Prolonged maternal separation induces undernutrition and systemic inflammation with disrupted hippocampal development in mice

Objective: Prolonged maternal separation (PMS) in the first 2 wk of life has been associated with poor growth with lasting effects in brain structure and function. This study aimed to investigate whether PMS-induced undernutrition could cause systemic inflammation and changes in nutrition-related hormonal levels, affecting hippocampal structure and neurotransmission in C57BL/6J suckling mice. Methods: This study assessed mouse growth parameters coupled with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) serum levels. In addition, leptin, adiponectin, and corticosterone serum levels were measured following PMS. Hippocampal stereology and the amino acid levels were also assessed. Furthermore, we measured myelin basic protein and synapthophysin (SYN) expression in the overall brain tissue and hippocampal SYN immunolabeling. For behavioral tests, we analyzed the ontogeny of selected neonatal reflexes. PMS was induced by separating half the pups in each litter from their lactating dams for defined periods each day (4 h on day 1, 8 h on day 2, and 12 h thereafter). A total of 67 suckling pups were used in this study. Results: PMS induced significant slowdown in weight gain and growth impairment. Significant reductions in serum leptin and IGF-1 levels were found following PMS. Total CA3 area and volume were reduced, specifically affecting the pyramidal layer in PMS mice. CA1 pyramidal layer area was also reduced. Overall hippocampal SYN immunolabeling was lower, especially in CA3 field and dentate gyrus. Furthermore, PMS reduced hippocampal aspartate, glutamate, and gammaaminobutyric acid levels, as compared with unseparated controls. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PMS causes significant growth deficits and alterations in hippocampal morphology and neurotransmission.This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH) research grant 5R01HD053131, funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, and Brazilian grants from CNPq and CAPES (Grant # RO1 HD053131). The authors would like to thank Dr. Patricia Foley for veterinarian technical support and Dr. Jose Paulo Andrade for the excellent comments and suggestions to improve this manuscript. N.S. contributed with the stereological studies. I.L.F. and R.B.O. contributed with the behavioral studies. I.L.F., R.B.O., and R.L.G. contributed with the study design, study analysis, and manuscript preparation. G.A.M. and P.B.F. contributed with neurochemical brain analyses. J.I.A.L. and G.M.A. contributed with hormonal and CRP serum analyses. D.G.C., K.M.C., and R.S.R. contributed with animal experimentation and data collection

Comportamento dieletrico de uma cadeia de isoladores de vidro de classe de tensão 138 KV com unidades danificadas

Orientador: Ioshiaki DoiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia EletricaResumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o comportamento de cadeias de isoladores de vidro, utilizadas em linhas de transmissão de 138 kV, quando elas apresentam unidades danificadas. Quando um ou mais isoladores danificados passa a integrar a composição de uma cadeia, a suportabilidade dessa cadeia varia com o número de unidades danificadas e com o posicionamento que elas ocupam. O estudo do comportamento dielétrico de uma cadeia com isoladores de vidro com unidades danificadas é de grande interesse prático, pois está associado ao desempenho do sistema elétrico e a execução de manutenções com lina energizada ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digitalAbstract: When one or more broken units are present in the insulator string, its voltage strength changes with the location and distribution of broken units in the string. In generaI the broken or damage insuIators may affect the performance of the transmission Iines. On the other hand, it infIuences the Iive Iine maintenance safety conditions. This work studies the dielectric bchavior of the glass insulator strings of 138 kV transmission Iines with broken units under switching and Iightning impulse voltages and industrial frequence (60 Hz) voltage. Brief comments are made on Iive Iine maintenance tools and methods, as welI as some expected overvoltages on transmission Iines. The behavior of the gaps with and without insulator strings in them are also discussed and commented ... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertationsMestradoMestre em Engenharia Elétric

A infiltração de policiais no Direito espanhol

Visa introduzir o leitor brasileiro na compreensão da moderna legislação espanhola, no que se refere à previsão, limites e características da utilização do chamado "agente infiltrado" como instrumento de combate à criminalidade organizada. Analisa a técnica de investigação que permite que policiais se infiltrem em organizações criminosas, com identidade diversa da sua, para obtenção de provas dos delitos por elas cometidos, assim como para identificar seus autores e partícipes

Lavagem de dinheiro

Divulgação dos SUMÁRIOS das obras recentemente incorporadas ao acervo da Biblioteca Ministro Oscar Saraiva do STJ. Em respeito à lei de Direitos Autorais, não disponibilizamos a obra na íntegra. STJ00078051 343.72 B713l 2.ed