), continuous positive airway pressure (PREP: 1.5±1.0 days/POSTP: 2.7±3.8 days, p = 0.04). The presence of the physical therapist generated benefits, contributing to the maintenance of the length of hospitalization and oxygen therapy in face of a profile of more immature newborns and with more complications in the period after physical therapy was inserted

Terapia Ocupacional e saúde do idoso na atenção primária à saúde: uma revisão integrativa da literatura/Occupational Therapy and health of the elderly in primary health care: an integrative literature review

Introdução: No atendimento à população idosa na Atenção Primária à Saúde, é preconizada uma atenção humanizada com o auxílio da análise multidimensional do usuário, considerando suas particularidades e características socioculturais, por meio de ações integrais e intersetoriais, visando o bem-estar biopsicossocial do usuário, tendo o terapeuta ocupacional como um dos profissionais indispensáveis na equipe. Objetivos: Buscou-se identificar as principais ações do terapeuta ocupacional nesse nível de atenção, voltado à saúde do idoso. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada a partir da utilização dos descritores ‘’Terapia Ocupacional’’, ‘’Idoso’’ e ‘’Atenção Primária à Saúde’’. Resultados: Após o levantamento dos dados, identificou-se 337 artigos, contudo, somente 4 estudos integraram esta revisão. Os resultados foram sistematizados em duas categorias: (1) Principais ações desenvolvidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde para a produção da linha de cuidado ao idoso; e (2) Atuação do terapeuta ocupacional na Atenção Primária à Saúde relacionada à saúde da pessoa idosa. Discussão: O terapeuta ocupacional, na produção da linha de cuidado à pessoa idosa, desenvolve ações com a população, equipe multiprofissional e território adscrito, possibilitando a ampliação dos espaços de socialização, valorizando a subjetividade do idoso e oferecendo suporte adequado para a manutenção do envelhecimento ativo e saudável. Conclusão: A atuação do terapeuta ocupacional favorece a integralidade e longitudinalidade, através dos serviços prestados à pessoa idosa na Atenção Primária à Saúde, contudo, notou-se um baixo quantitativo de publicações referentes à temática. Desse modo, este estudo visa incitar discussões acerca das experiências e contribuições deste profissional neste âmbito.Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Idoso. Atenção Primária à Saúde Abstract Introduction: Primary Health Care advocates for a humanized care for elderly people through comprehensive and intersectoral actions aimed at the biopsychosocial well-being of the user, with the occupational therapist as a facilitator of the therapeutic process. Objectives: We sought to identify the main actions performed by the occupational therapist at this level of care concerning elderly health. Method: This is an Integrative Literature Review, made by using the key descriptors “Occupational Therapy”, “Aged” and “Primary Health Care”. Results: After collecting the data, 337 articles were identified, but only 4 studies were included in this review. The results were systematized into two categories: (1) Main actions developed in Primary Health Care for the production of the eldery care line and (2) Occupational therapist’s part in performing Primary Health Care for the elderly. Discussion: The occupational therapist in the production line of care for elderly people develops actions with the population, multi-professional team and assigned territory, enabling the expansion of socialization spaces, valuing the user’s subjectivity and offering adequate support for an active and healthy aging process. Conclusion: The work of the occupational therapist favors integrality and longitudinality through the services provided to elderly in primary health care, however, it was noted that there was a low number of publications on the subject. Thus, this study aims to encourage discussions about experiences and professional contributions in this area.Keywords: Occupational Therapy. Aged. Primary Health Care Resumen Introdución: La Atención Primaria de Salud recomienda la atención humanizada a las personas de la tercera edad a través de acciones integrales e intersectoriales dirigidas al bienestar biopsicosocial del usuario, con el terapeuta ocupacional como facilitador del proceso terapéutico. Objetivos: Se buscó identificar las principales acciones del terapeuta ocupacional en este nivel de atención centrado en la salud de las personas de la tercera edad. Metodo: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora basada en el uso de las palabras clave ''Terapia Ocupacional'', ''Ancianos'' y ''Atención Primaria de Salud''. Resultados: Después de recopilar los datos, se identificaron 337 artículos, pero sólo se incluyeron 4 estudios en esta revisión. Los resultados se sistematizaron en dos categorías: (1) Principales acciones desarrolladas en Atención Primaria para la producción de la línea de atención a personas de la tercera edad y (2) Acciones del terapeuta ocupacional en Atención Primaria enfocadas a la salud de las personas de la tercera edad. Discusión: El terapeuta ocupacional en la producción de la línea de atención a las personas mayores desarrolla acciones con la población, el equipo multiprofesionales y el território adjunto permitiendo la ampliación de los espacios de socialización, valorando la subjetividad del usuario y ofreciendo un apoyo adecuado para el mantenimiento del envejecimiento activo y saludable. Conclusión: El papel del terapeuta ocupacional favorece la integralidad y longitudinalidad a través de los servicios prestados a los ancianos en la atención primaria de salud, sin embargo, se observó un bajo número de publicaciones sobre el tema. Así, este estudio pretende fomentar el debate sobre las experiencias y aportaciones de este profesional en este ámbito.Palabras clave: Terapia Ocupacional. Anciano. Atención Primaria de Salud

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio